table of contents
SOURCES.LIST(5) | APT | SOURCES.LIST(5) |
NAME¶
sources.list - List of configured APT data sourcesDESCRIPTION¶
The source list /etc/apt/sources.list is designed to support any number of active sources and a variety of source media. The file lists one source per line, with the most preferred source listed first. The information available from the configured sources is acquired by apt-get update (or by an equivalent command from another APT front-end). Each line specifying a source starts with type (e.g. deb-src) followed by options and arguments for this type. Individual entries cannot be continued onto a following line. Empty lines are ignored, and a # character anywhere on a line marks the remainder of that line as a comment.SOURCES.LIST.D¶
The /etc/apt/sources.list.d directory provides a way to add sources.list entries in separate files. The format is the same as for the regular sources.list file. File names need to end with .list and may only contain letters (a-z and A-Z), digits (0-9), underscore (_), hyphen (-) and period (.) characters. Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has ignored a file, unless that file matches a pattern in the Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently configuration list - in which case it will be silently ignored.THE DEB AND DEB-SRC TYPES¶
The deb type references a typical two-level Debian archive, distribution/component. The distribution is generally an archive name like stable or testing or a codename like wheezy or jessie while component is one of main, contrib or non-free. The deb-src type references a Debian distribution's source code in the same form as the deb type. A deb-src line is required to fetch source indexes. The format for a sources.list entry using the deb and deb-src types is:deb [ options ] uri distribution [component1] [component2] [...]
•arch=arch1,arch2,... can
be used to specify for which architectures information should be downloaded.
If this option is not set all architectures defined by the APT::Architectures
option will be downloaded.
•trusted=yes can be set to indicate that
packages from this source are always authenticated even if the Release file is
not signed or the signature can't be checked. This disables parts of
apt-secure(8) and should therefore only be used in a local and trusted
context. trusted=no is the opposite which handles even correctly authenticated
sources as not authenticated.
It is important to list sources in order of preference, with the most preferred
source listed first. Typically this will result in sorting by speed from
fastest to slowest (CD-ROM followed by hosts on a local network, followed by
distant Internet hosts, for example).
Some examples:
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian wheezy main contrib non-free deb http://security.debian.org/ wheezy/updates main contrib non-free
URI SPECIFICATION¶
The currently recognized URI types are: fileThe file scheme allows an arbitrary directory
in the file system to be considered an archive. This is useful for NFS mounts
and local mirrors or archives.
cdrom
The cdrom scheme allows APT to use a local
CD-ROM drive with media swapping. Use the apt-cdrom(8) program to
create cdrom entries in the source list.
http
The http scheme specifies an HTTP server for
the archive. If an environment variable http_proxy is set with the
format http://server:port/, the proxy server specified in http_proxy
will be used. Users of authenticated HTTP/1.1 proxies may use a string of the
format http://user:pass@server:port/. Note that this is an insecure method of
authentication.
ftp
The ftp scheme specifies an FTP server for the
archive. APT's FTP behavior is highly configurable; for more information see
the apt.conf(5) manual page. Please note that an FTP proxy can be
specified by using the ftp_proxy environment variable. It is possible
to specify an HTTP proxy (HTTP proxy servers often understand FTP URLs) using
this environment variable and only this environment variable. Proxies
using HTTP specified in the configuration file will be ignored.
copy
The copy scheme is identical to the file
scheme except that packages are copied into the cache directory instead of
used directly at their location. This is useful for people using removable
media to copy files around with APT.
rsh, ssh
The rsh/ssh method invokes RSH/SSH to connect
to a remote host and access the files as a given user. Prior configuration of
rhosts or RSA keys is recommended. The standard find and dd
commands are used to perform the file transfers from the remote host.
adding more recognizable URI types
APT can be extended with more methods shipped
in other optional packages, which should follow the naming scheme
apt-transport- method. For instance, the APT team also maintains the
package apt-transport-https, which provides access methods for HTTPS URIs with
features similar to the http method. Methods for using e.g. debtorrent are
also available - see apt-transport-debtorrent(1).
EXAMPLES¶
Uses the archive stored locally (or NFS mounted) at /home/jason/debian for stable/main, stable/contrib, and stable/non-free.deb file:/home/jason/debian stable main contrib non-free
deb file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free
deb-src file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian wheezy main deb [ arch=amd64,armel ] http://ftp.debian.org/debian wheezy main
deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-archive hamm main
deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian wheezy contrib
deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian unstable contrib
deb http://ftp.tlh.debian.org/universe unstable/binary-$(ARCH)/
SEE ALSO¶
apt-cache(8) apt.conf(5)BUGS¶
APT bug page[1]. If you wish to report a bug in APT, please see /usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt or the reportbug(1) command.AUTHORS¶
Jason Gunthorpe APT teamNOTES¶
- 1.
- APT bug page
09 June 2012 | APT 0.9.7.9 |