NAME¶
POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
SYNOPSIS¶
use POSIX;
use POSIX qw(setsid);
use POSIX qw(:errno_h :fcntl_h);
printf "EINTR is %d\n", EINTR;
$sess_id = POSIX::setsid();
$fd = POSIX::open($path, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY, 0644);
# note: that's a filedescriptor, *NOT* a filehandle
DESCRIPTION¶
The POSIX module permits you to access all (or nearly all) the standard POSIX
1003.1 identifiers. Many of these identifiers have been given Perl-ish
interfaces.
Everything is exported by default with the exception of any POSIX
functions with the same name as a built-in Perl function, such as
"abs", "alarm", "rmdir", "write",
etc.., which will be exported only if you ask for them explicitly. This is an
unfortunate backwards compatibility feature. You can stop the exporting by
saying "use POSIX ()" and then use the fully qualified names (ie.
"POSIX::SEEK_END").
This document gives a condensed list of the features available in the POSIX
module. Consult your operating system's manpages for general information on
most features. Consult perlfunc for functions which are noted as being
identical to Perl's builtin functions.
The first section describes POSIX functions from the 1003.1 specification. The
second section describes some classes for signal objects, TTY objects, and
other miscellaneous objects. The remaining sections list various constants and
macros in an organization which roughly follows IEEE Std 1003.1b-1993.
NOTE¶
The POSIX module is probably the most complex Perl module supplied with the
standard distribution. It incorporates autoloading, namespace games, and
dynamic loading of code that's in Perl, C, or both. It's a great source of
wisdom.
CAVEATS¶
A few functions are not implemented because they are C specific. If you attempt
to call these, they will print a message telling you that they aren't
implemented, and suggest using the Perl equivalent should one exist. For
example, trying to access the
setjmp() call will elicit the message
"
setjmp() is C-specific: use eval {} instead".
Furthermore, some evil vendors will claim 1003.1 compliance, but in fact are not
so: they will not pass the PCTS (POSIX Compliance Test Suites). For example,
one vendor may not define EDEADLK, or the semantics of the errno values set by
open(2) might not be quite right. Perl does not attempt to verify POSIX
compliance. That means you can currently successfully say "use
POSIX", and then later in your program you find that your vendor has been
lax and there's no usable ICANON macro after all. This could be construed to
be a bug.
FUNCTIONS¶
- _exit
- This is identical to the C function "_exit()". It
exits the program immediately which means among other things buffered I/O
is not flushed.
Note that when using threads and in Linux this is not a good way to
exit a thread because in Linux processes and threads are kind of the same
thing (Note: while this is the situation in early 2003 there are projects
under way to have threads with more POSIXly semantics in Linux). If you
want not to return from a thread, detach the thread.
- abort
- This is identical to the C function "abort()". It
terminates the process with a "SIGABRT" signal unless caught by
a signal handler or if the handler does not return normally (it e.g. does
a "longjmp").
- abs
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "abs()"
function, returning the absolute value of its numerical argument.
- access
- Determines the accessibility of a file.
if( POSIX::access( "/", &POSIX::R_OK ) ){
print "have read permission\n";
}
Returns "undef" on failure. Note: do not use "access()"
for security purposes. Between the "access()" call and the
operation you are preparing for the permissions might change: a classic
race condition.
- acos
- This is identical to the C function "acos()",
returning the arcus cosine of its numerical argument. See also
Math::Trig.
- alarm
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "alarm()"
function, either for arming or disarming the "SIGARLM"
timer.
- asctime
- This is identical to the C function "asctime()".
It returns a string of the form
"Fri Jun 2 18:22:13 2000\n\0"
and it is called thusly
$asctime = asctime($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year,
$wday, $yday, $isdst);
The $mon is zero-based: January equals 0. The $year is 1900-based: 2001
equals 101. $wday and $yday default to zero (and are usually ignored
anyway), and $isdst defaults to -1.
- asin
- This is identical to the C function "asin()",
returning the arcus sine of its numerical argument. See also
Math::Trig.
- assert
- Unimplemented, but you can use "die" in perlfunc
and the Carp module to achieve similar things.
- atan
- This is identical to the C function "atan()",
returning the arcus tangent of its numerical argument. See also
Math::Trig.
- atan2
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "atan2()"
function, returning the arcus tangent defined by its two numerical
arguments, the y coordinate and the x coordinate. See also
Math::Trig.
- atexit
- atexit() is C-specific: use "END {}"
instead, see perlsub.
- atof
- atof() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to
numbers transparently. If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a
zero to it.
- atoi
- atoi() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to
numbers transparently. If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a
zero to it. If you need to have just the integer part, see "int"
in perlfunc.
- atol
- atol() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to
numbers transparently. If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a
zero to it. If you need to have just the integer part, see "int"
in perlfunc.
- bsearch
- bsearch() not supplied. For doing binary search on
wordlists, see Search::Dict.
- calloc
- calloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management
transparently.
- ceil
- This is identical to the C function "ceil()",
returning the smallest integer value greater than or equal to the given
numerical argument.
- chdir
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "chdir()"
function, allowing one to change the working (default) directory, see
"chdir" in perlfunc.
- chmod
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "chmod()"
function, allowing one to change file and directory permissions, see
"chmod" in perlfunc.
- chown
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "chown()"
function, allowing one to change file and directory owners and groups, see
"chown" in perlfunc.
- clearerr
- Use the method "IO::Handle::clearerr()" instead,
to reset the error state (if any) and EOF state (if any) of the given
stream.
- clock
- This is identical to the C function "clock()",
returning the amount of spent processor time in microseconds.
- close
- Close the file. This uses file descriptors such as those
obtained by calling "POSIX::open".
$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
POSIX::close( $fd );
Returns "undef" on failure.
See also "close" in perlfunc.
- closedir
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "closedir()"
function for closing a directory handle, see "closedir" in
perlfunc.
- cos
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "cos()"
function, for returning the cosine of its numerical argument, see
"cos" in perlfunc. See also Math::Trig.
- cosh
- This is identical to the C function "cosh()", for
returning the hyperbolic cosine of its numeric argument. See also
Math::Trig.
- creat
- Create a new file. This returns a file descriptor like the
ones returned by "POSIX::open". Use "POSIX::close" to
close the file.
$fd = POSIX::creat( "foo", 0611 );
POSIX::close( $fd );
See also "sysopen" in perlfunc and its "O_CREAT"
flag.
- ctermid
- Generates the path name for the controlling terminal.
$path = POSIX::ctermid();
- ctime
- This is identical to the C function "ctime()" and
equivalent to "asctime(localtime(...))", see "asctime"
and "localtime".
- cuserid
- Get the login name of the owner of the current process.
$name = POSIX::cuserid();
- difftime
- This is identical to the C function "difftime()",
for returning the time difference (in seconds) between two times (as
returned by "time()"), see "time".
- div
- div() is C-specific, use "int" in perlfunc
on the usual "/" division and the modulus "%".
