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ftp(3erl) | Erlang Module Definition | ftp(3erl) |
NAME¶
ftp - A File Transfer Protocol clientDESCRIPTION¶
The ftp module implements a client for file transfer according to a subset of the File Transfer Protocol (see 959). Starting from inets version 4.4.1 the ftp client will always try to use passive ftp mode and only resort to active ftp mode if this fails. There is a start option mode where this default behavior may be changed. There are two ways to start an ftp client. One is using the Inets service framework and the other is to start it directy as a standalone process using the open function. For a simple example of an ftp session see Inets User's Guide. In addition to the ordinary functions for receiving and sending files (see recv/2, recv/3, send/2 and send/3) there are functions for receiving remote files as binaries (see recv_bin/2) and for sending binaries to to be stored as remote files (see send_bin/3). There is also a set of functions for sending and receiving contiguous parts of a file to be stored in a remote file (for send see send_chunk_start/2, send_chunk/2 and send_chunk_end/1 and for receive see recv_chunk_start/2 and recv_chunk/). The particular return values of the functions below depend very much on the implementation of the FTP server at the remote host. In particular the results from ls and nlist varies. Often real errors are not reported as errors by ls, even if for instance a file or directory does not exist. nlist is usually more strict, but some implementations have the peculiar behaviour of responding with an error, if the request is a listing of the contents of directory which exists but is empty.FTP CLIENT SERVICE START/STOP ¶
The FTP client can be started and stopped dynamically in runtime by calling the Inets application API inets:start(ftpc, ServiceConfig), or inets:start(ftpc, ServiceConfig, How), and inets:stop(ftpc, Pid). See inets(3erl) for more info. Below follows a description of the available configuration options.- {host, Host}:
-
Host = string() | ip_address()
- {port, Port}:
-
Port = integer() > 0
Default is 21.
- {mode, Mode}:
-
Mode = active | passive
Default is passive.
- {verbose, Verbose}:
-
Verbose = boolean()
This determines if the FTP communication should be verbose or not.
Default is false.
- {debug, Debug}:
-
Debug = trace | debug | disable
Debugging using the dbg toolkit.
Default is disable.
- {ipfamily, IpFamily}:
-
IpFamily = inet | inet6 | inet6fb4
With inet6fb4 the client behaves as before (it tries to use IPv6 and only
if that does not work, it uses IPv4).
Default is inet (IPv4).
- {timeout, Timeout}:
-
Timeout = non_neg_integer()
Connection timeout.
Default is 60000 (milliseconds).
- {dtimeout, DTimeout}:
-
DTimeout = non_neg_integer() | infinity
Data Connect timeout. The time the client will wait for the server to connect to
the data socket.
Default is infinity.
- {progress, Progress}:
-
Progress = ignore | {CBModule, CBFunction, InitProgress}
CBModule = atom(), CBFunction = atom()
InitProgress = term()
Default is ignore.
- *
- Before a file is transfered the following call will be made
to indicate the start of the file transfer and how big the file is. The
return value of the callback function should be a new value for the
UserProgressTerm that will bu used as input next time the callback
function is called.
CBModule:CBFunction(InitProgress, File, {file_size, FileSize})
- *
- Every time a chunk of bytes is transfered the following
call will be made:
CBModule:CBFunction(UserProgressTerm, File, {transfer_size, TransferSize})
- *
- At the end of the file the following call will be made to
indicate the end of the transfer.
CBModule:CBFunction(UserProgressTerm, File, {transfer_size, 0})
Note:
The callback is made by a middleman process, hence the file transfer will not be
affected by the code in the progress callback function. If the callback should
crash this will be detected by the ftp connection process that will print an
info-report and then go one as if the progress option was set to ignore.
COMMON DATA TYPES ¶
Here follows type definitions that are used by more than one function in the FTP client API. pid() - identifier of an ftp connection. string() = list of ASCII characters. shortage_reason() = etnospc | epnospc restriction_reason() = epath | efnamena | elogin | enotbinary - note not all restrictions may always relevant to all functions common_reason() = econn | eclosed | term() - some kind of explanation of what went wrong.EXPORTS¶
account(Pid, Account) -> ok | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
Account = string()
Reason = eacct | common_reason()
If an account is needed for an operation set the account with this
operation.
