NAME¶
ppmchange - change all pixels of one color to another in a portable pixmap
SYNOPSIS¶
ppmchange [
-closeness closeness_percent ] [
-remainder
remainder_color ] [
oldcolor newcolor ] ... [
ppmfile]
DESCRIPTION¶
Reads a portable pixmap as input. Changes all pixels of
oldcolor to
newcolor. You may specify up to 256 oldcolor/newcolor pairs on the
command line.
ppmchange leaves all colors not mentioned unchanged,
unless you specify the
-remainder option, in which case they are all
changed to the single specified color.
You can specify that colors similar, but not identical, to the ones you specify
get replaced by specifying a "closeness" factor.
The colors can be specified in five ways:
- o
- A name, assuming that a pointer to an X11-style color names
file was compiled in.
- o
- An X11-style hexadecimal specifier: rgb:r/g/b, where r g
and b are each 1- to 4-digit hexadecimal numbers.
- o
- An X11-style decimal specifier: rgbi:r/g/b, where r g and b
are floating point numbers between 0 and 1.
- o
- For backwards compatibility, an old-X11-style hexadecimal
number: #rgb, #rrggbb, #rrrgggbbb, or #rrrrggggbbbb.
- o
- For backwards compatibility, a triplet of numbers separated
by commas: r,g,b, where r g and b are floating point numbers between 0 and
1. (This style was added before MIT came up with the similar rgbi style.)
If a pixel matches two different oldcolors, ppmchange replaces
it with the newcolor of the leftmost specified one.
OPTIONS¶
- -closeness closeness_percent
- closeness is an integer per centage indicating how
close to the color you specified a pixel must be to get replaced. By
default, it is 0, which means the pixel must be the exact color you
specified.
A pixel gets replaced if the distance in color between it and the color you
specified is less than or equal to closeness.
The "distance" in color is defined as the cartesian sum of the
individual differences in red, green, and blue intensities between the two
pixels, normalized so that the difference between black and white is 100%.
This is probably simpler than what you want most the time. You probably
would like to change colors that have similar chrominance, regardless of
their intensity. So if there's a red barn that is variously shadowed, you
want the entire barn changed. But because the shadowing significantly
changes the color according to ppmchange's distance formula, parts
of the barn are probably about as distant in color from other parts of the
barn as they are from green grass next to the barn.
Maybe ppmchange will be enhanced some day to do chrominance analysis.
- -remainder color
- ppmchange changes all pixels which are not of a
color for which you specify an explicit replacement color on the command
line to color color.
An example application of this is
ppmchange -remainder=black red red
to lift only the red portions from an image, or
ppmchange -remainder=black red white | ppmtopgm
to create a mask file for the red portions of the image.
SEE ALSO¶
pgmtoppm(1),
ppmcolormask(1),
ppm(5)
AUTHOR¶
Wilson H. Bent. Jr. (whb@usc.edu) with modifications by Alberto Accomazzi
(alberto@cfa.harvard.edu)