- dup
- This is similar to the C function "dup()", for
duplicating a file descriptor.
This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling
"POSIX::open".
Returns "undef" on failure.
- dup2
- This is similar to the C function "dup2()", for
duplicating a file descriptor to an another known file descriptor.
This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling
"POSIX::open".
Returns "undef" on failure.
- errno
- Returns the value of errno.
$errno = POSIX::errno();
This identical to the numerical values of the $!, see "$ERRNO" in
perlvar.
- execl
- execl() is C-specific, see "exec" in
perlfunc.
- execle
- execle() is C-specific, see "exec" in
perlfunc.
- execlp
- execlp() is C-specific, see "exec" in
perlfunc.
- execv
- execv() is C-specific, see "exec" in
perlfunc.
- execve
- execve() is C-specific, see "exec" in
perlfunc.
- execvp
- execvp() is C-specific, see "exec" in
perlfunc.
- exit
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "exit()"
function for exiting the program, see "exit" in perlfunc.
- exp
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "exp()"
function for returning the exponent ( e-based) of the numerical
argument, see "exp" in perlfunc.
- fabs
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "abs()"
function for returning the absolute value of the numerical argument, see
"abs" in perlfunc.
- fclose
- Use method "IO::Handle::close()" instead, or see
"close" in perlfunc.
- fcntl
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "fcntl()"
function, see "fcntl" in perlfunc.
- fdopen
- Use method "IO::Handle::new_from_fd()" instead,
or see "open" in perlfunc.
- feof
- Use method "IO::Handle::eof()" instead, or see
"eof" in perlfunc.
- ferror
- Use method "IO::Handle::error()" instead.
- fflush
- Use method "IO::Handle::flush()" instead. See
also "$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH" in perlvar.
- fgetc
- Use method "IO::Handle::getc()" instead, or see
"read" in perlfunc.
- fgetpos
- Use method "IO::Seekable::getpos()" instead, or
see "seek" in L.
- fgets
- Use method "IO::Handle::gets()" instead. Similar
to <>, also known as "readline" in perlfunc.
- fileno
- Use method "IO::Handle::fileno()" instead, or see
"fileno" in perlfunc.
- floor
- This is identical to the C function "floor()",
returning the largest integer value less than or equal to the numerical
argument.
- fmod
- This is identical to the C function "fmod()".
$r = fmod($x, $y);
It returns the remainder "$r = $x - $n*$y", where "$n =
trunc($x/$y)". The $r has the same sign as $x and magnitude (absolute
value) less than the magnitude of $y.
- fopen
- Use method "IO::File::open()" instead, or see
"open" in perlfunc.
- fork
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "fork()"
function for duplicating the current process, see "fork" in
perlfunc and perlfork if you are in Windows.
- fpathconf
- Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or
directory. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling
"POSIX::open".
The following will determine the maximum length of the longest allowable
pathname on the filesystem which holds "/var/foo".
$fd = POSIX::open( "/var/foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
$path_max = POSIX::fpathconf( $fd, &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX );
Returns "undef" on failure.
- fprintf
- fprintf() is C-specific, see "printf" in
perlfunc instead.
- fputc
- fputc() is C-specific, see "print" in
perlfunc instead.
- fputs
- fputs() is C-specific, see "print" in
perlfunc instead.
- fread
- fread() is C-specific, see "read" in
perlfunc instead.
- free
- free() is C-specific. Perl does memory management
transparently.
- freopen
- freopen() is C-specific, see "open" in
perlfunc instead.
- frexp
- Return the mantissa and exponent of a floating-point
number.
($mantissa, $exponent) = POSIX::frexp( 1.234e56 );
- fscanf
- fscanf() is C-specific, use <> and regular
expressions instead.
- fseek
- Use method "IO::Seekable::seek()" instead, or see
"seek" in perlfunc.
- fsetpos
- Use method "IO::Seekable::setpos()" instead, or
seek "seek" in perlfunc.
- fstat
- Get file status. This uses file descriptors such as those
obtained by calling "POSIX::open". The data returned is
identical to the data from Perl's builtin "stat" function.
$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
@stats = POSIX::fstat( $fd );
- fsync
- Use method "IO::Handle::sync()" instead.
- ftell
- Use method "IO::Seekable::tell()" instead, or see
"tell" in perlfunc.
- fwrite
- fwrite() is C-specific, see "print" in
perlfunc instead.
- getc
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "getc()"
function, see "getc" in perlfunc.
- getchar
- Returns one character from STDIN. Identical to Perl's
"getc()", see "getc" in perlfunc.
- getcwd
- Returns the name of the current working directory. See also
Cwd.
- getegid
- Returns the effective group identifier. Similar to Perl' s
builtin variable $(, see "$EGID" in perlvar.
- getenv
- Returns the value of the specified environment variable.
The same information is available through the %ENV array.
- geteuid
- Returns the effective user identifier. Identical to Perl's
builtin $> variable, see "$EUID" in perlvar.
- getgid
- Returns the user's real group identifier. Similar to Perl's
builtin variable $), see "$GID" in perlvar.
- getgrgid
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "getgrgid()"
function for returning group entries by group identifiers, see
"getgrgid" in perlfunc.
- getgrnam
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "getgrnam()"
function for returning group entries by group names, see
"getgrnam" in perlfunc.
- getgroups
- Returns the ids of the user's supplementary groups. Similar
to Perl's builtin variable $), see "$GID" in perlvar.
- getlogin
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "getlogin()"
function for returning the user name associated with the current session,
see "getlogin" in perlfunc.
- getpgrp
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "getpgrp()"
function for returning the process group identifier of the current
process, see "getpgrp" in perlfunc.
- getpid
- Returns the process identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin
variable $$, see "$PID" in perlvar.
- getppid
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "getppid()"
function for returning the process identifier of the parent process of the
current process , see "getppid" in perlfunc.
- getpwnam
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "getpwnam()"
function for returning user entries by user names, see
"getpwnam" in perlfunc.
- getpwuid
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "getpwuid()"
function for returning user entries by user identifiers, see
"getpwuid" in perlfunc.
- gets
- Returns one line from "STDIN", similar to
<>, also known as the "readline()" function, see
"readline" in perlfunc.
NOTE: if you have C programs that still use "gets()", be
very afraid. The "gets()" function is a source of endless grief
because it has no buffer overrun checks. It should never be used.
The "fgets()" function should be preferred instead.
- getuid
- Returns the user's identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin
$< variable, see "$UID" in perlvar.
- gmtime
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "gmtime()"
function for converting seconds since the epoch to a date in Greenwich
Mean Time, see "gmtime" in perlfunc.
- isalnum
- This is identical to the C function, except that it can
apply to a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale
settings may affect what characters are considered "isalnum".
Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider
using regular expressions and the "/[[:alnum:]]/" construct
instead, or possibly the "/\w/" construct.
