NAME¶
pscoupe - Plot cross-sections of focal mechanisms.
SYNOPSIS¶
pscoupe files -Jparameters
-Rwest/
east/
south/
north[
r]
-A parameters [
-B[
p|
s]
parameters ]
[
-Efill ] [
-Gfill ] [
-H[
i][
nrec] ] [
-K ] [
-L[pen] ] [
-M ] [
-N ] [
-O ] [
-P ] [
-S<format><scale>[/
d] ] [
-s<symbol><size>[/
d] ] [
-Tn ]
[
-U[
just/
dx/
dy/][
c|
label] ] [
-V ] [
-Wpen ] [
-X[
a|
c|
r][
x-shift[
u]] ] [
-Y[
a|
c|
r][
y-shift[
u]] ] [
-Zcpt ] [
-a[
size/[
P_symbol/[
T_symbol]]] ] [
-gfill ] [
-efill ] [
-ppen ] [
-t pen ] [
-:[
i|
o] ] [
-ccopies ]
DESCRIPTION¶
pscoupe reads data values from
files [or standard input] and
generates
PostScript code that will plot symbols, lines or polygons on
a cross-section. Focal mechanisms may be specified and require additional
columns of data. The
PostScript code is written to standard output.
files list one or more file-names. If no files are given,
pscoupe
will read standard input.
A
new file is created with the new coordinates (
x,
y) and
the mechanism (from lower focal half-sphere for horizontal plane, to
half-sphere behind a vertical plane). When the plane is not horizontal, -
north direction becomes upwards steepest descent direction of the plane (u) -
east direction becomes strike direction of the plane (s) - down direction (=
north^east) becomes u^s
Axis angles are defined in the same way as in horizontal plane in the new
system.
Moment tensor (initially in r, t, f system that is up, south, east) is defined
in (-u^s, -u, s) system. A
file is created with extracted events.
- -J
- Selects the map projection. Scale is UNIT/degree, 1:xxxxx,
or width in UNIT (upper case modifier). UNIT is cm, inch, or m, depending
on the MEASURE_UNIT setting in .gmtdefaults4, but this can be
overridden on the command line by appending c, i, or
m to the scale/width value. When central meridian is optional,
default is center of longitude range on -R option. Default standard
parallel is the equator. For map height, max dimension, or min dimension,
append h, +, or - to the width, respectively.
More details can be found in the psbasemap man pages.
CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS:
-Jclon0/lat0/scale (Cassini)
-Jcyl_stere/[lon0/[lat0/]]scale (Cylindrical
Stereographic)
-Jj[lon0/]scale (Miller)
-Jm[lon0/[lat0/]]scale (Mercator)
-Jmlon0/lat0/scale (Mercator - Give meridian and standard
parallel)
-Jo[a]lon0/lat0/azimuth/scale (Oblique Mercator -
point and azimuth)
-Jo[b]lon0/lat0/lon1/lat1/scale (Oblique Mercator -
two points)
-Joclon0/lat0/lonp/latp/scale (Oblique Mercator - point and
pole)
-Jq[lon0/[lat0/]]scale (Cylindrical
Equidistant)
-Jtlon0/[lat0/]scale (TM - Transverse Mercator)
-Juzone/scale (UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator)
-Jy[lon0/[lat0/]]scale (Cylindrical Equal-Area)
CONIC PROJECTIONS:
-Jblon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Albers)
-Jdlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Conic Equidistant)
-Jllon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Lambert Conic Conformal)
-Jpoly/[lon0/[lat0/]]scale ((American)
Polyconic)
AZIMUTHAL PROJECTIONS:
-Jalon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (Lambert Azimuthal
Equal-Area)
-Jelon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (Azimuthal
Equidistant)
-Jflon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (Gnomonic)
-Jglon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (Orthographic)
-Jglon0/lat0/altitude/azimuth/tilt/twist/Width/Height/scale
(General Perspective).
