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WALMGR3(1)   WALMGR3(1)

NAME

walmgr3 - tool for managing WAL-based replication for PostgreSQL.

SYNOPSIS

walmgr3 <config.ini> command [--not-really] [options]

DESCRIPTION

Walmgr3 is a tool to handle replication of PostgreSQL with PITR (also known as Log Shipping).
This script allows to setup and administer the replication, it is also used by PostgreSQL to archive and restore the WAL files.
See QUICK START below to start your first log shipping in few steps.
The command is one of the Master, Slave, Common or Internal commands listed below.

GENERAL OPTIONS

-V, --version
Print version info and exit.
-h, --help
Show this help message and exit.
-q, --quiet
Log only errors and warnings.
-v, --verbose
Log verbosely.
-d, --daemon
Run in daemon mode (go background).
-n, --not-really
Show what would be done without actually doing anything.

SPECIFIC OPTIONS

--ini
Display sample ini file.
--set=" param=val[,param=value]"
Override config setting
--init-master
Initialize Master walmgr3 configuration.
--init-slave
Initialize Slave walmgr3 configuration.
--config-dir= filepath
Configuration file location for --init-X commands.
--slave= hostname
Slave host name.
--pgdata= path
PostgreSQL data directory.
--ssh-keygen
Generate a SSH key pair if needed (used in Master).
--ssh-add-key= keyfile.pub
Add the public key file to authorized_hosts file (used in Slave).
--ssh-remove-key= ssh_key
Remove Master ssh key from authorized_hosts file (used in Slave).
--primary-conninfo= connection_string
Provide the connection string to the streaming replication Master (used in Slave).
--add-password= plaintext_file
Add password for streaming replication from plain text file to .pgpass. Additional fields for password file entry will be extracted from primary-conninfo (used in Slave).
--remove-password
Remove .pgpass entry, which was used for streaming replication (used in Slave)
--synch-standby= synchronous_standby_names
Do the same thing as command synch-standby, but walmgr ini file is not used. This option can be used when walmgr ini is not available. It tries to guess the postgres config location, --pgdata option may also be needed. (used in Master)

DAEMON OPTIONS

-r, --reload
Reload config (send SIGHUP).
-s, --stop
Stop program safely (send SIGINT).
-k, --kill
Kill program immediately (send SIGTERM).

MASTER COMMANDS

setup

Sets up PostgreSQL for WAL archiving, creates necessary directory structures on Slave.

sync

Copies in-progress WAL files to Slave.

syncdaemon

Start WAL synchronization in daemon mode. This will start periodically synching the in-progress WAL files to Slave.
The following configuration parameters are used to drive the syncdaemon:
•loop_delay - how long to sleep between the synchs.
•use_xlog_functions - use record based shipping to synchronize in-progress WAL segments.

stop

Stop archiving and de-configure PostgreSQL archiving.

periodic

Runs periodic command if configured. This enables to execute arbitrary commands on interval, useful for synchronizing scripts, config files, crontabs etc.

synch-standby

Enables/disables synchronous streaming replication for given application name(s). Does additional check before enabling synchronous mode.

SLAVE COMMANDS

boot

Stop WAL playback and bring the database up so it can accept queries.

pause

Pauses WAL playback.

continue

Continues previously paused WAL playback.

createslave

Creates backup from Master database using streaming replication. Also creates recovery.conf and starts slave standby. Backup is created with pg_basebackup and pg_receivexlog (available in 9.2 and up).

COMMON COMMANDS

listbackups

Lists available backups on Slave node.

backup

Creates a new base backup from Master database. Will purge expired backups and WAL files on Slave if keep_backups is not specified. During a backup a lock file is created in Slave completed_wals directory. This is to prevent simultaneous backups and resulting corruption. If running backup is terminated, the BACKUPLOCK file may have to be removed manually.
EXPERIMENTAL: If run on Slave, creates backup from in-recovery Slave data. WAL playback is paused, Slave data directory is backed up to full_backup directory and WAL playback is resumed. Backups are rotated as needed. The idea is to move the backup load away from production node. Usable from PostgreSQL 8.2 and up.

restore [src[dst]]

Restores the specified backup set to target directory. If specified without arguments the latest backup is moved to Slave data directory (doesn’t obey retention rules). If src backup is specified the backup is copied (instead of moved). Alternative destination directory can be specified with dst.

cleanup

Cleanup any walmgr3 files after stop.

