NAME¶
zipinfo - list detailed information about a ZIP archive
SYNOPSIS¶
zipinfo [
-12smlvhMtTz]
file[
.zip] [
file(s) ...] [
-x xfile(s) ...]
unzip -Z [
-12smlvhMtTz]
file[
.zip] [
file(s) ...] [
-x xfile(s) ...]
DESCRIPTION¶
zipinfo lists technical information about files in a ZIP archive, most
commonly found on MS-DOS systems. Such information includes file access
permissions, encryption status, type of compression, version and operating
system or file system of compressing program, and the like. The default
behavior (with no options) is to list single-line entries for each file in the
archive, with header and trailer lines providing summary information for the
entire archive. The format is a cross between Unix ``ls -l'' and ``unzip -v''
output. See
DETAILED DESCRIPTION below. Note that
zipinfo is the
same program as
unzip (under Unix, a link to it); on some systems,
however,
zipinfo support may have been omitted when
unzip was
compiled.
ARGUMENTS¶
- file[.zip]
- Path of the ZIP archive(s). If the file specification is a wildcard, each
matching file is processed in an order determined by the operating system
(or file system). Only the filename can be a wildcard; the path itself
cannot. Wildcard expressions are similar to Unix egrep(1) (regular)
expressions and may contain:
- *
- matches a sequence of 0 or more characters
- ?
- matches exactly 1 character
- [...]
- matches any single character found inside the brackets; ranges are
specified by a beginning character, a hyphen, and an ending character. If
an exclamation point or a caret (`!' or `^') follows the left bracket,
then the range of characters within the brackets is complemented (that is,
anything except the characters inside the brackets is considered a
match). To specify a verbatim left bracket, the three-character sequence
``[[]'' has to be used.
- (Be sure to quote any character that might otherwise be interpreted or
modified by the operating system, particularly under Unix and VMS.) If no
matches are found, the specification is assumed to be a literal filename;
and if that also fails, the suffix .zip is appended. Note that
self-extracting ZIP files are supported, as with any other ZIP archive;
just specify the .exe suffix (if any) explicitly.
- [file(s)]
- An optional list of archive members to be processed, separated by spaces.
(VMS versions compiled with VMSCLI defined must delimit files with commas
instead.) Regular expressions (wildcards) may be used to match multiple
members; see above. Again, be sure to quote expressions that would
otherwise be expanded or modified by the operating system.
- [-x xfile(s)]
- An optional list of archive members to be excluded from processing.
OPTIONS¶
- -1
- list filenames only, one per line. This option excludes all others;
headers, trailers and zipfile comments are never printed. It is intended
for use in Unix shell scripts.
- -2
- list filenames only, one per line, but allow headers (-h), trailers
( -t) and zipfile comments (-z), as well. This option may be
useful in cases where the stored filenames are particularly long.
- -s
- list zipfile info in short Unix ``ls -l'' format. This is the default
behavior; see below.
- -m
- list zipfile info in medium Unix ``ls -l'' format. Identical to the
-s output, except that the compression factor, expressed as a
percentage, is also listed.
- -l
- list zipfile info in long Unix ``ls -l'' format. As with -m except
that the compressed size (in bytes) is printed instead of the compression
ratio.
- -v
- list zipfile information in verbose, multi-page format.
- -h
- list header line. The archive name, actual size (in bytes) and total
number of files is printed.
- -M
- pipe all output through an internal pager similar to the Unix
more(1) command. At the end of a screenful of output,
zipinfo pauses with a ``--More--'' prompt; the next screenful may
be viewed by pressing the Enter (Return) key or the space bar.
zipinfo can be terminated by pressing the ``q'' key and, on some
systems, the Enter/Return key. Unlike Unix more(1), there is no
forward-searching or editing capability. Also, zipinfo doesn't
notice if long lines wrap at the edge of the screen, effectively resulting
in the printing of two or more lines and the likelihood that some text
will scroll off the top of the screen before being viewed. On some systems
the number of available lines on the screen is not detected, in which case
zipinfo assumes the height is 24 lines.
- -t
- list totals for files listed or for all files. The number of files listed,
their uncompressed and compressed total sizes , and their overall
compression factor is printed; or, if only the totals line is being
printed, the values for the entire archive are given. The compressed total
size does not include the 12 additional header bytes of each encrypted
entry. Note that the total compressed (data) size will never match the
actual zipfile size, since the latter includes all of the internal zipfile
headers in addition to the compressed data.
- -T
- print the file dates and times in a sortable decimal format
(yymmdd.hhmmss). The default date format is a more standard,
human-readable version with abbreviated month names (see examples
below).