-Jslon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale (General
Stereographic)
MISCELLANEOUS PROJECTIONS:
-Jh[lon0/]scale (Hammer)
-Ji[lon0/]scale (Sinusoidal)
-Jkf[lon0/]scale (Eckert IV)
-Jk[s][lon0/]scale (Eckert VI)
-Jn[lon0/]scale (Robinson)
-Jr[lon0/]scale (Winkel Tripel)
-Jv[lon0/]scale (Van der Grinten)
-Jw[lon0/]scale (Mollweide)
NON-GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTIONS:
-Jp[a]scale[/origin][r|z] (Polar
coordinates (theta,r))
-Jxx-scale[d|l|ppow|t|T][
/y-scale[d|l|ppow|t|T]]
(Linear, log, and power scaling)
- -R
- west, east, south, and north specify the
Region of interest, and you may specify them in decimal degrees or in
[+-]dd:mm[:ss.xxx][W|E|S|N] format. Append r if lower left and
upper right map coordinates are given instead of w/e/s/n. The two
shorthands -Rg and -Rd stand for global domain (0/360 and
-180/+180 in longitude respectively, with -90/+90 in latitude).
Alternatively, specify the name of an existing grid file and the -R
settings (and grid spacing, if applicable) are copied from the grid. If
frame is defined from cross-section parameters (see -A) this option
is not taken into account, but must be present.
- -A selects the cross-section.
-
-Aalon1/lat1/lon2/lat2/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
lon and lat are the longitude and latitude of points 1 and 2
limiting the length of the cross-section.
dip is the dip of the plane on which the cross-section is made.
p_width is the width of the cross-section on each side of a vertical
plane or above and under an oblique plane.
dmin and dmax are the distances min and max from horizontal
plane, along steepest descent direction.
Add f to get the frame from the cross-section parameters.
-Ablon1/lat1/strike/p_length/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
lon1 and lat1 are the longitude and latitude of the beginning
of the cross-section.
strike is the azimuth of the direction of the cross-section.
p_length is the length along which the cross-section is made.
The other parameters are the same as for -Aa option.
-Acx1/y1/x2/y2/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
The same as -Aa option with x and y cartesian
coordinates.
-Adx1/y1/strike/p_length/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
The same as -Ab option with x and y cartesian
coordinates.
- -S
- selects the meaning of the columns in the data file and the
figure to be plotted.
- -Sascale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
- Focal mechanisms in Aki and Richards convention.
scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach
ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude. The scale
is the size for magnitude = 5 in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c,
i, m, or p is appended to indicate that the size
information is in units of cm, inches, meters, or points, respectively).
Use the -T option to render the beach ball transparent by drawing
only the nodal planes and the circumference. The color or shade of the
compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The
color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the
-E option. Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:
- longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges
order)
- depth of event in kilometers
- strike, dip and rake
- magnitude
- not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file
format
- text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or
under (add u).
-
- -Scscale
- Focal mechanisms in Harvard CMT convention. scale
adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which
will be proportional to the magnitude. The scale is the size for
magnitude = 5 (that is M0 = 4E+23 dynes-cm.) in MEASURE_UNIT
(unless c, i, m, or p is appended to indicate
that the size information is in units of cm, inches, meters, or points,
respectively). Use the -T option to render the beach ball
transparent by drawing only the nodal planes and the circumference. The
color or shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified with the
-G option. The color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be
specified with the -E option. Parameters are expected to be in the
following columns:
- longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges
order)
- depth of event in kilometers
- strike, dip, and slip of plane 1
- strike, dip, and slip of plane 2
- mantissa and exponent of moment in dyne-cm (if magnitude is
uses instead of scalar moment, magnitude is in column 10 and 0 must be in
column 11)
- not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file
format
- text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or
under (add u).
-
- -Spscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
- Focal mechanisms given with partial data on both planes.
scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach
ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude. The scale
is the size for magnitude = 5 in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c,
i, m, or p is appended to indicate that the size
information is in units of cm, inches, meters, or points, respectively).