- isalpha
- This is identical to the C function, except that it can
apply to a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale
settings may affect what characters are considered "isalpha".
Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider
using regular expressions and the "/[[:alpha:]]/" construct
instead.
- isatty
- Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified
filehandle is connected to a tty. Similar to the "-t" operator,
see "-X" in perlfunc.
- iscntrl
- This is identical to the C function, except that it can
apply to a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale
settings may affect what characters are considered "iscntrl".
Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider
using regular expressions and the "/[[:cntrl:]]/" construct
instead.
- isdigit
- This is identical to the C function, except that it can
apply to a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale
settings may affect what characters are considered "isdigit"
(unlikely, but still possible). Does not work on Unicode characters code
point 256 or higher. Consider using regular expressions and the
"/[[:digit:]]/" construct instead, or the "/\d/"
construct.
- isgraph
- This is identical to the C function, except that it can
apply to a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale
settings may affect what characters are considered "isgraph".
Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider
using regular expressions and the "/[[:graph:]]/" construct
instead.
- islower
- This is identical to the C function, except that it can
apply to a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale
settings may affect what characters are considered "islower".
Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider
using regular expressions and the "/[[:lower:]]/" construct
instead. Do not use "/[a-z]/".
- isprint
- This is identical to the C function, except that it can
apply to a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale
settings may affect what characters are considered "isprint".
Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider
using regular expressions and the "/[[:print:]]/" construct
instead.
- ispunct
- This is identical to the C function, except that it can
apply to a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale
settings may affect what characters are considered "ispunct".
Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider
using regular expressions and the "/[[:punct:]]/" construct
instead.
- isspace
- This is identical to the C function, except that it can
apply to a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale
settings may affect what characters are considered "isspace".
Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider
using regular expressions and the "/[[:space:]]/" construct
instead, or the "/\s/" construct. (Note that "/\s/"
and "/[[:space:]]/" are slightly different in that
"/[[:space:]]/" can normally match a vertical tab, while
"/\s/" does not.)
- isupper
- This is identical to the C function, except that it can
apply to a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale
settings may affect what characters are considered "isupper".
Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider
using regular expressions and the "/[[:upper:]]/" construct
instead. Do not use "/[A-Z]/".
- isxdigit
- This is identical to the C function, except that it can
apply to a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale
settings may affect what characters are considered "isxdigit"
(unlikely, but still possible). Does not work on Unicode characters code
point 256 or higher. Consider using regular expressions and the
"/[[:xdigit:]]/" construct instead, or simply
"/[0-9a-f]/i".
- kill
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "kill()"
function for sending signals to processes (often to terminate them), see
"kill" in perlfunc.
- labs
- (For returning absolute values of long integers.)
labs() is C-specific, see "abs" in perlfunc instead.
- lchown
- This is identical to the C function, except the order of
arguments is consistent with Perl's builtin "chown()" with the
added restriction of only one path, not an list of paths. Does the same
thing as the "chown()" function but changes the owner of a
symbolic link instead of the file the symbolic link points to.
- ldexp
- This is identical to the C function "ldexp()" for
multiplying floating point numbers with powers of two.
$x_quadrupled = POSIX::ldexp($x, 2);
- ldiv
- (For computing dividends of long integers.) ldiv()
is C-specific, use "/" and "int()" instead.
- link
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "link()"
function for creating hard links into files, see "link" in
perlfunc.
- localeconv
- Get numeric formatting information. Returns a reference to
a hash containing the current locale formatting values.
Here is how to query the database for the de (Deutsch or German)
locale.
$loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_ALL, "de" );
print "Locale = $loc\n";
$lconv = POSIX::localeconv();
print "decimal_point = ", $lconv->{decimal_point}, "\n";
print "thousands_sep = ", $lconv->{thousands_sep}, "\n";
print "grouping = ", $lconv->{grouping}, "\n";
print "int_curr_symbol = ", $lconv->{int_curr_symbol}, "\n";
print "currency_symbol = ", $lconv->{currency_symbol}, "\n";
print "mon_decimal_point = ", $lconv->{mon_decimal_point}, "\n";
print "mon_thousands_sep = ", $lconv->{mon_thousands_sep}, "\n";
print "mon_grouping = ", $lconv->{mon_grouping}, "\n";
print "positive_sign = ", $lconv->{positive_sign}, "\n";
print "negative_sign = ", $lconv->{negative_sign}, "\n";
print "int_frac_digits = ", $lconv->{int_frac_digits}, "\n";
print "frac_digits = ", $lconv->{frac_digits}, "\n";
print "p_cs_precedes = ", $lconv->{p_cs_precedes}, "\n";
print "p_sep_by_space = ", $lconv->{p_sep_by_space}, "\n";
print "n_cs_precedes = ", $lconv->{n_cs_precedes}, "\n";
print "n_sep_by_space = ", $lconv->{n_sep_by_space}, "\n";
print "p_sign_posn = ", $lconv->{p_sign_posn}, "\n";
print "n_sign_posn = ", $lconv->{n_sign_posn}, "\n";
- localtime
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "localtime()"
function for converting seconds since the epoch to a date see
"localtime" in perlfunc.
- log
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "log()"
function, returning the natural ( e-based) logarithm of the
numerical argument, see "log" in perlfunc.
- log10
- This is identical to the C function "log10()",
returning the 10-base logarithm of the numerical argument. You can also
use
sub log10 { log($_[0]) / log(10) }
or
sub log10 { log($_[0]) / 2.30258509299405 }
or
sub log10 { log($_[0]) * 0.434294481903252 }
- longjmp
- longjmp() is C-specific: use "die" in
perlfunc instead.
- lseek
- Move the file's read/write position. This uses file
descriptors such as those obtained by calling "POSIX::open".
$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
$off_t = POSIX::lseek( $fd, 0, &POSIX::SEEK_SET );
Returns "undef" on failure.
- malloc
- malloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management
transparently.
- mblen
- This is identical to the C function "mblen()".
Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte characters of
the C standards, so this might be a rather useless function.
- mbstowcs
- This is identical to the C function "mbstowcs()".
Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte characters of
the C standards, so this might be a rather useless function.
- mbtowc
- This is identical to the C function "mbtowc()".
Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte characters of
the C standards, so this might be a rather useless function.
- memchr
- memchr() is C-specific, see "index" in
perlfunc instead.
- memcmp
- memcmp() is C-specific, use "eq" instead,
see perlop.
- memcpy
- memcpy() is C-specific, use "=", see
perlop, or see "substr" in perlfunc.
- memmove
- memmove() is C-specific, use "=", see
perlop, or see "substr" in perlfunc.
- memset
- memset() is C-specific, use "x" instead,
see perlop.
- mkdir
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "mkdir()"
function for creating directories, see "mkdir" in perlfunc.
- mkfifo
- This is similar to the C function "mkfifo()" for
creating FIFO special files.
if (mkfifo($path, $mode)) { ....
