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glob(3tcl) | Tcl Built-In Commands | glob(3tcl) |
NAME¶
glob - Return names of files that match patternsSYNOPSIS¶
glob ?switches? ?pattern ...?DESCRIPTION¶
This command performs file name “globbing” in a fashion similar to the csh shell or bash shell. It returns a list of the files whose names match any of the pattern arguments. No particular order is guaranteed in the list, so if a sorted list is required the caller should use lsort.OPTIONS¶
If the initial arguments to glob start with - then they are treated as switches. The following switches are currently supported:- -directory directory
- Search for files which match the given patterns starting in the given directory. This allows searching of directories whose name contains glob-sensitive characters without the need to quote such characters explicitly. This option may not be used in conjunction with -path, which is used to allow searching for complete file paths whose names may contain glob-sensitive characters.
- -join
- The remaining pattern arguments, after option processing, are treated as a single pattern obtained by joining the arguments with directory separators.
- -nocomplain
- Allows an empty list to be returned without error; without this switch an error is returned if the result list would be empty.
- -path pathPrefix
- Search for files with the given pathPrefix where the rest of the name matches the given patterns. This allows searching for files with names similar to a given file (as opposed to a directory) even when the names contain glob-sensitive characters. This option may not be used in conjunction with -directory. For example, to find all files with the same root name as $path, but differing extensions, you should use “ glob -path [file rootname $path] .*” which will work even if $path contains numerous glob-sensitive characters.
- -tails
- Only return the part of each file found which follows the last directory named in any -directory or -path path specification. Thus “ glob -tails -directory $dir *” is equivalent to “ set pwd [pwd]; cd $dir; glob *; cd $pwd”. For -path specifications, the returned names will include the last path segment, so “ glob -tails -path [file rootname ~/foo.tex] .*” will return paths like foo.aux foo.bib foo.tex etc.
- -types typeList
- Only list files or directories which match typeList, where the items in the list have two forms. The first form is like the -type option of the Unix find command: b (block special file), c (character special file), d (directory), f (plain file), l (symbolic link), p (named pipe), or s (socket), where multiple types may be specified in the list. Glob will return all files which match at least one of the types given. Note that symbolic links will be returned both if -types l is given, or if the target of a link matches the requested type. So, a link to a directory will be returned if -types d was specified.
The second form specifies types where all the types given must match. These are
r, w, x as file permissions, and readonly,
hidden as special permission cases. On the Macintosh, MacOS types and
creators are also supported, where any item which is four characters long is
assumed to be a MacOS type (e.g. TEXT). Items which are of the form
{macintosh type XXXX} or {macintosh creator XXXX} will match
types or creators respectively. Unrecognized types, or specifications of
multiple MacOS types/creators will signal an error.
The two forms may be mixed, so -types {d f r w} will find all regular
files OR directories that have both read AND write permissions. The following
are equivalent:
except that the first case doesn't return the trailing “/” and is
more platform independent.
glob -type d * glob */
- --
- Marks the end of switches. The argument following this one will be treated as a pattern even if it starts with a -.
GLOBBING PATTERNS¶
The pattern arguments may contain any of the following special characters, which are a superset of those supported by string match:- ?
- Matches any single character.
- *
- Matches any sequence of zero or more characters.
- [chars]
- Matches any single character in chars. If chars contains a sequence of the form a-b then any character between a and b (inclusive) will match.
- \x
- Matches the character x.
- {a,b,...}
- Matches any of the sub-patterns a, b, etc.
WINDOWS PORTABILITY ISSUES¶
For Windows UNC names, the servername and sharename components of the path may not contain ?, *, or [] constructs. On Windows NT, if pattern is of the form “ ~username@domain”, it refers to the home directory of the user whose account information resides on the specified NT domain server. Otherwise, user account information is obtained from the local computer. On Windows 95 and 98, glob accepted patterns like “.../” and “..../” for successively higher up parent directories, but later versions of Windows do not accept these forms. Since the backslash character has a special meaning to the glob command, glob patterns containing Windows style path separators need special care. The pattern “ C:\\foo\\*” is interpreted as “ C:\foo\*” where “ \f” will match the single character “ f” and “ \*” will match the single character “ *” and will not be interpreted as a wildcard character. One solution to this problem is to use the Unix style forward slash as a path separator. Windows style paths can be converted to Unix style paths with the command “ file join $path” or “ file normalize $path”.EXAMPLES¶
Find all the Tcl files in the current directory:glob *.tcl
glob -directory ~ *.tcl
glob -type d *
glob -type f *{a,b,cde}*
SEE ALSO¶
file(3tcl)KEYWORDS¶
exist, file, glob, pattern8.3 | Tcl |