The color or shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified with the
-G option. The color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be
specified with the -E option. Parameters are expected to be in the
following columns:
- longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges
order)
- depth
- strike, dip of plane 1
- strike of plane 2
- must be -1/+1 for a normal/inverse fault
- magnitude
- not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file
format
- text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or
under (add u).
-
- -Sm|d|zscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
- Seismic moment tensor (Harvard CMT, with zero trace).
scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach
ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude. The scale
is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is seismic scalar moment = 4E+23
dynes-cm) in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or
p is appended to indicate that the size information is in units of
cm, inches, meters, or points, respectively). ( -T0 option
overlays best double couple transparently.) Put
-Sdscale[/fontsize[/offset[ u]]] to plot the only
double couple part of moment tensor. Put
-Szscale[/fontsize[/offset[ u]]] to plot anisotropic
part of moment tensor (zero trace). The color or shade of the compressive
quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The color or shade
of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option.
Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:
- longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges
order)
- depth of event in kilometers
- mrr, mtt, mff, mrt, mrf, mtf in 10*exponent dynes-cm
- exponent
- Not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file
format
- Text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or
under (add u).
-
- -Sxscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
- Principal axis. scale adjusts the scaling of the
radius of the "beach ball", which will be proportional to the
magnitude. The scale is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is seismic
scalar moment = 4*10e+23 dynes-cm) in MEASURE_UNIT (unless
c, i, m, or p is appended to indicate that the
size information is in units of cm, inches, meters, or points,
respectively). ( -T0 option overlays best double couple
transparently.) Put -Syscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
to plot the only double couple part of moment tensor. Put
-Stscale[/fontsize[/offset[ u]]] to plot anisotropic
part of moment tensor (zero trace). The color or shade of the compressive
quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The color or shade
of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option.
Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:
- longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges
order)
- depth of event in kilometers
- value (in 10*exponent dynes-cm), azimuth, plunge of the T,
N, and P axes.
- exponent
- longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries
in these
- columns are necessary with the -C option. Using 0,0
in columns 9 and 10 will plot the beach ball at the longitude, latitude
given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the order
of columns (1,2) and (9,10).
- Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
-
- -ssymbol[size[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
- selects a symbol instead of mechanism. Choose from the
following: ( c) circle, (d) diamond, (i) itriangle,
(s) square, (t) triangle, (x) cross. size is
the symbol size in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i,
m, or p is appended to indicate that the size information is
in units of cm, inches, meters, or points, respectively). If size
must be read, it must be in column 4 and the text string will start in
column 5. Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:
- longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges
order)
- depth of event in kilometers
- Text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or
under (add u).
-
OPTIONS¶
No space between the option flag and the associated arguments.
- -B
- Sets map boundary annotation and tickmark intervals; see
the psbasemap man page for all the details.
- -Efill
- Selects filling of extensive quadrants. Usually white. Set
the shade (0-255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is 255/255/255].
- -Gfill
- Selects filling of focal mechanisms. By convention, the
compressional quadrants are shaded. Set the shade (0-255) or color (
r/g/b) [Default is 0/0/0]. Optionally, specify
-Gpicon_size/pattern, where pattern gives the number
of the image pattern (1-90) OR the name of a Sun rasterfile.
icon_size sets the unit size in inches. To invert black and white
pixels, use -GP instead of -Gp. See Appendix E for
information on individual patterns.
- -H
- Input file(s) has header record(s). If used, the default
number of header records is N_HEADER_RECS. Use -Hi if only
input data should have header records [Default will write out header
records if the input data have them]. Blank lines and lines starting with
# are always skipped.
- -K
- More PostScript code will be appended later [Default
terminates the plot system].
- -L[pen]
- Draws the "beach ball" outline using current pen
(see -W) or sets pen attributes.
- -M
- Same size for any magnitude.