- -U
- [UNICODE_SUPPORT only] modify or disable UTF-8 handling. When
UNICODE_SUPPORT is available, the option -U forces unzip to
escape all non-ASCII characters from UTF-8 coded filenames as ``#Uxxxx''.
This option is mainly provided for debugging purpose when the fairly new
UTF-8 support is suspected to mangle up extracted filenames.
- The option -UU allows to entirely disable the recognition of UTF-8
encoded filenames. The handling of filename codings within unzip
falls back to the behaviour of previous versions.
- -z
- include the archive comment (if any) in the listing.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION¶
zipinfo has a number of modes, and its behavior can be rather difficult
to fathom if one isn't familiar with Unix
ls(1) (or even if one is).
The default behavior is to list files in the following format:
-rw-rws--- 1.9 unx 2802 t- defX 11-Aug-91 13:48 perms.2660
The last three fields are the modification date and time of the file, and its
name. The case of the filename is respected; thus files that come from MS-DOS
PKZIP are always capitalized. If the file was zipped with a stored directory
name, that is also displayed as part of the filename.
The second and third fields indicate that the file was zipped under Unix with
version 1.9 of
zip. Since it comes from Unix, the file permissions at
the beginning of the line are printed in Unix format. The uncompressed
file-size (2802 in this example) is the fourth field.
The fifth field consists of two characters, either of which may take on several
values. The first character may be either `t' or `b', indicating that
zip believes the file to be text or binary, respectively; but if the
file is encrypted,
zipinfo notes this fact by capitalizing the
character (`T' or `B'). The second character may also take on four values,
depending on whether there is an extended local header and/or an ``extra
field'' associated with the file (fully explained in PKWare's APPNOTE.TXT, but
basically analogous to pragmas in ANSI C--i.e., they provide a standard way to
include non-standard information in the archive). If neither exists, the
character will be a hyphen (`-'); if there is an extended local header but no
extra field, `l'; if the reverse, `x'; and if both exist, `X'. Thus the file
in this example is (probably) a text file, is not encrypted, and has neither
an extra field nor an extended local header associated with it. The example
below, on the other hand, is an encrypted binary file with an extra field:
RWD,R,R 0.9 vms 168 Bx shrk 9-Aug-91 19:15 perms.0644
Extra fields are used for various purposes (see discussion of the
-v
option below) including the storage of VMS file attributes, which is
presumably the case here. Note that the file attributes are listed in VMS
format. Some other possibilities for the host operating system (which is
actually a misnomer--host file system is more correct) include OS/2 or NT with
High Performance File System (HPFS), MS-DOS, OS/2 or NT with File Allocation
Table (FAT) file system, and Macintosh. These are denoted as follows:
-rw-a-- 1.0 hpf 5358 Tl i4:3 4-Dec-91 11:33 longfilename.hpfs
-r--ahs 1.1 fat 4096 b- i4:2 14-Jul-91 12:58 EA DATA. SF
--w------- 1.0 mac 17357 bx i8:2 4-May-92 04:02 unzip.macr
File attributes in the first two cases are indicated in a Unix-like format,
where the seven subfields indicate whether the file: (1) is a directory, (2)
is readable (always true), (3) is writable, (4) is executable (guessed on the
basis of the extension--
.exe,
.com,
.bat,
.cmd
and
.btm files are assumed to be so), (5) has its archive bit set, (6)
is hidden, and (7) is a system file. Interpretation of Macintosh file
attributes is unreliable because some Macintosh archivers don't store any
attributes in the archive.
Finally, the sixth field indicates the compression method and possible
sub-method used. There are six methods known at present: storing (no
compression), reducing, shrinking, imploding, tokenizing (never publicly
released), and deflating. In addition, there are four levels of reducing (1
through 4); four types of imploding (4K or 8K sliding dictionary, and 2 or 3
Shannon-Fano trees); and four levels of deflating (superfast, fast, normal,
maximum compression).
zipinfo represents these methods and their
sub-methods as follows:
stor;
re:1,
re:2, etc.;
shrk;
i4:2,
i8:3, etc.;
tokn; and
defS,
defF,
defN, and
defX.
The medium and long listings are almost identical to the short format except
that they add information on the file's compression. The medium format lists
the file's compression factor as a percentage indicating the amount of space
that has been ``removed'':
-rw-rws--- 1.5 unx 2802 t- 81% defX 11-Aug-91 13:48 perms.2660
In this example, the file has been compressed by more than a factor of five; the
compressed data are only 19% of the original size. The long format gives the
compressed file's size in bytes, instead:
-rw-rws--- 1.5 unx 2802 t- 538 defX 11-Aug-91 13:48 perms.2660
In contrast to the
unzip listings, the compressed size figures in this
listing format denote the complete size of compressed data, including the 12
extra header bytes in case of encrypted entries.
