NAME¶
hotspotter - Create CVA image from seamount flowlines
SYNOPSIS¶
hotspotter [
infile(s)]
-Estage_file
-GCVAgrid
-Ixinc[
unit][
=|
+][/
yinc[
unit][
=|
+]]
-Rwest/
east/
south/
north[
r] [
-C ] [
-Dfactor ] [
-F ] [
-H[
i][
nrec] ] [
-Nupper_age ] [
-S ]
[
-T ] [
-V ] [
-:[
i|
o] ] [
-bi[
s|
S|
d|
D[
ncol]|
c[
var1
/...]] ]
DESCRIPTION¶
hotspotter reads (longitude, latitude, amplitude, radius, age) records
from
infiles [or standard input] and calculates flowlines using the
specified stage pole (Euler) rotations. These flowlines are convolved with the
shape of the seamount (using a Gaussian shape given amplitude and radius = 6
sigma) and added up to give a Cumulative Volcano Amplitude grid (CVA). See
option
-: on how to read (latitude,longitude,...) files.
No space between the option flag and the associated arguments. Use upper case
for the option flags and lower case for modifiers.
- infile(s)
- Data file(s) to be processed. If not given, standard input
is read.
- -E
- Give file with rotation parameters. This file must contain
one record for each rotation; each record must be of the following format:
lon lat tstart [tstop] angle [ khat a b c d e f g df ]
where tstart and tstop are in Myr and lon lat angle are
in degrees. tstart and tstop are the ages of the old and
young ends of a stage. If -C is set then a total reconstruction
rotation is expected and tstop is implicitly set to 0 and should
not be specified in the file. If a covariance matrix C for the
rotation is available it must be specified in a format using the nine
optional terms listed in brackets. Here, C =
(g/khat)*[ a b d; b c e; d e f ] which shows C
made up of three row vectors. If the degrees of freedom ( df) in
fitting the rotation is 0 or not given it is set to 10000. Blank lines and
records whose first column contains # will be ignored.
- -G
- Specify name for output grid file.
- -I
- x_inc [and optionally y_inc] is the grid
spacing. Optionally, append a suffix modifier. Geographical (degrees)
coordinates: Append m to indicate arc minutes or c to
indicate arc seconds. If one of the units e, k, i, or
n is appended instead, the increment is assumed to be given in
meter, km, miles, or nautical miles, respectively, and will be converted
to the equivalent degrees longitude at the middle latitude of the region
(the conversion depends on ELLIPSOID). If /y_inc is given
but set to 0 it will be reset equal to x_inc; otherwise it will be
converted to degrees latitude. All coordinates: If = is
appended then the corresponding max x (east) or y
(north) may be slightly adjusted to fit exactly the given increment
[by default the increment may be adjusted slightly to fit the given
domain]. Finally, instead of giving an increment you may specify the
number of nodes desired by appending + to the supplied
integer argument; the increment is then recalculated from the number of
nodes and the domain. The resulting increment value depends on whether you
have selected a gridline-registered or pixel-registered grid; see Appendix
B for details. Note: if -Rgrdfile is used then grid spacing
has already been initialized; use -I to override the values.
- -R
- west, east, south, and north specify the
Region of interest, and you may specify them in decimal degrees or in
[+-]dd:mm[:ss.xxx][W|E|S|N] format. Append r if lower left and
upper right map coordinates are given instead of w/e/s/n. The two
shorthands -Rg and -Rd stand for global domain (0/360 and
-180/+180 in longitude respectively, with -90/+90 in latitude).
Alternatively, specify the name of an existing grid file and the -R
settings (and grid spacing, if applicable) are copied from the grid.
OPTIONS¶
- -C
- Expect Total Reconstruction Rotations rather than Forward
Stage Rotations [Default]. File format is similar to the stage pole format
except that the tstart column is not present (assumed to be 0
Ma).
- -D
- Modify the sampling interval along flowlines. Default [0.5]
gives approximately 2 points within each grid box. Smaller factors gives
higher resolutions at the expense of longer processing time.
- -F
- Force pixel registration [Default is grid
registration].
- -H
- Input file(s) has header record(s). If used, the default
number of header records is N_HEADER_RECS. Use -Hi if only
input data should have header records [Default will write out header
records if the input data have them]. Blank lines and lines starting with
# are always skipped.
- -N
- Set the upper age to assign seamounts whose crustal age is
unknown (i.e. NaN) [no upper age].
- -S
- Normalize the resulting CVA grid to percentages of the CVA
maximum.
- -T
- Truncate seamount ages exceeding the upper age set with
-N [no truncation].
- -V
- Selects verbose mode, which will send progress reports to
stderr [Default runs "silently"].
- -:
- Toggles between (longitude,latitude) and
(latitude,longitude) input and/or output. [Default is
(longitude,latitude)]. Append i to select input only or o to
select output only. [Default affects both].
- -bi
- Selects binary input. Append s for single precision
[Default is d (double)]. Uppercase S or D will force
byte-swapping. Optionally, append ncol, the number of columns in
your binary input file if it exceeds the columns needed by the program. Or
append c if the input file is netCDF. Optionally, append
var1 /var2/... to specify the variables
to be read. [Default is 5 input columns].
EXAMPLES¶
To create a CVA image from the Pacific (x,y,z,r,t) data in the file seamounts.d,
using the DC85.d Euler poles, run
hotspotter seamounts.d
-EDC85.d
-GCVA.grd
-R130/260/-66/60
-I10
m -N145
-T -V
This file can then be plotted with
grdimage.
COORDINATES¶
Data coordinates are assumed to be geodetic and will automatically be converted
to geocentric before spherical rotations are performed. We convert back to
geodetic coordinates for output. Note: If your data already are geocentric,
you can avoid the conversion by using --ELLIPSOID=sphere.
SEE ALSO¶
GMT(1),
grdimage(1),
grdrotater(1),
grdspotter(1),
project(1),
mapproject(1),
backtracker(1),
originator(1)
REFERENCES¶
Wessel, P., 1999, "Hotspotting" tools released, EOS Trans. AGU, 80
(29), p. 319.