- -N
- Does NOT skip symbols that fall outside map border
[Default plots points inside border only].
- -O
- Selects Overlay plot mode [Default initializes a new plot
system].
- -P
- Selects Portrait plotting mode [Default is Landscape, see
gmtdefaults to change this].
- -T[num_of_planes]
- Plots the nodal planes and outlines the bubble which is
transparent. If num_of_planes is
0: both nodal planes are plotted;
1: only the first nodal plane is plotted;
2: only the second nodal plane is plotted [Default: 0].
- -U
- Draw Unix System time stamp on plot. By adding
just/dx/dy/, the user may specify the justification of the stamp
and where the stamp should fall on the page relative to lower left corner
of the plot. For example, BL/0/0 will align the lower left corner of the
time stamp with the lower left corner of the plot. Optionally, append a
label, or c (which will plot the command string.). The
GMT parameters UNIX_TIME, UNIX_TIME_POS, and
UNIX_TIME_FORMAT can affect the appearance; see the
gmtdefaults man page for details. The time string will be in the
locale set by the environment variable TZ (generally local
time).
- -V
- Selects verbose mode, which will send progress reports to
stderr [Default runs "silently"].
- -W
- set pen attributes for text string or default pen
attributes for fault plane edges. [Defaults: width = 1, color =
0/0/0, texture = solid].
- -X -Y
- Shift plot origin relative to the current origin by
(x-shift,y-shift) and optionally append the length unit ( c,
i, m, p). You can prepend a to shift the
origin back to the original position after plotting, or prepend r
[Default] to reset the current origin to the new location. If -O is
used then the default ( x-shift,y-shift) is (0,0), otherwise it is
(r1i, r1i) or (r2.5c, r2.5c). Alternatively, give c to align the
center coordinate (x or y) of the plot with the center of the page based
on current page size.
- -Zcptfile
- Give a color palette file and let compressive part color be
determined by the z-value in the third column.
- -a[size/[P_axis_symbol/[T_axis_symbol]]]
- Computes and plots P and T axes with symbols. Optionally
specify size and (separate) P and T axis symbols from the
following: ( c) circle, (d) diamond, (h) hexagon, (
i) inverse triangle, ( p)point, (s) square,
(t) triangle, ( x) cross. [Defaults:
0.2c/c/c or 0.08i/c/c.]
- -efill
- Selects filling of T axis symbol. Set the shade (0-255) or
color (r/g/b) [Default is color of extensive parts.]
- -gfill
- Selects filling of P axis symbol. Set the shade (0-255) or
color (r/g/b) [Default is color of compressive parts.]
- -p[pen]
- Draws the P axis outline using current pen (see -W),
or sets pen attributes.
- -t[pen]
- Draws the T axis outline using current pen (see -W),
or sets pen attributes.
- -:
- Toggles between (longitude,latitude) and
(latitude,longitude) input and/or output. [Default is
(longitude,latitude)]. Append i to select input only or o to
select output only. [Default affects both].
- -c
- Specifies the number of plot copies. [Default is 1].
SEE ALSO¶
GMT(1),
psbasemap(1),
psmeca(1),
psxy(1)
REFERENCES¶
Bomford, G., Geodesy, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, 1980.
Aki, K. and P. Richards, Quantitative Seismology, Freeman, 1980.
F. A. Dahlen and Jeroen Tromp, Theoretical Seismology, Princeton, 1998, p.167.
Definition of scalar moment.
Cliff Frohlich, Cliff's Nodes Concerning Plotting Nodal Lines for P, Sh and Sv
Seismological Research Letters, Volume 67, Number 1, January-February, 1996
Thorne Lay, Terry C. Wallace, Modern Global Seismology, Academic Press, 1995,
p.384.
W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flannery, Numerical Recipes in
C, Cambridge University press (routine jacobi)
AUTHOR¶
Genevieve Patau
CNRS UMR 7580
Seismology Dept.
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
(patau@ipgp.jussieu.fr)