Types:
Pid = pid()
LocalFile = RemoteFile = string()
Reason = epath | elogin | etnospc | epnospc | efnamena | common_reason
Transfers the file LocalFile to the remote server. If RemoteFile
is specified, the name of the remote file that the file will be appended to is
set to RemoteFile; otherwise the name is set to LocalFile If the
file does not exists the file will be created.
Types:
Pid = pid()
Bin = binary()()
RemoteFile = string()
Reason = restriction_reason()| shortage_reason() | common_reason()
Transfers the binary Bin to the remote server and append it to the file
RemoteFile. If the file does not exists it will be created.
Types:
Pid = pid()
Bin = binary()
Reason = echunk | restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Transfer the chunk Bin to the remote server, which append it into the
file specified in the call to append_chunk_start/2.
Note that for some errors, e.g. file system full, it is necessary to to call
append_chunk_end to get the proper reason.
Types:
Pid = pid()
File = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Start the transfer of chunks for appending to the file File at the remote
server. If the file does not exists it will be created.
Types:
Pid = pid()
Reason = echunk | restriction_reason() | shortage_reason()
Stops transfer of chunks for appending to the remote server. The file at the
remote server, specified in the call to append_chunk_start/2 is closed
by the server.
Types:
Pid = pid()
Dir = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Changes the working directory at the remote server to Dir.
Types:
Pid = pid()
Ends an ftp session, created using the open function.
Types:
Pid = pid()
File = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Deletes the file File at the remote server.
Types:
Tag = {error, atom()} | atom()
Given an error return value {error, AtomReason}, this function returns a
readable string describing the error.
Types:
Pid = pid()
Dir = string()
Reason = restriction_reason()
Changes the working directory to Dir for the local client.
Types:
Pid = pid()
Returns the current working directory at the local client.
Types:
Pid = pid()
Pathname = string()
Listing = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Returns a list of files in long format.
Pathname can be a directory, a group of files or even a file. The
Pathname string can contain wildcard(s).
ls/1 implies the user's current remote directory.
The format of Listing is operating system dependent (on UNIX it is
typically produced from the output of the ls -l shell command).
Types:
Pid = pid()
Dir = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Creates the directory Dir at the remote server.
Types:
Pid = pid()
Pathname = string()
Listing = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Returns a list of files in short format.
Pathname can be a directory, a group of files or even a file. The
Pathname string can contain wildcard(s).
nlist/1 implies the user's current remote directory.
The format of Listing is a stream of file names, where each name is
separated by <CRLF> or <NL>. Contrary to the ls function,
the purpose of nlist is to make it possible for a program to
automatically process file name information.
Types:
Host = string() | ip_address()
Opts = options()
options() = [option()]
option() = start_option() | open_option()
start_option() = {verbose, verbose()} | {debug, debug()}
verbose() = boolean() (defaults to false)
debug() = disable | debug | trace (defaults to disable)
open_option() = {ipfamily, ipfamily()} | {port, port()} | {mode, mode()} | {tls,
tls_options()} | {timeout, timeout()} | {dtimeout, dtimeout()} | {progress,
progress()}
ipfamily() = inet | inet6 | inet6fb4 (defaults to inet)
port() = integer() > 0 (defaults to 21)
mode() = active | passive (defaults to passive)
tls_options() = [ ssl:ssloption()]
timeout() = integer() > 0 (defaults to 60000 milliseconds)
dtimeout() = integer() > 0 | infinity (defaults to infinity)
pogress() = ignore | {module(), function(), initial_data()} (defaults to ignore)
module() = atom()
function() = atom()
initial_data() = term()
Reason = ehost | term()
This function is used to start a standalone ftp client process (without the
inets service framework) and open a session with the FTP server at
Host.
If the option {tls, tls_options()} is present, the ftp session will be
transported over tls (ftps, see RFC 4217). The list tls_options() may
be empty. The function ssl:connect/3 is used for securing both
the control connection and the data sessions.
A session opened in this way, is closed using the close function.
Types:
Pid = pid()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Returns the current working directory at the remote server.
Types:
Pid = pid()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Returns the current working directory at the remote server.
