DRACUT.CMDLINE(7)

dracut

DRACUT.CMDLINE(7)

NAME¶

dracut.cmdline - dracut kernel command line options

DESCRIPTION¶

The root device used by the kernel is specified in the boot configuration file on the kernel command line, as always.

The traditional root=/dev/sda1 style device specification is allowed, but not encouraged. The root device should better be identified by LABEL or UUID. If a label is used, as in root=LABEL=<label_of_root> the initramfs will search all available devices for a filesystem with the appropriate label, and mount that device as the root filesystem. root=UUID=<uuidnumber> will mount the partition with that UUID as the root filesystem.

In the following all kernel command line parameters, which are processed by dracut, are described.

"rd.*" parameters mentioned without "=" are boolean parameters. They can be turned on/off by setting them to {0|1}. If the assignment with "=" is missing "=1" is implied. For example rd.info can be turned off with rd.info=0 or turned on with rd.info=1 or rd.info. The last value in the kernel command line is the value, which is honored.

Standard¶

init=<path to real init>

specify the path to the init programm to be started after the initramfs has finished

root=<path to blockdevice>

specify the block device to use as the root filesystem.

E.g.:

root=/dev/sda1
root=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1
root=/dev/disk/by-label/Root
root=LABEL=Root
root=/dev/disk/by-uuid/3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7
root=UUID=3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7
root=PARTUUID=3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7

rootfstype=<filesystem type>

"auto" if not specified, e.g.:

rootfstype=ext3

rootflags=<mount options>

specify additional mount options for the root filesystem. If not set, /etc/fstab of the real root will be parsed for special mount options and mounted accordingly.

rd.fstab=0

do not honor special mount options for the root filesystem found in /etc/fstab of the real root.

resume=<path to resume partition>

+ E.g.:

resume=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1
resume=/dev/disk/by-uuid/3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7
resume=UUID=3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7

Misc¶

rd.driver.blacklist=<drivername>[,<drivername>,...]

do not load kernel module <drivername>. This parameter can be specified multiple times.

rd.driver.pre=<drivername>[,<drivername>,...]

force loading kernel module <drivername>. This parameter can be specified multiple times.

rd.driver.post=<drivername>[,<drivername>,...]

force loading kernel module <drivername> after all automatic loading modules have been loaded. This parameter can be specified multiple times.

Debug¶

rd.info

print informational output though "quiet" is set

rd.shell

allow dropping to a shell, if root mounting fails

rd.debug

set -x for the dracut shell and logs to dmesg, console and /run/initramfs/init.log

rd.break

drop to a shell at the end

rd.break={cmdline|pre-udev|pre-trigger|initqueue|pre-mount|mount|pre-pivot|cleanup}

drop to a shell on defined breakpoint

rd.udev.info

set udev to loglevel info

rd.udev.debug

set udev to loglevel debug

I18N¶

vconsole.keymap=<keymap base file name>

keyboard translation table loaded by loadkeys; taken from keymaps directory; will be written as KEYMAP to /etc/vconsole.conf in the initramfs, e.g.:

vconsole.keymap=de-latin1-nodeadkeys

vconsole.keymap.ext=<list of keymap base file names>

list of extra keymaps to bo loaded (sep. by space); will be written as EXT_KEYMAP to /etc/vconsole.conf in the initramfs

vconsole.unicode[={0|1}]

boolean, indicating UTF-8 mode; will be written as UNICODE to /etc/vconsole.conf in the initramfs

vconsole.font=<font base file name>

console font; taken from consolefonts directory; will be written as FONT to /etc/vconsole.conf in the initramfs; e.g.:

vconsole.font=LatArCyrHeb-16

vconsole.font.map=<console map base file name>

see description of -m parameter in setfont manual; taken from consoletrans directory; will be written as FONT_MAP to /etc/vconsole.conf in the initramfs

vconsole.font.unimap=<unicode table base file name>

see description of -u parameter in setfont manual; taken from unimaps directory; will be written as FONT_UNIMAP to /etc/vconsole.conf in the initramfs

locale.LANG=<locale>

taken from the environment; if no UNICODE is defined we set its value in basis of LANG value (whether it ends with ".utf8" (or similar) or not); will be written as LANG to /etc/locale.conf in the initramfs; e.g.:

locale.LANG=pl_PL.utf8

locale.LC_ALL=<locale>

taken from the environment; will be written as LC_ALL to /etc/locale.conf in the initramfs

LVM¶

rd.lvm=0

disable LVM detection

rd.lvm.vg=<volume group name>

only activate the volume groups with the given name. rd.lvm.vg can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line.

rd.lvm.lv=<logical volume name>

only activate the logical volumes with the given name. rd.lvm.lv can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line.

