NAME¶
oping - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
SYNOPSIS¶
oping [
-4 |
-6] [
-c count] [
-i
interval]
host [
host [
host ...]]
oping [
-4 |
-6] [
-c count] [
-i
interval]
-f filename
noping [
-4 |
-6] [
-c count] [
-i
interval]
host [
host [
host ...]]
noping [
-4 |
-6] [
-c count] [
-i
interval]
-f filename
DESCRIPTION¶
oping uses ICMPv4 or ICMPv6 ECHO_REQUEST packets to measure a hosts
reachability and the network latency. In contrast to the original
ping(8) utility
oping can send ICMP packets to multiple hosts in
parallel and wait for all ECHO_RESPONSE packets to arrive. In contrast to the
fping utility (URL is listed in "SEE ALSO")
oping can
use both, IPv4 and IPv6 transparently and side by side.
noping is an ncurses-based front-end to
liboping which displays
ping statistics online and highlights aberrant round-trip times if the
terminal supports colors.
OPTIONS¶
- -4
- Force the use of IPv4.
- -6
- Force the use of IPv6.
- -c count
- Send (and receive) count ICMP packets, then stop and
exit.
- -i interval
- Send one ICMP packet (per host) each interval
seconds. This can be a floating-point number to specify sub-second
precision.
- -t ttl
- Set the IP Time to Live to ttl. This must be a
number between (and including) 1 and 255. If omitted, the value
64 is used.
- -I address
- Set the source address to use. You may either specify an IP
number or a hostname. You cannot pass the interface name, as you
can with GNU's ping(8) - use the -D option for that
purpose.
- -D interface name
- Set the outgoing network device to use.
- -f filename
- Instead of specifying hostnames on the command line, read
them from filename. If filename is -, read from
"STDIN".
If oping is installed with the SetUID-bit, it will set the effective
UID to the real UID before opening the file. In the special (but common)
case that oping is owned by the super-user (UID 0), this means
that privileges are temporarily dropped before opening the file, in order
to prevent users from reading arbitrary files on the system.
If your system doesn't provide saved set-user IDs (this was an
optional feature before POSIX 2001), the behavior is different
because it is not possible to temporarily drop privileges. The
alternative behavior is: If the real user ID (as returned by
getuid(2)) and the effective user ID (as returned by
geteuid(2)) differ, the only argument allowed for this option is
"-" (i.e. standard input).
- -Q qos
- Specify the Quality of Service (QoS) for outgoing
packets. This is a somewhat tricky option, since the meaning of the bits
in the IPv4 header has been revised several times.
The currently recommended method is Differentiated Services which is
used in IPv6 headers as well. There are shortcuts for various predefined
per-hop behaviors (PHBs):
- be
- Selects the Best Effort behavior. This is the
default behavior.
- ef
- Selects the Expedited Forwarding (EF) per-hop
behavior, as defined in RFC 3246. This PHB is characterised by
low delay, low loss and low jitter, i.e. high priority traffic.
- va
- Selects the Voice Admitted (VA) per-hop behavior, as
defined in RFC 5865. This traffic class is meant for Voice
over IP (VoIP) traffic which uses Call Admission Control (CAC)
for reserving network capacity.
- afcp
- Selects one of 12 differentiated services code points
(DSCPs), which are organized in four classes with three
priorities each. Therefore, c must be a number
between 1 through 4 and p must be a number between 1
through 3, for example "af13", "af22" and
"af41". In each class, the lower priority number takes
precedence over the higher priority number.
- csn
- Selects one of the eight Class Selector PHBs.
n is a number between 0 through 7. The class selectors
have been defined to be compatible to the Precedence field in the
IPv4 header as defined in RFC 791. Please note that
"cs0" is synonymous to "be".
The old definition of the same bits in the IPv4 header was as
Type of
Service (ToS) field, specified in
RFC 1349. It defined four
possible values which have appropriate aliases. Please note that this use of
the bits is
deprecated and the meaning is limited to IPv4!
- lowdelay
- Minimize delay
- throughput
- Maximize throughput
- reliability
- Maximize reliability
- mincost
- Minimize monetary cost
Alternatively, you can also specify the byte manually. You can use either a
decimal number (0-255), a hexadecimal number (0x00-0xff) or an octal number
(00-0377) using the usual "0x" and "0" prefixes for
hexadecimal and octal respectively.
The printed lines will contain information about the QoS field of received
packets if either a non-standard QoS setting was used on outgoing packets or
if the QoS byte of incoming packets is not zero. In other words, the QoS
information is omitted if both, the outgoing and the incoming QoS bytes are
zero. The received byte is always interpreted as
Differentiated Services
Code Point (DSCP) and
Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN), even
if the deprecated
Type of Service (ToS) aliases were used to specify
the bits of outgoing packets.
- -Z percent
- If any hosts have a drop rate higher than percent,
where percent is a number between zero and 100 inclusively, exit
with a non-zero exit status. Since it is not possible to have a higher
drop rate than 100%, passing this limit will effectively disable the
feature (the default). Setting the option to zero means that the exit
status will only be zero if all replies for all hosts have
been received.
The exit status will indicate the number of hosts with more than
percent packets lost, up to a number of 255 failing hosts.
COLORS¶
If supported by the terminal,
noping will highlight the round-trip times
(RTT) using the colors green, yellow and red. Green signals RTTs that are in
the "expected" range, yellow marks moderately unusual times and
times that differ a lot from the expected value are printed in red.
The information used to categorize round-trip times is the
average
round-trip time and the
standard deviation. RTTs that differ from the
average by less than the standard deviation are considered to be
"normal" and are printed in green. Times that differ from the
average more than the standard deviation but less than twice the standard
deviation are considered "moderately unusual" and are printed in
yellow. Times differing more than twice the standard deviation from the
average are considered to be "unusual" and are printed in red.
SEE ALSO¶
ping(8), <
http://www.fping.com/>,
liboping(3)
AUTHOR¶
liboping is written by Florian "octo" Forster <ff at octo.it>.
Its homepage can be found at <
http://verplant.org/liboping/>.
Copyright (c) 2005-2011 by Florian "octo" Forster.