Types:
Pid = pid()
RemoteFile = LocalFile = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason() | file_write_error_reason()
file_write_error_reason() = see file:write/2
Transfer the file RemoteFile from the remote server to the the file
system of the local client. If LocalFile is specified, the local file
will be LocalFile; otherwise it will be RemoteFile.
If the file write fails (e.g. enospc), then the command is aborted and
{error, file_write_error_reason()} is returned. The file is however
not removed.
Types:
Pid = pid()
Bin = binary()
RemoteFile = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Transfers the file RemoteFile from the remote server and receives it as a
binary.
Types:
Pid = pid()
RemoteFile = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Start transfer of the file RemoteFile from the remote server.
Types:
Pid = pid()
Bin = binary()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Receive a chunk of the remote file ( RemoteFile of
recv_chunk_start). The return values has the following meaning:
- *
- ok the transfer is complete.
- *
- {ok, Bin} just another chunk of the file.
- *
- {error, Reason} transfer failed.
Types:
Pid = pid()
CurrFile = NewFile = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Renames Old to New at the remote server.
Types:
Pid = pid()
Dir = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Removes directory Dir at the remote server.
Types:
Pid = pid()
LocalFile = RemoteFile = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason() | shortage_reason()
Transfers the file LocalFile to the remote server. If RemoteFile
is specified, the name of the remote file is set to RemoteFile;
otherwise the name is set to LocalFile.
Types:
Pid = pid()
Bin = binary()()
RemoteFile = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason() | shortage_reason()
Transfers the binary Bin into the file RemoteFile at the remote
server.
Types:
Pid = pid()
Bin = binary()
Reason = echunk | restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Transfer the chunk Bin to the remote server, which writes it into the
file specified in the call to send_chunk_start/2.
Note that for some errors, e.g. file system full, it is necessary to to call
send_chunk_end to get the proper reason.
Types:
Pid = pid()
File = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Start transfer of chunks into the file File at the remote server.
Types:
Pid = pid()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason() | shortage_reason()
Stops transfer of chunks to the remote server. The file at the remote server,
specified in the call to send_chunk_start/2 is closed by the
server.
Types:
Pid = pid()
Type = ascii | binary
Reason = etype | restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Sets the file transfer type to ascii or binary. When an ftp
session is opened, the default transfer type of the server is used, most often
ascii, which is the default according to RFC 959.
Types:
Pid = pid()
User = Password = string()
Reason = euser | common_reason()
Performs login of User with Password.
Types:
Pid = pid()
User = Password = string()
Reason = euser | common_reason()
Performs login of User with Password to the account specified by
Account.
Types:
Pid = pid()
Command = string()
FTPLine = string() - Note the telnet end of line characters, from the ftp
protocol definition, CRLF e.g. "\\r\\n" has been removed.
Sends an arbitrary FTP command and returns verbatimly a list of the lines sent
back by the FTP server. This functions is intended to give an application
accesses to FTP commands that are server specific or that may not be provided
by this FTP client.
Note:
FTP commands that require a data connection can not be successfully issued with
this function.
ERRORS¶
The possible error reasons and the corresponding diagnostic strings returned by formaterror/1 are as follows:- echunk:
- Synchronisation error during chunk sending.
A call has been made to send_chunk/2 or send_chunk_end/1, before a
call to send_chunk_start/2; or a call has been made to another transfer
function during chunk sending, i.e. before a call to
send_chunk_end/1.
- eclosed:
- The session has been closed.
- econn:
- Connection to remote server prematurely closed.
- ehost:
- Host not found, FTP server not found, or connection rejected by FTP server.
- elogin:
- User not logged in.
- enotbinary:
- Term is not a binary.
- epath:
- No such file or directory, or directory already exists, or permission denied.
- etype:
- No such type.
- euser:
- User name or password not valid.
- etnospc:
- Insufficient storage space in system [452].
- epnospc:
- Exceeded storage allocation (for current directory or dataset) [552].
- efnamena:
- File name not allowed [553].
SEE ALSO¶
file, filename, J. Postel and J. Reynolds: File Transfer Protocol (RFC 959).inets 5.10.3 | Ericsson AB |