table of contents
dnsviz-probe(1) | General Commands Manual | dnsviz-probe(1) |
NAME¶
dnsviz-probe - issue diagnostic DNS queriesSYNOPSIS¶
dnsviz probe [ options ] [ domain_name... ]DESCRIPTION¶
Perform a series of diagnostic queries of specified names to either recursive (default) or authoritative DNS servers, the results of which are serialized into JSON format. Its output is used to assess the health of DNS deployments, using, e.g., dnsviz-grok(1) and dnsviz-graph(1).Domain names to be processed may be passed either as command-line arguments or in a file (using the -f option). When the -r option is used, then the domain names can simply be implied using the diagnostic query input.
Domain names are extracted from the diagnostic query input in conjunction with -r only when -f is not used and no domain names are supplied on the command line. If the -f option is used, then names may not be specified on the command line.
The domain names passed as input are fully-qualified domain names, such as example.com, www.example.com, _443._tcp.example.com, 1.2.0.192.in-addr.arpa, or 8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa. Because it is implied that specified domain names are fully qualified, no trailing dot is necessary.
OPTIONS¶
- -f filename
- Read names from a file (one name per line), instead of from command line.
If this option is used, then names may not be specified on the command line.
- -d level
- Set debug level to a value from 0 to 3, with increasing verbosity. The default is "2" (informational-level output).
- -r filename
- Read diagnostic query input from the specified file, instead of querying servers. Specify "-" to read from standard input.
- -t threads
- Specify the number of threads to use for issuing diagnostic queries for different names in parallel. The default is to execute diagnostic queries of names serially.
- -4
- Use IPv4 only.
- -6
- Use IPv6 only.
- -b address
- Specify a source IPv4 or IPv6 address for queries, rather than detecting
it.
This option can be used more than once to supply both an IPv4 and an IPv6 address.
The use of this option is sometimes necessary when using a dual-homed machine, and it is desirable to use the non-default interface for queries.
- -u url
- Specify the URL (HTTP/HTTPS only) for a DNS looking glass that will send the diagnostic queries, rather than sending them locally.
Issue DNS queries from www.example.com using the cgi script dnsviz-lg.cgi:
http://www.example.com/cgi-bin/dnsviz-lg.cgi
Same, but use HTTP Basic authentication:
http://username:password@www.example.com/cgi-bin/dnsviz-lg.cgi
Note that a looking glass that uses https is only supported when using python version 2.7.9 or greater.
- -k
- When -u is used to specify the URL of a DNS looking glass, don't verify the server-side TLS cert.
- -a ancestor
- Issue diagnostic queries of each domain name through the specified ancestor. The default for recursive mode is "." (i.e., issue queries all the way to the root). The default for authoritative mode (i.e., with -A) is the domain name itself.
- -R type[,type...]
- Issue diagnostic queries for only the specified type(s) (e.g., A, AAAA). The default is to pick query types based on the nature of the name (e.g., the number of labels, whether it is a subdomain of .arpa, labels indicating association to TLSA or SRV records, etc.) and whether there are NS records detected (i.e., it is a zone).
- -s server[,server...]
- Designate one or more servers for recursive queries, rather than using
those specified in /etc/resolv.conf.
Each server specified may either be an address (IPv4 or IPv6), a domain name (which will be resolved to an address using the standard resolution process), or both, using the syntax name=address. Note that when both a name and an address are specified (name=address), the name is only used for identification purposes, and it doesn't matter whether the name resolves to the corresponding address (or at all, for that matter). IPv6 addresses must be wrapped in square brackets, e.g., "[2001:db8::1]".
Each server value may optionally be suffixed with a numeric port on which the server should be contacted. If not specified, the standard DNS port, 53, is used.
The following are example server values:
ns1.example.com
ns1.example.com:5333
ns1.example.com=192.0.2.1
ns1.example.com=[2001:db8::1]
ns1.example.com=[2001:db8::1]:5333
192.0.2.1
This option cannot be used in conjunction with -A.