Returns "undef" on failure. The $mode is similar to the mode of
"mkdir()", see "mkdir" in perlfunc, though for
"mkfifo" you must specify the $mode.
- mktime
- Convert date/time info to a calendar time.
Synopsis:
mktime(sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = 0, yday = 0, isdst = -1)
The month ("mon"), weekday ("wday"), and yearday
("yday") begin at zero. I.e. January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0,
not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1. The year ("year") is given in
years since 1900. I.e. The year 1995 is 95; the year 2001 is 101. Consult
your system's "mktime()" manpage for details about these and the
other arguments.
Calendar time for December 12, 1995, at 10:30 am.
$time_t = POSIX::mktime( 0, 30, 10, 12, 11, 95 );
print "Date = ", POSIX::ctime($time_t);
Returns "undef" on failure.
- modf
- Return the integral and fractional parts of a
floating-point number.
($fractional, $integral) = POSIX::modf( 3.14 );
- nice
- This is similar to the C function "nice()", for
changing the scheduling preference of the current process. Positive
arguments mean more polite process, negative values more needy process.
Normal user processes can only be more polite.
Returns "undef" on failure.
- offsetof
- offsetof() is C-specific, you probably want to see
"pack" in perlfunc instead.
- open
- Open a file for reading for writing. This returns file
descriptors, not Perl filehandles. Use "POSIX::close" to close
the file.
Open a file read-only with mode 0666.
$fd = POSIX::open( "foo" );
Open a file for read and write.
$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDWR );
Open a file for write, with truncation.
$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY | &POSIX::O_TRUNC );
Create a new file with mode 0640. Set up the file for writing.
$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_CREAT | &POSIX::O_WRONLY, 0640 );
Returns "undef" on failure.
See also "sysopen" in perlfunc.
- opendir
- Open a directory for reading.
$dir = POSIX::opendir( "/var" );
@files = POSIX::readdir( $dir );
POSIX::closedir( $dir );
Returns "undef" on failure.
- pathconf
- Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or
directory.
The following will determine the maximum length of the longest allowable
pathname on the filesystem which holds "/var".
$path_max = POSIX::pathconf( "/var", &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX );
Returns "undef" on failure.
- pause
- This is similar to the C function "pause()",
which suspends the execution of the current process until a signal is
received.
Returns "undef" on failure.
- perror
- This is identical to the C function "perror()",
which outputs to the standard error stream the specified message followed
by ": " and the current error string. Use the "warn()"
function and the $! variable instead, see "warn" in perlfunc and
"$ERRNO" in perlvar.
- pipe
- Create an interprocess channel. This returns file
descriptors like those returned by "POSIX::open".
my ($read, $write) = POSIX::pipe();
POSIX::write( $write, "hello", 5 );
POSIX::read( $read, $buf, 5 );
See also "pipe" in perlfunc.
- pow
- Computes $x raised to the power $exponent.
$ret = POSIX::pow( $x, $exponent );
You can also use the "**" operator, see perlop.
- printf
- Formats and prints the specified arguments to STDOUT. See
also "printf" in perlfunc.
- putc
- putc() is C-specific, see "print" in
perlfunc instead.
- putchar
- putchar() is C-specific, see "print" in
perlfunc instead.
- puts
- puts() is C-specific, see "print" in
perlfunc instead.
- qsort
- qsort() is C-specific, see "sort" in
perlfunc instead.
- raise
- Sends the specified signal to the current process. See also
"kill" in perlfunc and the $$ in "$PID" in
perlvar.
- rand
- "rand()" is non-portable, see "rand" in
perlfunc instead.
- read
- Read from a file. This uses file descriptors such as those
obtained by calling "POSIX::open". If the buffer $buf is not
large enough for the read then Perl will extend it to make room for the
request.
$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
$bytes = POSIX::read( $fd, $buf, 3 );
Returns "undef" on failure.
See also "sysread" in perlfunc.
- readdir
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "readdir()"
function for reading directory entries, see "readdir" in
perlfunc.
- realloc
- realloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management
transparently.
- remove
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "unlink()"
function for removing files, see "unlink" in perlfunc.
- rename
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "rename()"
function for renaming files, see "rename" in perlfunc.
- rewind
- Seeks to the beginning of the file.
- rewinddir
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "rewinddir()"
function for rewinding directory entry streams, see "rewinddir"
in perlfunc.
- rmdir
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "rmdir()"
function for removing (empty) directories, see "rmdir" in
perlfunc.
- scanf
- scanf() is C-specific, use <> and regular
expressions instead, see perlre.
- setgid
- Sets the real group identifier and the effective group
identifier for this process. Similar to assigning a value to the Perl's
builtin $) variable, see "$EGID" in perlvar, except that the
latter will change only the real user identifier, and that the
setgid() uses only a single numeric argument, as opposed to a
space-separated list of numbers.
- setjmp
- "setjmp()" is C-specific: use "eval {}"
instead, see "eval" in perlfunc.
- setlocale
- Modifies and queries program's locale. The following
examples assume
use POSIX qw(setlocale LC_ALL LC_CTYPE);
has been issued.
The following will set the traditional UNIX system locale behavior (the
second argument "C").
$loc = setlocale( LC_ALL, "C" );
The following will query the current LC_CTYPE category. (No second argument
means 'query'.)
$loc = setlocale( LC_CTYPE );
The following will set the LC_CTYPE behaviour according to the locale
environment variables (the second argument ""). Please see your
systems setlocale(3) documentation for the locale environment variables'
meaning or consult perllocale.
$loc = setlocale( LC_CTYPE, "" );
The following will set the LC_COLLATE behaviour to Argentinian Spanish.
NOTE: The naming and availability of locales depends on your
operating system. Please consult perllocale for how to find out which
locales are available in your system.
$loc = setlocale( LC_COLLATE, "es_AR.ISO8859-1" );
- setpgid
- This is similar to the C function "setpgid()" for
setting the process group identifier of the current process.
Returns "undef" on failure.
- setsid
- This is identical to the C function "setsid()"
for setting the session identifier of the current process.
- setuid
- Sets the real user identifier and the effective user
identifier for this process. Similar to assigning a value to the Perl's
builtin $< variable, see "$UID" in perlvar, except that the
latter will change only the real user identifier.
- sigaction
- Detailed signal management. This uses
"POSIX::SigAction" objects for the "action" and
"oldaction" arguments (the oldaction can also be just a hash
reference). Consult your system's "sigaction" manpage for
details, see also "POSIX::SigRt".
Synopsis:
sigaction(signal, action, oldaction = 0)
Returns "undef" on failure. The "signal" must be a
number (like SIGHUP), not a string (like "SIGHUP"), though Perl
does try hard to understand you.