rd.lvm.conf=0

remove any /etc/lvm/lvm.conf, which may exist in the initramfs

crypto LUKS¶

rd.luks=0

disable crypto LUKS detection

rd.luks.uuid=<luks uuid>

only activate the LUKS partitions with the given UUID. Any "luks-" of the LUKS UUID is removed before comparing to <luks uuid>. The comparisons also matches, if <luks uuid> is only the beginning of the LUKS UUID, so you don’t have to specify the full UUID. This parameter can be specified multiple times.

rd.luks.allow-discards=<luks uuid>

Allow using of discards (TRIM) requests for LUKS partitions with the given UUID. Any "luks-" of the LUKS UUID is removed before comparing to <luks uuid>. The comparisons also matches, if <luks uuid> is only the beginning of the LUKS UUID, so you don’t have to specify the full UUID. This parameter can be specified multiple times.

**rd.luks.allow-discards

Allow using of discards (TRIM) requests on all LUKS partitions.

rd.luks.crypttab=0

do not check, if LUKS partition is in /etc/crypttab

crypto LUKS - key on removable device support¶

rd.luks.key=<keypath>:<keydev>:<luksdev>

keypath is a path to key file to look for. It’s REQUIRED. When keypath ends with .gpg it’s considered to be key encrypted symmetrically with GPG. You will be prompted for password on boot. GPG support comes with crypt-gpg module which needs to be added explicitly.

keydev is a device on which key file resides. It might be kernel name of devices (should start with "/dev/"), UUID (prefixed with "UUID=") or label (prefix with "LABEL="). You don’t have to specify full UUID. Just its beginning will suffice, even if its ambiguous. All matching devices will be probed. This parameter is recommended, but not required. If not present, all block devices will be probed, which may significantly increase boot time.

If luksdev is given, the specified key will only be applied for that LUKS device. Possible values are the same as for keydev. Unless you have several LUKS devices, you don’t have to specify this parameter. The simplest usage is:

rd.luks.key=/foo/bar.key

As you see, you can skip colons in such a case.

MD RAID¶

rd.md=0

disable MD RAID detection

rd.md.imsm=0

disable MD RAID for imsm/isw raids, use DM RAID instead

rd.md.ddf=0

disable MD RAID for SNIA ddf raids, use DM RAID instead

rd.md.conf=0

ignore mdadm.conf included in initramfs

rd.md.waitclean=1

wait for any resync, recovery, or reshape activity to finish before continuing

rd.md.uuid=<md raid uuid>

only activate the raid sets with the given UUID. This parameter can be specified multiple times.

DM RAID¶

rd.dm=0

disable DM RAID detection

rd.dm.uuid=<dm raid uuid>

only activate the raid sets with the given UUID. This parameter can be specified multiple times.

FIPS¶

rd.fips

enable FIPS

boot=<boot device>

specify the device, where /boot is located. e.g.

boot=/dev/sda1
boot=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1
boot=UUID=<uuid>
boot=LABEL=<label>

rd.fips.skipkernel

skip checksum check of the kernel image. Useful, if the kernel image is not in a separate boot partition.

Network¶

ip={dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6|ibft}

dhcp|on|any

get ip from dhcp server from all interfaces. If root=dhcp, loop sequentially through all interfaces (eth0, eth1, ...) and use the first with a valid DHCP root-path.

auto6

IPv6 autoconfiguration

dhcp6

IPv6 DHCP

ibft

iBFT autoconfiguration

ip=<interface>:_{dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6}_[:[<mtu>][:_<macaddr>_]]

This parameter can be specified multiple times.

dhcp|on|any|dhcp6

get ip from dhcp server on a specific interface

auto6

do IPv6 autoconfiguration

optionally set <macaddr> on the <interface>

ip=<client-IP>:_<server-IP>_:_<gateway-IP>_:_<netmask>_:_<client_hostname>_:_<interface>_:_{none|off|dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6|ibft}_[:[<mtu>][:_<macaddr>_]]

explicit network configuration. If you want do define a IPv6 address, put it in brackets (e.g. [2001:DB8::1]). This parameter can be specified multiple times.

optionally set <macaddr> on the <interface>

ifname=<interface>:_<MAC>_

Assign network device name <interface> (ie eth0) to the NIC with MAC <MAC>. Note: If you use this option you must specify an ifname= argument for all interfaces used in ip= or fcoe= arguments. However, if the interface in ip= or fcoe= is a bridge, bonding or vlan interface, you should specify an ifname= for each of its underlying interfaces. This parameter can be specified multiple times.

bootdev=<interface>

specify network interface to use routing and netroot information from. Required if multiple ip= lines are used.

nameserver=<IP> [nameserver=<IP> ...]