- -A
- Query authoritative servers, rather than (the default) recursive servers.
- -x domain[+]:server[,server...]
- Explicitly designate authoritative servers for a domain, rather than
learning them by following delegations. This option dictates which servers
will be queried for a domain, but the servers specified will not be used
to check NS or glue record consistency with the child; for that behavior,
see -N.
The default behavior is to identify and query servers authoritative for ancestors of the specified domain, if other options so dictate. However, if the domain ends in "+", then queries aren't issued for servers authoritative for ancestor domains of the domain. For example, with the following command:
the com servers will be queried for DS records for example.com. However, if the following is used:
no queries are performed at com servers or above, including DS records for example.com.
See -s for the syntax used for designating servers. However, unlike the -s option, a zone file may be specified in lieu of a server name and/or address, in which case an instance of named(8) is started, the zone is served from that instance, and queries for the domain are directed to the local instance of named(8) serving that zone. For example, if example.com.zone is a file containing the contents of the example.com zone, the following command could be used to specify that the zone file should be used:
This option may be used multiple times on the command line.
This option can only be used in conjunction with -A.
- -N domain:server[,server...]
- Specify delegation information for a domain, i.e., the NS and glue records
for the domain, which would be served by the domain's parent. This is used
for testing new delegations or testing a potential change to a delegation.
This option has similar usage to that of the -x option. The major difference is that the server names supplied comprise the NS record set, and the addresses supplied represent glue records. Thus if there are discrepancies between the authoritative responses for the NS RRset and glue and what is supplied on the command line, an error will be reported when the output is subsequently assessed, e.g., using dnsviz-grok(1).
In lieu of specifying the record data itself on the command line, a file may be specified, which contains the delegation NS and glue records for the domain.
- -D domain:ds[,ds...]
- Specify one or more delegation signer (DS) records for a domain. This is
used in conjunction with the -N option for testing the introduction
or change of DS records.
The DS records themselves are specified using the the textual representation of their record data. For example the following DS records for example.com:
31589 8 1 3490A6806D47F17A34C29E2CE80E8A999FFBE4BE
31589 8 2 CDE0D742D6998AA554A92D890F8184C698CFAC8A26FA59875A990C03 E576343C
would be specified by passing this value to -D:
31589 8 2 CDE0D742D6998AA554A92D890F8184C698CFAC8A26FA59875A990C03 E576343C"
In lieu of specifying the record data itself on the command line, a file may be specified, which contains the DS records. For example:
This option must be used in conjunction with the -N option.
- -n
- Use the NSID EDNS option with every DNS query issued.
- -e subnet[:prefix]
- Use the EDNS Client Subnet option with every DNS query issued, using the specified subnet and prefix as values. If prefix is not specified, the prefix is the length of the entire address.
- -E
- Include diagnostic DNS queries that can assess EDNS compatibility of
servers.
If this option is used, each server probed will be queried with "future" EDNS settings, the respective responses can later be assessed for proper behavior. These settings include future EDNS versions (i.e., > 0), unknown options, and unknown flags.
- -o filename
- Write the output to the specified file instead of to standard output, which is the default.
- -p
- Make JSON output "pretty" instead of minimal (i.e., using indentation and newlines). Note that this is the default when the output is a TTY.
- -h
- Display the usage and exit.
EXIT CODES¶
The exit codes are:- 0
- Program terminated normally.
- 1
- Incorrect usage.
- 2
- The network was unavailable for diagnostic queries.
- 3
- There was an error processing the input or saving the output.
- 4
- Program execution was interrupted, or an unknown error ocurred.
SEE ALSO¶
dnsviz(1), dnsviz-grok(1), dnsviz-graph(1), dnsviz-print(1), dnsviz-query(1)28 Oct 2016 | 0.6.4 |