If you use the SA_SIGINFO flag, the signal handler will in addition to the
first argument, the signal name, also receive a second argument, a hash
reference, inside which are the following keys with the following
semantics, as defined by POSIX/SUSv3:
signo the signal number
errno the error number
code if this is zero or less, the signal was sent by
a user process and the uid and pid make sense,
otherwise the signal was sent by the kernel
The following are also defined by POSIX/SUSv3, but unfortunately not very
widely implemented:
pid the process id generating the signal
uid the uid of the process id generating the signal
status exit value or signal for SIGCHLD
band band event for SIGPOLL
A third argument is also passed to the handler, which contains a copy of the
raw binary contents of the siginfo structure: if a system has some
non-POSIX fields, this third argument is where to unpack() them
from.
Note that not all siginfo values make sense simultaneously (some are valid
only for certain signals, for example), and not all values make sense from
Perl perspective, you should to consult your system's
"sigaction" and possibly also "siginfo"
documentation.
- siglongjmp
- siglongjmp() is C-specific: use "die" in
perlfunc instead.
- sigpending
- Examine signals that are blocked and pending. This uses
"POSIX::SigSet" objects for the "sigset" argument.
Consult your system's "sigpending" manpage for details.
Synopsis:
sigpending(sigset)
Returns "undef" on failure.
- sigprocmask
- Change and/or examine calling process's signal mask. This
uses "POSIX::SigSet" objects for the "sigset" and
"oldsigset" arguments. Consult your system's
"sigprocmask" manpage for details.
Synopsis:
sigprocmask(how, sigset, oldsigset = 0)
Returns "undef" on failure.
Note that you can't reliably block or unblock a signal from its own signal
handler if you're using safe signals. Other signals can be blocked or
unblocked reliably.
- sigsetjmp
- "sigsetjmp()" is C-specific: use "eval
{}" instead, see "eval" in perlfunc.
- sigsuspend
- Install a signal mask and suspend process until signal
arrives. This uses "POSIX::SigSet" objects for the
"signal_mask" argument. Consult your system's
"sigsuspend" manpage for details.
Synopsis:
sigsuspend(signal_mask)
Returns "undef" on failure.
- sin
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "sin()"
function for returning the sine of the numerical argument, see
"sin" in perlfunc. See also Math::Trig.
- sinh
- This is identical to the C function "sinh()" for
returning the hyperbolic sine of the numerical argument. See also
Math::Trig.
- sleep
- This is functionally identical to Perl's builtin
"sleep()" function for suspending the execution of the current
for process for certain number of seconds, see "sleep" in
perlfunc. There is one significant difference, however:
"POSIX::sleep()" returns the number of unslept seconds,
while the "CORE::sleep()" returns the number of slept
seconds.
- sprintf
- This is similar to Perl's builtin "sprintf()"
function for returning a string that has the arguments formatted as
requested, see "sprintf" in perlfunc.
- sqrt
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "sqrt()"
function. for returning the square root of the numerical argument, see
"sqrt" in perlfunc.
- srand
- Give a seed the pseudorandom number generator, see
"srand" in perlfunc.
- sscanf
- sscanf() is C-specific, use regular expressions
instead, see perlre.
- stat
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "stat()"
function for returning information about files and directories.
- strcat
- strcat() is C-specific, use ".=" instead,
see perlop.
- strchr
- strchr() is C-specific, see "index" in
perlfunc instead.
- strcmp
- strcmp() is C-specific, use "eq" or
"cmp" instead, see perlop.
- strcoll
- This is identical to the C function "strcoll()"
for collating (comparing) strings transformed using the
"strxfrm()" function. Not really needed since Perl can do this
transparently, see perllocale.
- strcpy
- strcpy() is C-specific, use "=" instead,
see perlop.
- strcspn
- strcspn() is C-specific, use regular expressions
instead, see perlre.
- strerror
- Returns the error string for the specified errno. Identical
to the string form of the $!, see "$ERRNO" in perlvar.
- strftime
- Convert date and time information to string. Returns the
string.
Synopsis:
strftime(fmt, sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = -1, yday = -1, isdst = -1)
The month ("mon"), weekday ("wday"), and yearday
("yday") begin at zero. I.e. January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0,
not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1. The year ("year") is given in
years since 1900. I.e., the year 1995 is 95; the year 2001 is 101. Consult
your system's "strftime()" manpage for details about these and
the other arguments.
If you want your code to be portable, your format ("fmt") argument
should use only the conversion specifiers defined by the ANSI C standard
(C89, to play safe). These are "aAbBcdHIjmMpSUwWxXyYZ%". But
even then, the results of some of the conversion specifiers are
non-portable. For example, the specifiers "aAbBcpZ" change
according to the locale settings of the user, and both how to set locales
(the locale names) and what output to expect are non-standard. The
specifier "c" changes according to the timezone settings of the
user and the timezone computation rules of the operating system. The
"Z" specifier is notoriously unportable since the names of
timezones are non-standard. Sticking to the numeric specifiers is the
safest route.
The given arguments are made consistent as though by calling
"mktime()" before calling your system's "strftime()"
function, except that the "isdst" value is not affected.
The string for Tuesday, December 12, 1995.
$str = POSIX::strftime( "%A, %B %d, %Y", 0, 0, 0, 12, 11, 95, 2 );
print "$str\n";
- strlen
- strlen() is C-specific, use "length()"
instead, see "length" in perlfunc.
- strncat
- strncat() is C-specific, use ".=" instead,
see perlop.
- strncmp
- strncmp() is C-specific, use "eq" instead,
see perlop.
- strncpy
- strncpy() is C-specific, use "=" instead,
see perlop.
- strpbrk
- strpbrk() is C-specific, use regular expressions
instead, see perlre.
- strrchr
- strrchr() is C-specific, see "rindex" in
perlfunc instead.
- strspn
- strspn() is C-specific, use regular expressions
instead, see perlre.
- strstr
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "index()"
function, see "index" in perlfunc.
- strtod
- String to double translation. Returns the parsed number and
the number of characters in the unparsed portion of the string. Truly
POSIX-compliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate a translation error,
so clear $! before calling strtod. However, non-POSIX systems may not
check for overflow, and therefore will never set $!.
strtod should respect any POSIX setlocale() settings.
To parse a string $str as a floating point number use
$! = 0;
($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtod($str);
The second returned item and $! can be used to check for valid input:
if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || $!) {
die "Non-numeric input $str" . ($! ? ": $!\n" : "\n");
}
When called in a scalar context strtod returns the parsed number.
- strtok
- strtok() is C-specific, use regular expressions
instead, see perlre, or "split" in perlfunc.
- strtol
- String to (long) integer translation. Returns the parsed
number and the number of characters in the unparsed portion of the string.
Truly POSIX-compliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate a translation
error, so clear $! before calling strtol. However, non-POSIX systems may
not check for overflow, and therefore will never set $!.
strtol should respect any POSIX setlocale() settings.
To parse a string $str as a number in some base $base use
$! = 0;
($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtol($str, $base);
The base should be zero or between 2 and 36, inclusive. When the base is
zero or omitted strtol will use the string itself to determine the base: a
leading "0x" or "0X" means hexadecimal; a leading
"0" means octal; any other leading characters mean decimal.