specify nameserver(s) to use

biosdevname=0

boolean, turn off biosdevname network interface renaming

vlan=<vlanname>:_<phydevice>_

Setup vlan device named <vlanname> on <phydeivce>. We support the four styles of vlan names: VLAN_PLUS_VID (vlan0005), VLAN_PLUS_VID_NO_PAD (vlan5), DEV_PLUS_VID (eth0.0005), DEV_PLUS_VID_NO_PAD (eth0.5)

bond=<bondname>[:_<bondslaves>_:[:_<options>_]]

Setup bonding device <bondname> on top of <bondslaves>. <bondslaves> is a comma-separated list of physical (ethernet) interfaces. <options> is a comma-separated list on bonding options (modinfo bonding for details) in format compatible with initscripts. If <options> includes multi-valued arp_ip_target option, then its values should be separated by semicolon. Bond without parameters assumes bond=bond0:eth0,eth1:mode=balance-rr

bridge=<bridgename>:_<ethnames>_

Setup bridge <bridgename> with <ethnames>. <ethnames> is a comma-separated list of physical (ethernet) interfaces. Bridge without parameters assumes bridge=br0:eth0

NFS¶

root=<root-dir>[:_<nfs-options>_]

mount nfs share from <server-ip>:/<root-dir>, if no server-ip is given, use dhcp next_server. if server-ip is an IPv6 address it has to be put in brackets, e.g. [2001:DB8::1]. NFS options can be appended with the prefix ":" or "," and are seperated by ",".

root=nfs:[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[:_<nfs-options>_], root=nfs4:[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[:_<nfs-options>_], root={dhcp|dhcp6}

root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the DHCP root-path where NFS options can be specified.

    root-path=<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
    root-path=nfs:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
    root-path=nfs4:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]

root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=<root-dir>[:_<nfs-options>_]

Deprecated! kernel Documentation_/filesystems/nfsroot.txt_ defines this method. This is supported by dracut, but not recommended.

rd.nfs.domain=<NFSv4 domain name>

Set the NFSv4 domain name. Will overwrite the settings in /etc/idmap.conf.

iSCSI¶

root=iscsi:[<username>:_<password>_[:_<reverse>_:_<password>_]@][<servername>]:[<protocol>]:[<port>][:[<iscsi_iface_name>]:[<netdev_name>]]:[<LUN>]:_<targetname>_

protocol defaults to "6", LUN defaults to "0". If the "servername" field is provided by BOOTP or DHCP, then that field is used in conjunction with other associated fields to contact the boot server in the Boot stage. However, if the "servername" field is not provided, then the "targetname" field is then used in the Discovery Service stage in conjunction with other associated fields. See rfc4173[1]. e.g.:

root=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0

If servername is an IPv6 address, it has to be put in brackets. e.g.:

root=iscsi:[2001:DB8::1]::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0

root=??? netroot=iscsi:[<username>:_<password>_[:_<reverse>_:_<password>_]@][ <servername>]:[<protocol>]:[<port>][:[<iscsi_iface_name>]:[<netdev_name>]]:[<LUN>]:_<targetname>_ ...

multiple netroot options allow setting up multiple iscsi disks. e.g.:

root=UUID=12424547
netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0
netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target1

If servername is an IPv6 address, it has to be put in brackets. e.g.:

netroot=iscsi:[2001:DB8::1]::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0

root=??? rd.iscsi.initiator=<initiator> rd.iscsi.target.name= <target name> rd.iscsi.target.ip= <target ip> rd.iscsi.target.port= <target port> rd.iscsi.target.group= <target group> rd.iscsi.username= <username> rd.iscsi.password=<password> rd.iscsi.in.username=<in username> rd.iscsi.in.password= <in password>

manually specify all iscsistart parameter (see iscsistart --help)

root=??? netroot=iscsi rd.iscsi.firmware=1

will read the iscsi parameter from the BIOS firmware

rd.iscsi.param=<param>

<param> will be passed as "--param <param>" to iscsistart. This parameter can be specified multiple times. e.g.:

"netroot=iscsi iscsi_firmware rd.iscsi.param=node.session.timeo.replacement_timeout=30"

will result in

iscsistart -b --param node.session.timeo.replacement_timeout=30

FCoE¶

fcoe=<edd|interface|MAC>:_{dcb|nodcb}_

Try to connect to a FCoE SAN through the NIC specified by <interface> or <MAC> or EDD settings. For the second argument, currently only nodcb is supported. This parameter can be specified multiple times. Note: letters in the MAC-address must be lowercase!

NBD¶

root=??? netroot=nbd:_<server>_:_<port>_[:_<fstype>_[:_<mountopts>_[:_<nbdopts>_]]]

mount nbd share from <server>

root=dhcp with dhcp root-path=nbd:_<server>_:_<port>_[:_<fstype>_[:_<mountopts>_[:_<nbdopts>_]]]

root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the DHCP root-path where NBD options can be specified. This syntax is only usable in cases where you are directly mounting the volume as the rootfs.

