table of contents
RAL(4) | Device Drivers Manual | RAL(4) |
NAME¶
ral — Ralink Technology IEEE 802.11 wireless network driverSYNOPSIS¶
To compile this driver into the kernel, place the following lines in your kernel configuration file:device ral
device ralfw
device wlan
device wlan_amrr
device firmware
Alternatively, to load the driver as a module at boot time, place the following
line in loader.conf(5):
device ralfw
device wlan
device wlan_amrr
device firmware
if_ral_load="YES"
DESCRIPTION¶
The ral driver supports PCI/CardBus wireless adapters based on the Ralink Technology RT2500, RT2501, and RT2600 chipsets. The RT2500 chipset is the first generation of 802.11b/g adapters from Ralink. It consists of two integrated chips, a RT2560 MAC/BBP and a RT2525 radio transceiver. The RT2501 chipset is the second generation of 802.11b/g adapters from Ralink. It consists of two integrated chips, a RT2561 MAC/BBP and a RT2527 radio transceiver. This chipset provides support for the IEEE 802.11e standard with multiple hardware transmission queues and allows scatter/gather for efficient DMA operations. The RT2600 chipset consists of two integrated chips, a RT2661 MAC/BBP and a RT2529 radio transceiver. This chipset uses the MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) technology with multiple antennas to extend the operating range of the adapter and to achieve higher throughput. MIMO is the basis of the forthcoming IEEE 802.11n standard. The transmit speed is user-selectable or can be adapted automatically by the driver depending on the received signal strength and on the number of hardware transmission retries. ral supports station, adhoc, hostap, mesh, wds, and monitor mode operation. Only one hostap or mesh virtual interface may be configured at a time. Any number of wds virtual interfaces may be configured together with a hostap interface. Multiple station interfaces may be operated together with a hostap interface to construct a wireless repeater device. For more information on configuring this device, see ifconfig(8).HARDWARE¶
The ral driver supports PCI/CardBus wireless adapters based on the Ralink Technology RT2500, RT2501, and RT2600 chipsets, including:Card | MAC/BBP | Bus |
A-Link WL54H | RT2560 | PCI |
A-Link WL54PC | RT2560 | CardBus |
AirLink101 AWLC5025 | RT2661 | CardBus |
AirLink101 AWLH5025 | RT2661 | PCI |
Amigo AWI-914W | RT2560 | CardBus |
Amigo AWI-922W | RT2560 | mini-PCI |
Amigo AWI-926W | RT2560 | PCI |
AMIT WL531C | RT2560 | CardBus |
AMIT WL531P | RT2560 | PCI |
AOpen AOI-831 | RT2560 | PCI |
ASUS WL-107G | RT2560 | CardBus |
ASUS WL-130g | RT2560 | PCI |
Atlantis Land A02-PCI-W54 | RT2560 | PCI |
Atlantis Land A02-PCM-W54 | RT2560 | CardBus |
Belkin F5D7000 v3 | RT2560 | PCI |
Belkin F5D7010 v2 | RT2560 | CardBus |
Billionton MIWLGRL | RT2560 | mini-PCI |
Canyon CN-WF511 | RT2560 | PCI |
Canyon CN-WF513 | RT2560 | CardBus |
CC&C WL-2102 | RT2560 | CardBus |
CNet CWC-854 | RT2560 | CardBus |
CNet CWP-854 | RT2560 | PCI |
Compex WL54G | RT2560 | CardBus |
Compex WLP54G | RT2560 | PCI |
Conceptronic C54RC | RT2560 | CardBus |
Conceptronic C54Ri | RT2560 | PCI |
Digitus DN-7001G-RA | RT2560 | CardBus |
Digitus DN-7006G-RA | RT2560 | PCI |
E-Tech WGPC02 | RT2560 | CardBus |
E-Tech WGPI02 | RT2560 | PCI |
Edimax EW-7108PCg | RT2560 | CardBus |
Edimax EW-7128g | RT2560 | PCI |
Eminent EM3036 | RT2560 | CardBus |
