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NAMED(8) | BIND9 | NAMED(8) |
NAME¶
named - Internet domain name serverSYNOPSIS¶
named [-4] [-6]
[-c config-file]
[-d debug-level] [
-E engine-name] [ -f] [-g]
[-m flag] [-n #cpus]
[ -p port] [-s]
[-S #max-socks]
[-t directory] [
-U #listeners] [
-u user] [ -v] [-V]
[-x cache-file]
DESCRIPTION¶
named is a Domain Name System (DNS) server, part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035. When invoked without arguments, named will read the default configuration file /etc/named.conf, read any initial data, and listen for queries.OPTIONS¶
-4Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of
IPv6. -4 and -6 are mutually exclusive.
-6
Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of
IPv4. -4 and -6 are mutually exclusive.
-c config-file
Use config-file as the configuration file instead
of the default, /etc/named.conf. To ensure that reloading the
configuration file continues to work after the server has changed its working
directory due to to a possible directory option in the configuration
file, config-file should be an absolute pathname.
-d debug-level
Set the daemon's debug level to debug-level.
Debugging traces from named become more verbose as the debug level
increases.
-E engine-name
Use a crypto hardware (OpenSSL engine) for the crypto
operations it supports, for instance re-signing with private keys from a
secure key store. When compiled with PKCS#11 support engine-name
defaults to pkcs11, the empty name resets it to no engine.
-f
Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not
daemonize).
-g
Run the server in the foreground and force all logging to
stderr.
-m flag
Turn on memory usage debugging flags. Possible flags are
usage, trace, record, size, and mctx. These
correspond to the ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX flags described in
<isc/mem.h>.
-n #cpus
Create #cpus worker threads to take advantage of
multiple CPUs. If not specified, named will try to determine the number
of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU. If it is unable to determine
the number of CPUs, a single worker thread will be created.
-p port
Listen for queries on port port. If not specified,
the default is port 53.
-s
Write memory usage statistics to stdout on exit.
-S #max-socks
Note: This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9
developers and may be removed or changed in a future release.
Allow named to use up to #max-socks
sockets.
-t directory
Warning: This option should be unnecessary for the
vast majority of users. The use of this option could even be harmful because
the specified value may exceed the limitation of the underlying system API. It
is therefore set only when the default configuration causes exhaustion of file
descriptors and the operational environment is known to support the specified
number of sockets. Note also that the actual maximum number is normally a
little fewer than the specified value because named reserves some file
descriptors for its internal use.
Chroot to directory after processing the command
line arguments, but before reading the configuration file.
-U #listeners
Warning: This option should be used in conjunction
with the -u option, as chrooting a process running as root doesn't
enhance security on most systems; the way chroot(2) is defined allows a
process with root privileges to escape a chroot jail.
Use #listeners worker threads to listen for
incoming UDP packets on each address. If not specified, named will use
the number of detected CPUs. If -n has been set to a higher value than
the number of CPUs, then -U may be increased as high as that value, but
no higher.
-u user
Setuid to user after completing privileged
operations, such as creating sockets that listen on privileged ports.
-v
Note: On Linux, named uses the kernel's
capability mechanism to drop all root privileges except the ability to
bind(2) to a privileged port and set process resource limits.
Unfortunately, this means that the -u option only works when
named is run on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or later,
since previous kernels did not allow privileges to be retained after
setuid(2).
Report the version number and exit.
-V
Report the version number and build options, and
exit.
-x cache-file
Load data from cache-file into the cache of the
default view.
Warning: This option must not be used. It is only
of interest to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a future
release.
SIGNALS¶
In routine operation, signals should not be used to control the nameserver; rndc should be used instead. SIGHUPForce a reload of the server.
SIGINT, SIGTERM
Shut down the server.
The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
CONFIGURATION¶
The named configuration file is too complex to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided in the BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual. named inherits the umask (file creation mode mask) from the parent process. If files created by named, such as journal files, need to have custom permissions, the umask should be set explicitly in the script used to start the named process.FILES¶
/etc/named.confThe default configuration file.
/var/run/named/named.pid
The default process-id file.
SEE ALSO¶
RFC 1033, RFC 1034, RFC 1035, named-checkconf(8), named-checkzone(8), rndc(8), lwresd(8), named.conf(5), BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual.AUTHOR¶
Internet Systems ConsortiumCOPYRIGHT¶
Copyright © 2004-2009, 2011, 2013 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")May 21, 2009 | BIND9 |