INTERNAL COMMANDS

xarchive <srcpath> <srcname>

On Master, archive one WAL file.

xrestore <srcname> <dstpath> [last restartpoint wal]

On Slave, restore one WAL file.

xlock

On Master, create lock file to deny other concurrent backups.

xrelease

On Slave, remove backup lock file, allow other backup to run.

xrotate

Rotate backups by increasing backup directory suffixes. Note that since we also have to make room for next backup, we actually have keep_backups - 1 backups available after this.
Unneeded WAL files are not removed here, it is handled by xpurgewals command instead.

xpurgewals

On Slave, remove WAL files not needed for recovery.

xpartialsync <filename> <offset> <bytes>

Read bytes worth of data from stdin, append to the partial WAl file starting from offset. On error it is assumed that master restarts from zero.
The resulting file is always padded to XLOG_SEGMENT_SIZE bytes to simplify recovery.

CONFIGURATION

Common settings

job_name
 
Optional. Indentifies this script, used in logging. Keep unique if using central logging.
 
logfile
 
Where to log.
 
use_skylog
 
Optional. If nonzero, skylog.ini is used for log configuration.

Master settings

pidfile
 
Pid file location for syncdaemon mode (if running with -d). Otherwise not required.
 
master_db
 
Database to connect to for pg_start_backup(), etc. It is not a good idea to use dbname=template if running syncdaemon in record shipping mode.
 
master_data
 
Master data directory location.
 
master_config
 
Master postgresql.conf file location. This is where archive_command gets updated.
 
master_restart_cmd
 
The command to restart Master database, this used after changing archive_mode parameter. Leave unset if you cannot afford to restart the database at setup/stop.
 
slave
 
Slave host and base directory.
 
slave_config
 
Configuration file location for the Slave walmgr3.
 
completed_wals
 
Slave directory where archived WAL files are copied.
 
partial_wals
 
Slave directory where incomplete WAL files are stored.
 
full_backup
 
Slave directory where full backups are stored.
 
config_backup
 
Optional. Slave directory where configuration file backups are stored.
 
loop_delay
 
The frequency of syncdaemon updates. In record shipping mode only incremental updates are sent, so smaller interval can be used.
 
use_xlog_functions
 
Use pg_xlog functions for record based shipping (available in 8.2 and up).
 
compression
 
If nonzero, a -z flag is added to rsync cmdline. It reduces network traffic at the cost of extra CPU time.
 
keep_symlinks
 
Keep symlinks for pg_xlog and pg_log.
 
hot_standby
 
If set to 1, walmgr3 setup will set wal_level to hot_standby (PostgreSQL 9.0 and newer).
 
command_interval
 
How ofter to run periodic command script. In seconds, and only evaluated at log switch times.
 
periodic_command
 
Shell script to be executed at specified time interval. Can be used for synchronizing scripts, config files etc.

Sample master.ini

[walmgr]
job_name             = wal-master
logfile              = ~/log/%(job_name)s.log
pidfile              = ~/pid/%(job_name)s.pid
use_skylog           = 1

master_db            = dbname=my_db
master_data          = /var/lib/postgresql/9.1/main
master_config        = /etc/postgresql/9.1/main/postgresql.conf
master_bin           = /usr/lib/postgresql/9.1/bin

# set this only if you can afford database restarts during setup and stop.
#master_restart_cmd   = /etc/init.d/postgresql-9.1 restart

slave = slave-host
slave_config = /var/lib/postgresql/conf/wal-slave.ini

walmgr_data          = /var/lib/postgresql/walshipping
completed_wals       = %(walmgr_data)s/logs.complete
partial_wals         = %(walmgr_data)s/logs.partial
full_backup          = %(walmgr_data)s/data.master
config_backup        = %(walmgr_data)s/config.backup

# syncdaemon update frequency
loop_delay           = 10.0
# use record based shipping available since 8.2
use_xlog_functions   = 0