Thus, "1234" is parsed as a decimal number, "01234" as
an octal number, and "0x1234" as a hexadecimal number.
The second returned item and $! can be used to check for valid input:
if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || !$!) {
die "Non-numeric input $str" . $! ? ": $!\n" : "\n";
}
When called in a scalar context strtol returns the parsed number.
- strtoul
- String to unsigned (long) integer translation.
strtoul() is identical to strtol() except that
strtoul() only parses unsigned integers. See "strtol" for
details.
Note: Some vendors supply strtod() and strtol() but not
strtoul(). Other vendors that do supply strtoul() parse
"-1" as a valid value.
- strxfrm
- String transformation. Returns the transformed string.
$dst = POSIX::strxfrm( $src );
Used in conjunction with the "strcoll()" function, see
"strcoll".
Not really needed since Perl can do this transparently, see perllocale.
- sysconf
- Retrieves values of system configurable variables.
The following will get the machine's clock speed.
$clock_ticks = POSIX::sysconf( &POSIX::_SC_CLK_TCK );
Returns "undef" on failure.
- system
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "system()"
function, see "system" in perlfunc.
- tan
- This is identical to the C function "tan()",
returning the tangent of the numerical argument. See also Math::Trig.
- tanh
- This is identical to the C function "tanh()",
returning the hyperbolic tangent of the numerical argument. See also
Math::Trig.
- tcdrain
- This is similar to the C function "tcdrain()" for
draining the output queue of its argument stream.
Returns "undef" on failure.
- tcflow
- This is similar to the C function "tcflow()" for
controlling the flow of its argument stream.
Returns "undef" on failure.
- tcflush
- This is similar to the C function "tcflush()" for
flushing the I/O buffers of its argument stream.
Returns "undef" on failure.
- tcgetpgrp
- This is identical to the C function "tcgetpgrp()"
for returning the process group identifier of the foreground process group
of the controlling terminal.
- tcsendbreak
- This is similar to the C function "tcsendbreak()"
for sending a break on its argument stream.
Returns "undef" on failure.
- tcsetpgrp
- This is similar to the C function "tcsetpgrp()"
for setting the process group identifier of the foreground process group
of the controlling terminal.
Returns "undef" on failure.
- time
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "time()"
function for returning the number of seconds since the epoch (whatever it
is for the system), see "time" in perlfunc.
- times
- The times() function returns elapsed realtime since
some point in the past (such as system startup), user and system times for
this process, and user and system times used by child processes. All times
are returned in clock ticks.
($realtime, $user, $system, $cuser, $csystem) = POSIX::times();
Note: Perl's builtin "times()" function returns four values,
measured in seconds.
- tmpfile
- Use method "IO::File::new_tmpfile()" instead, or
see File::Temp.
- tmpnam
- Returns a name for a temporary file.
$tmpfile = POSIX::tmpnam();
For security reasons, which are probably detailed in your system's
documentation for the C library tmpnam() function, this interface
should not be used; instead see File::Temp.
- tolower
- This is identical to the C function, except that it can
apply to a single character or to a whole string. Consider using the
"lc()" function, see "lc" in perlfunc, or the
equivalent "\L" operator inside doublequotish strings.
- toupper
- This is identical to the C function, except that it can
apply to a single character or to a whole string. Consider using the
"uc()" function, see "uc" in perlfunc, or the
equivalent "\U" operator inside doublequotish strings.
- ttyname
- This is identical to the C function "ttyname()"
for returning the name of the current terminal.
- tzname
- Retrieves the time conversion information from the
"tzname" variable.
POSIX::tzset();
($std, $dst) = POSIX::tzname();
- tzset
- This is identical to the C function "tzset()" for
setting the current timezone based on the environment variable
"TZ", to be used by "ctime()",
"localtime()", "mktime()", and "strftime()"
functions.
- umask
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "umask()"
function for setting (and querying) the file creation permission mask, see
"umask" in perlfunc.
- uname
- Get name of current operating system.
($sysname, $nodename, $release, $version, $machine) = POSIX::uname();
Note that the actual meanings of the various fields are not that well
standardized, do not expect any great portability. The $sysname might be
the name of the operating system, the $nodename might be the name of the
host, the $release might be the (major) release number of the operating
system, the $version might be the (minor) release number of the operating
system, and the $machine might be a hardware identifier. Maybe.
- ungetc
- Use method "IO::Handle::ungetc()" instead.
- unlink
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "unlink()"
function for removing files, see "unlink" in perlfunc.
- utime
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "utime()"
function for changing the time stamps of files and directories, see
"utime" in perlfunc.
- vfprintf
- vfprintf() is C-specific, see "printf" in
perlfunc instead.
- vprintf
- vprintf() is C-specific, see "printf" in
perlfunc instead.
- vsprintf
- vsprintf() is C-specific, see "sprintf" in
perlfunc instead.
- wait
- This is identical to Perl's builtin "wait()"
function, see "wait" in perlfunc.
- waitpid
- Wait for a child process to change state. This is identical
to Perl's builtin "waitpid()" function, see "waitpid"
in perlfunc.
$pid = POSIX::waitpid( -1, POSIX::WNOHANG );
print "status = ", ($? / 256), "\n";
- wcstombs
- This is identical to the C function "wcstombs()".
Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte characters of
the C standards, so this might be a rather useless function.
- wctomb
- This is identical to the C function "wctomb()".
Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte characters of
the C standards, so this might be a rather useless function.
- write
- Write to a file. This uses file descriptors such as those
obtained by calling "POSIX::open".
$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY );
$buf = "hello";
$bytes = POSIX::write( $fd, $buf, 5 );
Returns "undef" on failure.
See also "syswrite" in perlfunc.
CLASSES¶
POSIX::SigAction¶
- new
- Creates a new "POSIX::SigAction" object which
corresponds to the C "struct sigaction". This object will be
destroyed automatically when it is no longer needed. The first parameter
is the handler, a sub reference. The second parameter is a
"POSIX::SigSet" object, it defaults to the empty set. The third
parameter contains the "sa_flags", it defaults to 0.
$sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new(SIGINT, SIGQUIT);
$sigaction = POSIX::SigAction->new( \&handler, $sigset, &POSIX::SA_NOCLDSTOP );
This "POSIX::SigAction" object is intended for use with the
"POSIX::sigaction()" function.
- handler
- mask
- flags
- accessor functions to get/set the values of a SigAction
object.
$sigset = $sigaction->mask;
$sigaction->flags(&POSIX::SA_RESTART);
- safe
- accessor function for the "safe signals" flag of
a SigAction object; see perlipc for general information on safe (a.k.a.