Adding the
-T option changes the file date and time to decimal format:
-rw-rws--- 1.5 unx 2802 t- 538 defX 910811.134804 perms.2660
Note that because of limitations in the MS-DOS format used to store file times,
the seconds field is always rounded to the nearest even second. For Unix files
this is expected to change in the next major releases of
zip(1) and
unzip.
In addition to individual file information, a default zipfile listing also
includes header and trailer lines:
Archive: OS2.zip 5453 bytes 5 files
,,rw, 1.0 hpf 730 b- i4:3 26-Jun-92 23:40 Contents
,,rw, 1.0 hpf 3710 b- i4:3 26-Jun-92 23:33 makefile.os2
,,rw, 1.0 hpf 8753 b- i8:3 26-Jun-92 15:29 os2unzip.c
,,rw, 1.0 hpf 98 b- stor 21-Aug-91 15:34 unzip.def
,,rw, 1.0 hpf 95 b- stor 21-Aug-91 17:51 zipinfo.def
5 files, 13386 bytes uncompressed, 4951 bytes compressed: 63.0%
The header line gives the name of the archive, its total size, and the total
number of files; the trailer gives the number of files listed, their total
uncompressed size, and their total compressed size (not including any of
zip's internal overhead). If, however, one or more
file(s) are
provided, the header and trailer lines are not listed. This behavior is also
similar to that of Unix's ``ls -l''; it may be overridden by specifying the
-h and
-t options explicitly. In such a case the listing format
must also be specified explicitly, since
-h or
-t (or both) in
the absence of other options implies that ONLY the header or trailer line (or
both) is listed. See the
EXAMPLES section below for a semi-intelligible
translation of this nonsense.
The verbose listing is mostly self-explanatory. It also lists file comments and
the zipfile comment, if any, and the type and number of bytes in any stored
extra fields. Currently known types of extra fields include PKWARE's
authentication (``AV'') info; OS/2 extended attributes; VMS filesystem info,
both PKWARE and Info-ZIP versions; Macintosh resource forks; Acorn/Archimedes
SparkFS info; and so on. (Note that in the case of OS/2 extended
attributes--perhaps the most common use of zipfile extra fields--the size of
the stored EAs as reported by
zipinfo may not match the number given by
OS/2's
dir command: OS/2 always reports the number of bytes required in
16-bit format, whereas
zipinfo always reports the 32-bit storage.)
Again, the compressed size figures of the individual entries include the 12
extra header bytes for encrypted entries. In contrast, the archive total
compressed size and the average compression ratio shown in the summary bottom
line are calculated
without the extra 12 header bytes of encrypted
entries.
ENVIRONMENT OPTIONS¶
Modifying
zipinfo's default behavior via options placed in an environment
variable can be a bit complicated to explain, due to
zipinfo's attempts
to handle various defaults in an intuitive, yet Unix-like, manner. (Try not to
laugh.) Nevertheless, there is some underlying logic. In brief, there are
three ``priority levels'' of options: the default options; environment
options, which can override or add to the defaults; and explicit options given
by the user, which can override or add to either of the above.
The default listing format, as noted above, corresponds roughly to the
"zipinfo -hst" command (except when individual zipfile members are
specified). A user who prefers the long-listing format (
-l) can make
use of the
zipinfo's environment variable to change this default:
- Unix Bourne shell:
- ZIPINFO=-l; export ZIPINFO
- Unix C shell:
- setenv ZIPINFO -l
- OS/2 or MS-DOS:
- set ZIPINFO=-l
- VMS (quotes for lowercase):
- define ZIPINFO_OPTS "-l"
If, in addition, the user dislikes the trailer line,
zipinfo's concept of
``negative options'' may be used to override the default inclusion of the
line. This is accomplished by preceding the undesired option with one or more
minuses: e.g., ``-l-t'' or ``--tl'', in this example. The first hyphen is the
regular switch character, but the one before the `t' is a minus sign. The dual
use of hyphens may seem a little awkward, but it's reasonably intuitive
nonetheless: simply ignore the first hyphen and go from there. It is also
consistent with the behavior of the Unix command
nice(1).
As suggested above, the default variable names are ZIPINFO_OPTS for VMS (where
the symbol used to install
zipinfo as a foreign command would otherwise
be confused with the environment variable), and ZIPINFO for all other
operating systems. For compatibility with
zip(1), ZIPINFOOPT is also
accepted (don't ask). If both ZIPINFO and ZIPINFOOPT are defined, however,
ZIPINFO takes precedence.
unzip's diagnostic option (
-v with no
zipfile name) can be used to check the values of all four possible
unzip and
zipinfo environment variables.
