NAME¶
zwrite - write to another user via Zephyr
SYNOPSIS¶
zwrite [
-a ] [
-d ] [
-v ] [
-q ] [
-t ] [
-u ] [
-o ] [
-n ] [
-l ] [
-C ] [
-O opcode ] [
-s signature ] [
-c class ] [
-i instance ] [
-r realm ] [
-f arg ] [
user ... ] [
-m message ]
DESCRIPTION¶
Zwrite sends a message from you to another user through the
zephyr(1) notification service. The user must have subscribed to
messages of the appropriate class and instance using the
zctl(1)
program.
Zwrite understands the following options.
- -a
- Causes zwrite to send the message authenticated,
using Kerberos to perform the authentication. This is the
default.
- -d
- Causes zwrite to send the message
unauthenticated.
- -v
- Causes zwrite to print what type of message it is
sending, and whether or not it was successful.
- -q
- Forces zwrite to suppress information about whether
or not the message was sent.
- -t
- Prevents zwrite from expanding tabs in the message
into appropriate spaces. Normally zwrite will expand any tabs it
finds into the appropriate number of spaces to maintain separation based
on 8-character tab stops.
- -l
- Causes zwrite to ignore `.' on a line by itself in
the input and only end a typed message when the user types the end-of-file
character (usually control-D). When the input is not a terminal, this is
the default action.
- -u
- Sends an urgent message. This changes the zephyr
instance of the message to ``URGENT''.
- -o
- Causes zwrite to ignore the Zephyr variables
zwrite-class, zwrite-inst, and zwrite-opcode when
picking a default class, instance, and opcode.
- -n
- prevents zwrite from sending a PING message to
verify the recipient is subscribing to messages. By default, zwrite
will send a notice to the destination class, instance, and recipient, with
opcode ``PING'' before sending the message. If the PING is sent, and the
server response indicates there are no recipients subscribed to your
message, zwrite exits without sending a message. When the -n
option is used, no PING is sent.
- -C
- prepends a "CC:" line to the body of the message
indicating the recipients of the message. This is strictly a convenience:
the presence of a "CC:" line at the top of a zephyr body does
not necessarily indicate that this option was used, or that the message
really was sent to the listed users, and its lack doesn't indicate that
the message was not sent to multiple users.
- -s signature
- sets the signature to be included in the message. This
overrides both the user's name (as found in the password file) and any
setting of the Zephyr variable zwrite-signature. signature
must be a single argument, hence when using a shell it should be quoted
with double quotes. A signature argument of "" leaves the
signature in the message empty.
- -c class
- Allows a user to specify a different class for the message.
This allows a message to be sent to a large group of people with some
degree of security. See zephyr(1) and zephyrd(8) for a
description of how to restrict access to classes. When this option is
specified, the message is sent to recipient "*" unless an
additional list of recipients is specified.
This argument may not be used in conjunction with the -f option.
- -i instance
- Allows a user to specify a different instance than the
default. When this option is used, the message is sent to recipient
"*" unless an additional list of recipients is specified. This
allows a message to be sent to a large group of people (e.g. a development
group) just by having the members subscribe to messages of class
"MESSAGE", the specified instance, and recipient "*".
This argument may not be used in conjunction with the -f option.
- -r realm
- Allows a user to specify a different realm for the message,
if the server supports interrealm Zephyr.
- -F format
- Allows a user to specify a different default format for the
message.
- -O opcode
- Allows a user to specify a different opcode for the
message. Some Zephyr notice display programs may use the opcode to decide
how to display a notice.
- -f arg
- Allows a user to specify an argument to be interpreted as a
filesystem specification. The class is set to FILSRV. he instance
is set to arg as modified: If arg contains no colons (`:'),
it is assumed to be a host name, and it is converted into an official host
name via gethostbyname(3). If arg contains a colon, the
portion preceding the colon is treated as a host name, and the colon and
any trailing characters are appended to the offical host name returned by
gethostbyname. If the name fails to resolve into an official host
name, the instance is set to arg unmodified.
This option may not be used in conjunction with the -c or -i option.
- -m
- Zwrite sends the remaining arguments on the command
line as the message.
If the
-m option is not specified, the user is prompted for the message
to be sent. The message may be terminated by typing ^D or ``.'' on a line by
itself.
The default class for messages is ``MESSAGE'', the default instance is
``PERSONAL'', andthe default opcode is ``'' (an empty string). These defaults
can be overridden by setting the Zephyr variables
zwrite-class,
zwrite-inst, and
zwrite-opcode, respectively. Command-line
options can override the defaults.
If the class is ``MESSAGE'' and the instance is either ``PERSONAL'' or
``URGENT'', a recipient must be specified. These comparisons are
case-sensitive.
Unless the
-s option is used, the contents of the Zephyr variable
zwrite-signature are used to augment the user's username in the
message. If
zwrite-signature is not set and the
-s option is not
specified, the user's full name (as specified in the password file) is used
instead.
BUGS¶
Tab expansion should really be done by the receiver of the message.
The -u option is provided for compatibility with old versions of
zwrite
and is not necessarily useful for sending messages to users who do not have
old subscription files.
SEE ALSO¶
kerberosintro(1),
zctl(1),
zephyr(1),
zwgc(1),
zhm(8),
zephyrd(8),
gethostbyname(3)
Project Athena Technical Plan Section E.4.1, `Zephyr Notification Service'
FILES¶
/etc/passwd
$ZEPHYR_VARS or $HOME/.zephyr.vars
AUTHOR¶
Robert S. French (MIT-Project Athena)
RESTRICTIONS¶
Copyright (c) 1987,1988 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All Rights
Reserved.
zephyr(1) specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.