Eminent EM3037 | RT2560 | PCI |
Encore ENLWI-G-RLAM | RT2560 | PCI |
Encore ENPWI-G-RLAM | RT2560 | CardBus |
Fiberline WL-400P | RT2560 | PCI |
Fibreline WL-400X | RT2560 | CardBus |
Gigabyte GN-WI01GS | RT2561S | mini-PCI |
Gigabyte GN-WIKG | RT2560 | mini-PCI |
Gigabyte GN-WMKG | RT2560 | CardBus |
Gigabyte GN-WP01GS | RT2561S | PCI |
Gigabyte GN-WPKG | RT2560 | PCI |
Hawking HWC54GR | RT2560 | CardBus |
Hawking HWP54GR | RT2560 | PCI |
iNexQ CR054g-009 (R03) | RT2560 | PCI |
JAHT WN-4054P | RT2560 | CardBus |
JAHT WN-4054PCI | RT2560 | PCI |
LevelOne WNC-0301 v2 | RT2560 | PCI |
LevelOne WPC-0301 v2 | RT2560 | CardBus |
Linksys WMP54G v4 | RT2560 | PCI |
Micronet SP906GK | RT2560 | PCI |
Micronet SP908GK V3 | RT2560 | CardBus |
Minitar MN54GCB-R | RT2560 | CardBus |
Minitar MN54GPC-R | RT2560 | PCI |
MSI CB54G2 | RT2560 | CardBus |
MSI MP54G2 | RT2560 | mini-PCI |
MSI PC54G2 | RT2560 | PCI |
OvisLink EVO-W54PCI | RT2560 | PCI |
PheeNet HWL-PCIG/RA | RT2560 | PCI |
Pro-Nets CB80211G | RT2560 | CardBus |
Pro-Nets PC80211G | RT2560 | PCI |
Repotec RP-WB7108 | RT2560 | CardBus |
Repotec RP-WP0854 | RT2560 | PCI |
SATech SN-54C | RT2560 | CardBus |
SATech SN-54P | RT2560 | PCI |
Sitecom WL-112 | RT2560 | CardBus |
Sitecom WL-115 | RT2560 | PCI |
SMC SMCWCB-GM | RT2661 | CardBus |
SMC SMCWPCI-GM | RT2661 | PCI |
SparkLAN WL-685R | RT2560 | CardBus |
Surecom EP-9321-g | RT2560 | PCI |
Surecom EP-9321-g1 | RT2560 | PCI |
Surecom EP-9428-g | RT2560 | CardBus |
Sweex LC500050 | RT2560 | CardBus |
Sweex LC700030 | RT2560 | PCI |
TekComm NE-9321-g | RT2560 | PCI |
TekComm NE-9428-g | RT2560 | CardBus |
Unex CR054g-R02 | RT2560 | PCI |
Unex MR054g-R02 | RT2560 | CardBus |
Zinwell ZWX-G160 | RT2560 | CardBus |
Zinwell ZWX-G360 | RT2560 | mini-PCI |
Zinwell ZWX-G361 | RT2560 | PCI |
Zonet ZEW1500 | RT2560 | CardBus |
Zonet ZEW1600 | RT2560 | PCI |
EXAMPLES¶
Join an existing BSS network (i.e., connect to an access point):ifconfig wlan create wlandev ral0 inet
192.168.0.20 netmask 0xffffff00
my_net
”:
ifconfig wlan create wlandev ral0 inet 192.168.0.20 \ netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net
ifconfig wlan create wlandev ral0 inet 192.168.0.20 \ netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net \ wepmode on wepkey 0x1234567890 weptxkey 1
ifconfig wlan create wlandev ral0 inet 192.168.0.20 \ netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net \ wepmode on wepkey 0x01020304050607080910111213 weptxkey 1
DIAGNOSTICS¶
- ral%d: could not load 8051 microcode
- An error occurred while attempting to upload the microcode to the onboard 8051 microcontroller unit.
- ral%d: timeout waiting for MCU to initialize
- The onboard 8051 microcontroller unit failed to initialize in time.
- ral%d: device timeout
- A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in time. The driver will reset the hardware. This should not happen.
SEE ALSO¶
intro(4), cardbus(4), wlan(4), wlan_ccmp(4), wlan_tkip(4), wlan_wep(4), wlan_xauth(4), hostapd(8), ifconfig(8), wpa_supplicant(8). Ralink Technology, http://www.ralinktech.com/.HISTORY¶
The ral driver first appeared in OpenBSD 3.7.AUTHORS¶
The original ral driver was written by Damien Bergamini ⟨damien@FreeBSD.org⟩.BUGS¶
Host AP mode doesn't support client power save. Clients using power save mode will experience packet loss (disabling power saving on the client will fix this).July 8, 2009 | Debian |