EXAMPLES¶
To get a basic, short-format listing of the complete contents of a ZIP archive
storage.zip, with both header and totals lines, use only the archive
name as an argument to zipinfo:
zipinfo storage
To produce a basic, long-format listing (not verbose), including header and
totals lines, use
-l:
zipinfo -l storage
To list the complete contents of the archive without header and totals lines,
either negate the
-h and
-t options or else specify the contents
explicitly:
zipinfo --h-t storage
zipinfo storage \*
(where the backslash is required only if the shell would otherwise expand the
`*' wildcard, as in Unix when globbing is turned on--double quotes around the
asterisk would have worked as well). To turn off the totals line by default,
use the environment variable (C shell is assumed here):
setenv ZIPINFO --t
zipinfo storage
To get the full, short-format listing of the first example again, given that the
environment variable is set as in the previous example, it is necessary to
specify the
-s option explicitly, since the
-t option by itself
implies that ONLY the footer line is to be printed:
setenv ZIPINFO --t
zipinfo -t storage [only totals line]
zipinfo -st storage [full listing]
The
-s option, like
-m and
-l, includes headers and footers
by default, unless otherwise specified. Since the environment variable
specified no footers and that has a higher precedence than the default
behavior of
-s, an explicit
-t option was necessary to produce
the full listing. Nothing was indicated about the header, however, so the
-s option was sufficient. Note that both the
-h and
-t
options, when used by themselves or with each other, override any default
listing of member files; only the header and/or footer are printed. This
behavior is useful when
zipinfo is used with a wildcard zipfile
specification; the contents of all zipfiles are then summarized with a single
command.
To list information on a single file within the archive, in medium format,
specify the filename explicitly:
zipinfo -m storage unshrink.c
The specification of any member file, as in this example, will override the
default header and totals lines; only the single line of information about the
requested file will be printed. This is intuitively what one would expect when
requesting information about a single file. For multiple files, it is often
useful to know the total compressed and uncompressed size; in such cases
-t may be specified explicitly:
zipinfo -mt storage "*.[ch]" Mak\*
To get maximal information about the ZIP archive, use the verbose option. It is
usually wise to pipe the output into a filter such as Unix
more(1) if
the operating system allows it:
zipinfo -v storage | more
Finally, to see the most recently modified files in the archive, use the
-T option in conjunction with an external sorting utility such as Unix
sort(1) (and
sed(1) as well, in this example):
zipinfo -T storage | sort -nr -k 7 | sed 15q
The
-nr option to
sort(1) tells it to sort numerically in reverse
order rather than in textual order, and the
-k 7 option tells it
to sort on the seventh field. This assumes the default short-listing format;
if
-m or
-l is used, the proper
sort(1) option would be
-k 8. Older versions of
sort(1) do not support the
-k option, but you can use the traditional
+ option instead,
e.g.,
+6 instead of
-k 7. The
sed(1) command
filters out all but the first 15 lines of the listing. Future releases of
zipinfo may incorporate date/time and filename sorting as built-in
options.
TIPS¶
The author finds it convenient to define an alias
ii for
zipinfo
on systems that allow aliases (or, on other systems, copy/rename the
executable, create a link or create a command file with the name
ii).
The
ii usage parallels the common
ll alias for long listings in
Unix, and the similarity between the outputs of the two commands was
intentional.
BUGS¶
As with
unzip,
zipinfo's
-M (``more'') option is overly
simplistic in its handling of screen output; as noted above, it fails to
detect the wrapping of long lines and may thereby cause lines at the top of
the screen to be scrolled off before being read.
zipinfo should detect
and treat each occurrence of line-wrap as one additional line printed. This
requires knowledge of the screen's width as well as its height. In addition,
zipinfo should detect the true screen geometry on all systems.
zipinfo's listing-format behavior is unnecessarily complex and should be
simplified. (This is not to say that it will be.)
SEE ALSO¶
ls(1),
funzip(1),
unzip(1),
unzipsfx(1),
zip(1),
zipcloak(1),
zipnote(1),
zipsplit(1)
URL¶
The Info-ZIP home page is currently at
http://www.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/
or
ftp://ftp.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/ .
AUTHOR¶
Greg ``Cave Newt'' Roelofs. ZipInfo contains pattern-matching code by Mark Adler
and fixes/improvements by many others. Please refer to the CONTRIBS file in
the UnZip source distribution for a more complete list.