"deferred") signals. If you wish to handle a signal safely, use
this accessor to set the "safe" flag in the
"POSIX::SigAction" object:
$sigaction->safe(1);
You may also examine the "safe" flag on the output action object
which is filled in when given as the third parameter to
"POSIX::sigaction()":
sigaction(SIGINT, $new_action, $old_action);
if ($old_action->safe) {
# previous SIGINT handler used safe signals
}
POSIX::SigRt¶
- %SIGRT
- A hash of the POSIX realtime signal handlers. It is an
extension of the standard %SIG, the $POSIX::SIGRT{SIGRTMIN} is roughly
equivalent to $SIG{SIGRTMIN}, but the right POSIX moves (see below) are
made with the POSIX::SigSet and POSIX::sigaction instead of accessing the
%SIG.
You can set the %POSIX::SIGRT elements to set the POSIX realtime signal
handlers, use "delete" and "exists" on the elements,
and use "scalar" on the %POSIX::SIGRT to find out how many POSIX
realtime signals there are available (SIGRTMAX - SIGRTMIN + 1, the
SIGRTMAX is a valid POSIX realtime signal).
Setting the %SIGRT elements is equivalent to calling this:
sub new {
my ($rtsig, $handler, $flags) = @_;
my $sigset = POSIX::SigSet($rtsig);
my $sigact = POSIX::SigAction->new($handler, $sigset, $flags);
sigaction($rtsig, $sigact);
}
The flags default to zero, if you want something different you can either
use "local" on $POSIX::SigRt::SIGACTION_FLAGS, or you can derive
from POSIX::SigRt and define your own "new()" (the tied hash
STORE method of the %SIGRT calls "new($rtsig, $handler,
$SIGACTION_FLAGS)", where the $rtsig ranges from zero to SIGRTMAX -
SIGRTMIN + 1).
Just as with any signal, you can use sigaction($rtsig, undef, $oa) to
retrieve the installed signal handler (or, rather, the signal action).
NOTE: whether POSIX realtime signals really work in your system, or
whether Perl has been compiled so that it works with them, is outside of
this discussion.
- SIGRTMIN
- Return the minimum POSIX realtime signal number available,
or "undef" if no POSIX realtime signals are available.
- SIGRTMAX
- Return the maximum POSIX realtime signal number available,
or "undef" if no POSIX realtime signals are available.
POSIX::SigSet¶
- new
- Create a new SigSet object. This object will be destroyed
automatically when it is no longer needed. Arguments may be supplied to
initialize the set.
Create an empty set.
$sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new;
Create a set with SIGUSR1.
$sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 );
- addset
- Add a signal to a SigSet object.
$sigset->addset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );
Returns "undef" on failure.
- delset
- Remove a signal from the SigSet object.
$sigset->delset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );
Returns "undef" on failure.
- emptyset
- Initialize the SigSet object to be empty.
$sigset->emptyset();
Returns "undef" on failure.
- fillset
- Initialize the SigSet object to include all signals.
$sigset->fillset();
Returns "undef" on failure.
- ismember
- Tests the SigSet object to see if it contains a specific
signal.
if( $sigset->ismember( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 ) ){
print "contains SIGUSR1\n";
}
POSIX::Termios¶
- new
- Create a new Termios object. This object will be destroyed
automatically when it is no longer needed. A Termios object corresponds to
the termios C struct. new() mallocs a new one, getattr()
fills it from a file descriptor, and setattr() sets a file
descriptor's parameters to match Termios' contents.
$termios = POSIX::Termios->new;
- getattr
- Get terminal control attributes.
Obtain the attributes for stdin.
$termios->getattr( 0 ) # Recommended for clarity.
$termios->getattr()
Obtain the attributes for stdout.
$termios->getattr( 1 )
Returns "undef" on failure.
- getcc
- Retrieve a value from the c_cc field of a termios object.
The c_cc field is an array so an index must be specified.
$c_cc[1] = $termios->getcc(1);
- getcflag
- Retrieve the c_cflag field of a termios object.
$c_cflag = $termios->getcflag;
- getiflag
- Retrieve the c_iflag field of a termios object.
$c_iflag = $termios->getiflag;
- getispeed
- Retrieve the input baud rate.
$ispeed = $termios->getispeed;
- getlflag
- Retrieve the c_lflag field of a termios object.
$c_lflag = $termios->getlflag;
- getoflag
- Retrieve the c_oflag field of a termios object.
$c_oflag = $termios->getoflag;
- getospeed
- Retrieve the output baud rate.
$ospeed = $termios->getospeed;
- setattr
- Set terminal control attributes.
Set attributes immediately for stdout.
$termios->setattr( 1, &POSIX::TCSANOW );
Returns "undef" on failure.
- setcc
- Set a value in the c_cc field of a termios object. The c_cc
field is an array so an index must be specified.
$termios->setcc( &POSIX::VEOF, 1 );
- setcflag
- Set the c_cflag field of a termios object.
$termios->setcflag( $c_cflag | &POSIX::CLOCAL );
- setiflag
- Set the c_iflag field of a termios object.
$termios->setiflag( $c_iflag | &POSIX::BRKINT );
- setispeed
- Set the input baud rate.
$termios->setispeed( &POSIX::B9600 );
Returns "undef" on failure.
- setlflag
- Set the c_lflag field of a termios object.
$termios->setlflag( $c_lflag | &POSIX::ECHO );
- setoflag
- Set the c_oflag field of a termios object.
$termios->setoflag( $c_oflag | &POSIX::OPOST );
- setospeed
- Set the output baud rate.
$termios->setospeed( &POSIX::B9600 );
Returns "undef" on failure.
