NAME¶
add_wch,
wadd_wch,
mvadd_wch,
mvwadd_wch,
echo_wchar,
wecho_wchar - add a complex character and rendition
to a
curses window, then advance the cursor
SYNOPSIS¶
#include <curses.h>
int add_wch( const cchar_t *wch );
int wadd_wch( WINDOW *win, const cchar_t *wch );
int mvadd_wch( int y, int x, const cchar_t *wch
);
int mvwadd_wch( WINDOW *win, int y, int x, const cchar_t
* wch );
int echo_wchar( const cchar_t *wch );
int wecho_wchar( WINDOW *win, const cchar_t *wch );
DESCRIPTION¶
The
add_wch,
wadd_wch,
mvadd_wch, and
mvwadd_wch
functions put the complex character
wch into the given window at its
current position, which is then advanced. These functions perform wrapping and
special-character processing as follows:
- •
- If wch refers to a spacing character, then any
previous character at that location is removed. A new character specified
by wch is placed at that location with rendition specified by
wch. The cursor then advances to the next spacing character on the
screen.
- •
- If wch refers to a non-spacing character, all
previous characters at that location are preserved. The non-spacing
characters of wch are added to the spacing complex character, and
the rendition specified by wch is ignored.
- •
- If the character part of wch is a tab, newline,
backspace or other control character, the window is updated and the cursor
moves as if addch were called.
The
echo_wchar function is functionally equivalent to a call to
add_wch followed by a call to
refresh. Similarly, the
wecho_wchar is functionally equivalent to a call to
wadd_wch
followed by a call to
wrefresh. The knowledge that only a single
character is being output is taken into consideration and, for non-control
characters, a considerable performance gain might be seen by using the *
echo* functions instead of their equivalents.
Line Graphics¶
Like
addch(3X),
addch_wch accepts symbols which make it simple to
draw lines and other frequently used special characters. These symbols
correspond to the same VT100 line-drawing set as
addch(3X).
Name |
Unicode |
Default |
Description |
|
WACS_BLOCK |
0x25ae |
# |
solid square block |
WACS_BOARD |
0x2592 |
# |
board of squares |
WACS_BTEE |
0x2534 |
+ |
bottom tee |
WACS_BULLET |
0x00b7 |
o |
bullet |
WACS_CKBOARD |
0x2592 |
: |
checker board (stipple) |
WACS_DARROW |
0x2193 |
v |
arrow pointing down |
WACS_DEGREE |
0x00b0 |
' |
degree symbol |
WACS_DIAMOND |
0x25c6 |
+ |
diamond |
WACS_GEQUAL |
0x2265 |
> |
greater-than-or-equal-to |
WACS_HLINE |
0x2500 |
- |
horizontal line |
WACS_LANTERN |
0x2603 |
# |
lantern symbol |
WACS_LARROW |
0x2190 |
< |
arrow pointing left |
WACS_LEQUAL |
0x2264 |
< |
less-than-or-equal-to |
WACS_LLCORNER |
0x2514 |
+ |
lower left-hand corner |
WACS_LRCORNER |
0x2518 |
+ |
lower right-hand corner |
WACS_LTEE |
0x2524 |
+ |
left tee |
WACS_NEQUAL |
0x2260 |
! |
not-equal |
WACS_PI |
0x03c0 |
* |
greek pi |
WACS_PLMINUS |
0x00b1 |
# |
plus/minus |
WACS_PLUS |
0x253c |
+ |
plus |
WACS_RARROW |
0x2192 |
> |
arrow pointing right |
WACS_RTEE |
0x251c |
+ |
right tee |
WACS_S1 |
0x23ba |
- |
scan line 1 |
WACS_S3 |
0x23bb |
- |
scan line 3 |
WACS_S7 |
0x23bc |
- |
scan line 7 |
WACS_S9 |
0x23bd |
_ |
scan line 9 |
WACS_STERLING |
0x00a3 |
f |
pound-sterling symbol |
WACS_TTEE |
0x252c |
+ |
top tee |
WACS_UARROW |
0x2191 |
^ |
arrow pointing up |
WACS_ULCORNER |
0x250c |
+ |
upper left-hand corner |
WACS_URCORNER |
0x2510 |
+ |
upper right-hand corner |
WACS_VLINE |
0x2502 |
| |
vertical line |
The wide-character configuration of ncurses also defines symbols for thick- and
double-lines:
Name |
Unicode |
Default |
Description |
|
WACS_T_ULCORNER |
0x250f |
+ |
thick upper left corner |
WACS_T_LLCORNER |
0x2517 |
+ |
thick lower left corner |
WACS_T_URCORNER |
0x2513 |
+ |
thick upper right corner |
WACS_T_LRCORNER |
0x251b |
+ |
thick lower right corner |
WACS_T_LTEE |
0x252b |
+ |
thick tee pointing right |
WACS_T_RTEE |
0x2523 |
+ |
thick tee pointing left |
WACS_T_BTEE |
0x253b |
+ |
thick tee pointing up |
WACS_T_TTEE |
0x2533 |
+ |
thick tee pointing down |
WACS_T_HLINE |
0x2501 |
- |
thick horizontal line |
WACS_T_VLINE |
0x2503 |
| |
thick vertical line |
WACS_T_PLUS |
0x254b |
+ |
thick large plus or crossover |
WACS_D_ULCORNER |
0x2554 |
+ |
double upper left corner |
WACS_D_LLCORNER |
0x255a |
+ |
double lower left corner |
WACS_D_URCORNER |
0x2557 |
+ |
double upper right corner |
WACS_D_LRCORNER |
0x255d |
+ |
double lower right corner |
WACS_D_RTEE |
0x2563 |
+ |
double tee pointing left |
WACS_D_LTEE |
0x2560 |
+ |
double tee pointing right |
WACS_D_BTEE |
0x2569 |
+ |
double tee pointing up |
WACS_D_TTEE |
0x2566 |
+ |
double tee pointing down |
WACS_D_HLINE |
0x2550 |
- |
double horizontal line |
WACS_D_VLINE |
0x2551 |
| |
double vertical line |
WACS_D_PLUS |
0x256c |
+ |
double large plus or crossover |
RETURN VALUES¶
All routines return the integer
ERR upon failure and
OK on
success.
Functions with a "mv" prefix first perform a cursor movement using
wmove, and return an error if the position is outside the window, or if
the window pointer is null.
NOTES¶
Note that
add_wch,
mvadd_wch,
mvwadd_wch, and
echo_wchar may be macros.
PORTABILITY¶
All of these functions are described in the XSI Curses standard, Issue 4. The
defaults specified for line-drawing characters apply in the POSIX locale.
X/Open Curses makes it clear that the WACS_ symbols should be defined as a
pointer to
cchar_t data, e.g., in the discussion of
border_set.
A few implementations are problematic:
- •
- NetBSD curses defines the symbols as a wchar_t
within a cchar_t.
- •
- HPUX curses equates some of the ACS_ symbols to the
analogous WACS_ symbols as if the ACS_ symbols were wide
characters. The misdefined symbols are the arrows and other symbols which
are not used for line-drawing.
X/Open Curses does not define symbols for thick- or double-lines. SVr4 curses
implementations defined their line-drawing symbols in terms of intermediate
symbols. This implementation extends those symbols, providing new definitions
which are not in the SVr4 implementations.
SEE ALSO¶
ncurses(3NCURSES),
addch(3NCURSES),
attr(3NCURSES),
clear(3NCURSES),
outopts(3NCURSES),
refresh(3NCURSES),
putwc(3)