DASD¶

rd.dasd=....

same syntax as the kernel module parameter (s390 only)

ZFCP¶

rd.zfcp=<zfcp adaptor device bus ID>,<WWPN>,<FCPLUN>

rd.zfcp can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. e.g.:

rd.zfcp=0.0.4000,0x5005076300C213e9,0x5022000000000000

rd.zfcp.conf=0

ignore zfcp.conf included in the initramfs

ZNET¶

rd.znet=<nettype>,<subchannels>,<options>

rd.znet can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. e.g.:

rd.znet=qeth,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,0.0.0602,layer2=1,portname=foo
rd.znet=ctc,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,0.0.0602,protocol=bar

Plymouth Boot Splash¶

plymouth.enable=0

disable the plymouth bootsplash completly.

rd.plymouth=0

disable the plymouth bootsplash only for the initramfs.

Kernel keys¶

masterkey=<kernel master key path name>

Set the path name of the kernel master key. e.g.:

masterkey=/etc/keys/kmk-trusted.blob

masterkeytype=<kernel master key type>

Set the type of the kernel master key. e.g.:

masterkeytype=trusted

evmkey=<EVM key path name>

Set the path name of the EVM key. e.g.:

evmkey=/etc/keys/evm-trusted.blob

ecryptfskey=<eCryptfs key path name>

Set the path name of the eCryptfs key. e.g.:

ecryptfskey=/etc/keys/ecryptfs-trusted.blob

Deprecated, renamed Options¶

Here is a list of options, which were used in dracut prior to version 008, and their new replacement.

rdbreak

rd.break

rd_CCW

rd.ccw

rd_DASD_MOD

rd.dasd

rd_DASD

rd.dasd

rdinitdebug rdnetdebug

rd.debug

rd_NO_DM

rd.dm=0

rd_DM_UUID

rd.dm.uuid

rdblacklist

rd.driver.blacklist

rdinsmodpost

rd.driver.post

rdloaddriver

rd.driver.pre

rd_NO_FSTAB

rd.fstab=0

rdinfo

rd.info

check

rd.live.check

rdlivedebug

rd.live.debug

live_dir

rd.live.dir

liveimg

rd.live.image

overlay

rd.live.overlay

readonly_overlay

rd.live.overlay.readonly

reset_overlay

rd.live.overlay.reset

live_ram

rd.live.ram

rd_NO_CRYPTTAB

rd.luks.crypttab=0

rd_LUKS_KEYDEV_UUID

rd.luks.keydev.uuid

rd_LUKS_KEYPATH

rd.luks.keypath

rd_NO_LUKS

rd.luks=0

rd_LUKS_UUID

rd.luks.uuid

rd_NO_LVMCONF

rd.lvm.conf

rd_LVM_LV

rd.lvm.lv

rd_NO_LVM

rd.lvm=0

rd_LVM_SNAPSHOT

rd.lvm.snapshot

rd_LVM_SNAPSIZE

rd.lvm.snapsize

rd_LVM_VG

rd.lvm.vg

rd_NO_MDADMCONF

rd.md.conf=0

rd_NO_MDIMSM

rd.md.imsm=0

rd_NO_MD

rd.md=0

rd_MD_UUID

rd.md.uuid

rd_NFS_DOMAIN

rd.nfs.domain

iscsi_initiator

rd.iscsi.initiator

iscsi_target_name

rd.iscsi.target.name

iscsi_target_ip

rd.iscsi.target.ip

iscsi_target_port

rd.iscsi.target.port

iscsi_target_group

rd.iscsi.target.group

iscsi_username

rd.iscsi.username

iscsi_password

rd.iscsi.password

iscsi_in_username

rd.iscsi.in.username

iscsi_in_password

rd.iscsi.in.password

iscsi_firmware

rd.iscsi.firmware=0

rd_NO_PLYMOUTH

rd.plymouth=0

rd_retry

rd.retry

rdshell

rd.shell

rd_NO_SPLASH

rd.splash

rdudevdebug

rd.udev.debug

rdudevinfo

rd.udev.info

rd_NO_ZFCPCONF

rd.zfcp.conf=0

rd_ZFCP

rd.zfcp

rd_ZNET

rd.znet

KEYMAP

vconsole.keymap

KEYTABLE

vconsole.keymap

SYSFONT

vconsole.font

CONTRANS

vconsole.font.map

UNIMAP

vconsole.font.unimap

UNICODE

vconsole.unicode

EXT_KEYMAP

vconsole.keymap.ext

Configuration in the Initramfs¶

/etc/conf.d/

Any files found in /etc/conf.d/ will be sourced in the initramfs to set initial values. Command line options will override these values set in the configuration files.

/etc/cmdline

Can contain additional command line options.

/etc/cmdline.d/*.conf