- Baud rate values
- B38400 B75 B200 B134 B300 B1800 B150 B0 B19200 B1200 B9600
B600 B4800 B50 B2400 B110
- Terminal interface values
- TCSADRAIN TCSANOW TCOON TCIOFLUSH TCOFLUSH TCION TCIFLUSH
TCSAFLUSH TCIOFF TCOOFF
- c_cc field values
- VEOF VEOL VERASE VINTR VKILL VQUIT VSUSP VSTART VSTOP VMIN
VTIME NCCS
- c_cflag field values
- CLOCAL CREAD CSIZE CS5 CS6 CS7 CS8 CSTOPB HUPCL PARENB
PARODD
- c_iflag field values
- BRKINT ICRNL IGNBRK IGNCR IGNPAR INLCR INPCK ISTRIP IXOFF
IXON PARMRK
- c_lflag field values
- ECHO ECHOE ECHOK ECHONL ICANON IEXTEN ISIG NOFLSH
TOSTOP
- c_oflag field values
- OPOST
PATHNAME CONSTANTS¶
- Constants
- _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED _PC_LINK_MAX _PC_MAX_CANON
_PC_MAX_INPUT _PC_NAME_MAX _PC_NO_TRUNC _PC_PATH_MAX _PC_PIPE_BUF
_PC_VDISABLE
POSIX CONSTANTS¶
- Constants
- _POSIX_ARG_MAX _POSIX_CHILD_MAX _POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED
_POSIX_JOB_CONTROL _POSIX_LINK_MAX _POSIX_MAX_CANON _POSIX_MAX_INPUT
_POSIX_NAME_MAX _POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX _POSIX_NO_TRUNC _POSIX_OPEN_MAX
_POSIX_PATH_MAX _POSIX_PIPE_BUF _POSIX_SAVED_IDS _POSIX_SSIZE_MAX
_POSIX_STREAM_MAX _POSIX_TZNAME_MAX _POSIX_VDISABLE _POSIX_VERSION
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION¶
- Constants
- _SC_ARG_MAX _SC_CHILD_MAX _SC_CLK_TCK _SC_JOB_CONTROL
_SC_NGROUPS_MAX _SC_OPEN_MAX _SC_PAGESIZE _SC_SAVED_IDS _SC_STREAM_MAX
_SC_TZNAME_MAX _SC_VERSION
ERRNO¶
- Constants
- E2BIG EACCES EADDRINUSE EADDRNOTAVAIL EAFNOSUPPORT EAGAIN
EALREADY EBADF EBUSY ECHILD ECONNABORTED ECONNREFUSED ECONNRESET EDEADLK
EDESTADDRREQ EDOM EDQUOT EEXIST EFAULT EFBIG EHOSTDOWN EHOSTUNREACH
EINPROGRESS EINTR EINVAL EIO EISCONN EISDIR ELOOP EMFILE EMLINK EMSGSIZE
ENAMETOOLONG ENETDOWN ENETRESET ENETUNREACH ENFILE ENOBUFS ENODEV ENOENT
ENOEXEC ENOLCK ENOMEM ENOPROTOOPT ENOSPC ENOSYS ENOTBLK ENOTCONN ENOTDIR
ENOTEMPTY ENOTSOCK ENOTTY ENXIO EOPNOTSUPP EPERM EPFNOSUPPORT EPIPE
EPROCLIM EPROTONOSUPPORT EPROTOTYPE ERANGE EREMOTE ERESTART EROFS
ESHUTDOWN ESOCKTNOSUPPORT ESPIPE ESRCH ESTALE ETIMEDOUT ETOOMANYREFS
ETXTBSY EUSERS EWOULDBLOCK EXDEV
FCNTL¶
- Constants
- FD_CLOEXEC F_DUPFD F_GETFD F_GETFL F_GETLK F_OK F_RDLCK
F_SETFD F_SETFL F_SETLK F_SETLKW F_UNLCK F_WRLCK O_ACCMODE O_APPEND
O_CREAT O_EXCL O_NOCTTY O_NONBLOCK O_RDONLY O_RDWR O_TRUNC O_WRONLY
FLOAT¶
- Constants
- DBL_DIG DBL_EPSILON DBL_MANT_DIG DBL_MAX DBL_MAX_10_EXP
DBL_MAX_EXP DBL_MIN DBL_MIN_10_EXP DBL_MIN_EXP FLT_DIG FLT_EPSILON
FLT_MANT_DIG FLT_MAX FLT_MAX_10_EXP FLT_MAX_EXP FLT_MIN FLT_MIN_10_EXP
FLT_MIN_EXP FLT_RADIX FLT_ROUNDS LDBL_DIG LDBL_EPSILON LDBL_MANT_DIG
LDBL_MAX LDBL_MAX_10_EXP LDBL_MAX_EXP LDBL_MIN LDBL_MIN_10_EXP
LDBL_MIN_EXP
LIMITS¶
- Constants
- ARG_MAX CHAR_BIT CHAR_MAX CHAR_MIN CHILD_MAX INT_MAX
INT_MIN LINK_MAX LONG_MAX LONG_MIN MAX_CANON MAX_INPUT MB_LEN_MAX NAME_MAX
NGROUPS_MAX OPEN_MAX PATH_MAX PIPE_BUF SCHAR_MAX SCHAR_MIN SHRT_MAX
SHRT_MIN SSIZE_MAX STREAM_MAX TZNAME_MAX UCHAR_MAX UINT_MAX ULONG_MAX
USHRT_MAX
LOCALE¶
- Constants
- LC_ALL LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_MONETARY LC_NUMERIC
LC_TIME
MATH¶
- Constants
- HUGE_VAL
SIGNAL¶
- Constants
- SA_NOCLDSTOP SA_NOCLDWAIT SA_NODEFER SA_ONSTACK
SA_RESETHAND SA_RESTART SA_SIGINFO SIGABRT SIGALRM SIGCHLD SIGCONT SIGFPE
SIGHUP SIGILL SIGINT SIGKILL SIGPIPE SIGQUIT SIGSEGV SIGSTOP SIGTERM
SIGTSTP SIGTTIN SIGTTOU SIGUSR1 SIGUSR2 SIG_BLOCK SIG_DFL SIG_ERR SIG_IGN
SIG_SETMASK SIG_UNBLOCK
STAT¶
- Constants
- S_IRGRP S_IROTH S_IRUSR S_IRWXG S_IRWXO S_IRWXU S_ISGID
S_ISUID S_IWGRP S_IWOTH S_IWUSR S_IXGRP S_IXOTH S_IXUSR
- Macros
- S_ISBLK S_ISCHR S_ISDIR S_ISFIFO S_ISREG
STDLIB¶
- Constants
- EXIT_FAILURE EXIT_SUCCESS MB_CUR_MAX RAND_MAX
STDIO¶
- Constants
- BUFSIZ EOF FILENAME_MAX L_ctermid L_cuserid L_tmpname
TMP_MAX
TIME¶
- Constants
- CLK_TCK CLOCKS_PER_SEC
UNISTD¶
- Constants
- R_OK SEEK_CUR SEEK_END SEEK_SET STDIN_FILENO STDOUT_FILENO
STDERR_FILENO W_OK X_OK
WAIT¶
- Constants
- WNOHANG WUNTRACED
- WNOHANG
- Do not suspend the calling process until a child process
changes state but instead return immediately.
- WUNTRACED
- Catch stopped child processes.
- Macros
- WIFEXITED WEXITSTATUS WIFSIGNALED WTERMSIG WIFSTOPPED
WSTOPSIG
- WIFEXITED
- WIFEXITED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}) returns true if the child
process exited normally ("exit()" or by falling off the end of
"main()")
- WEXITSTATUS
- WEXITSTATUS(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}) returns the normal exit
status of the child process (only meaningful if
WIFEXITED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}) is true)
- WIFSIGNALED
- WIFSIGNALED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}) returns true if the
child process terminated because of a signal
- WTERMSIG
- WTERMSIG(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}) returns the signal the
child process terminated for (only meaningful if
WIFSIGNALED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}) is true)
- WIFSTOPPED
- WIFSTOPPED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}) returns true if the
child process is currently stopped (can happen only if you specified the
WUNTRACED flag to waitpid())
- WSTOPSIG
- WSTOPSIG(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}) returns the signal the
child process was stopped for (only meaningful if
WIFSTOPPED(${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}) is true)