# pass -z to rsync, useful on low bandwidth links
compression          = 0

# keep symlinks for pg_xlog and pg_log
keep_symlinks        = 1

# tell walmgr to set wal_level to hot_standby during setup
#hot_standby = 1

# periodic sync
#command_interval     = 600
#periodic_command     = /var/lib/postgresql/walshipping/periodic.sh

Slave settings

slave_data
 
PostgreSQL data directory for the Slave. This is where the restored backup is copied/moved.
 
slave_bin
 
Specifies the location of PostgreSQL binaries (pg_controldata, etc). Needed if they are not already in the PATH.
 
slave_stop_cmd
 
Script to stop PostgreSQL on Slave.
 
slave_start_cmd
 
Script to start PostgreSQL on Slave.
 
slave_config_dir
 
Directory for PostgreSQL configuration files. If specified, walmgr3 restore attempts to restore configuration files from config_backup directory.
 
slave_pg_xlog
 
Set to the directory on the Slave where pg_xlog files get written to. On a restore to the Slave walmgr3 will create a symbolic link from data/pg_xlog to this location.
 
completed_wals
 
Directory where complete WAL files are stored. Also miscellaneous control files are created in this directory (BACKUPLOCK, STOP, PAUSE, etc.).
 
partial_wals
 
Directory where partial WAL files are stored.
 
full_backup
 
Directory where full backups are stored.
 
config_backup
 
Optional. Slave directory where configuration file backups are stored.
 
backup_datadir
 
Set backup_datadir to no to prevent walmgr3 from making a backup of the data directory when restoring to the Slave. This defaults to yes.
 
keep_backups
 
Number of backups to keep. Also all WAL files needed to bring earliest backup up to date are kept. The backups are rotated before new backup is started, so at one point there is actually one less backup available.
It probably doesn’t make sense to specify keep_backups if periodic backups are not performed - the WAL files will pile up quickly.
Backups will be named data.master, data.master.0, data.master.1 etc.
 
archive_command
 
Script to execute before rotating away the oldest backup. If it fails backups will not be rotated.
 
primary_conninfo
 
Primary database connection string for hot standby - enabling this will cause the Slave to be started in hot standby mode.

Sample slave.ini

[walmgr]
job_name             = wal-slave
logfile              = ~/log/%(job_name)s.log
use_skylog           = 1

slave_data           = /var/lib/postgresql/9.1/main
slave_bin            = /usr/lib/postgresql/9.1/bin
slave_stop_cmd       = /etc/init.d/postgresql-9.1 stop
slave_start_cmd      = /etc/init.d/postgresql-9.1 start
slave_config_dir     = /etc/postgresql/9.1/main

# alternative pg_xlog directory for slave, symlinked to  pg_xlog on restore
#slave_pg_xlog        = /vol2/pg_xlog

walmgr_data          = ~/walshipping
completed_wals       = %(walmgr_data)s/logs.complete
partial_wals         = %(walmgr_data)s/logs.partial
full_backup          = %(walmgr_data)s/data.master
config_backup        = %(walmgr_data)s/config.backup

backup_datadir       = yes
keep_backups         = 0
archive_command =

# primary database connect string for hot standby -- enabling
# this will cause the slave to be started in hot standby mode.
#primary_conninfo = host=master port=5432 user=postgres

EXIT STATUS

0
Successful program execution.

ENVIRONMENT

PostgreSQL environment variables can be used.

QUICK START

1.Set up passwordless ssh-key on Master and write configuration file 
master$ walmgr3 --ssh-keygen --init-master --slave <slave_hostname>
2.Set up passwordless ssh authentication from Master to Slave and write configuration file on Slave 
slave$ walmgr3 --init-slave --ssh-add-key=/tmp/id_rsa.pub
3.Logging setup on Master and Slave 
master$ cp skylog.ini ~postgres/
slave$ cp skylog.ini ~postgres/
4.Start archival process and create a base backup 
master$ walmgr3 /var/lib/postgresql/conf/wal-master.ini setup
master$ walmgr3 /var/lib/postgresql/conf/wal-master.ini backup

CAUTION: starting from PostgreSQL 8.3 the archiving is enabled by
setting archive_mode GUC to on. However changing this parameter
requires the server to be restarted.
5.Prepare postgresql.conf and pg_hba.conf on Slave and start replay 
slave$ walmgr3 /var/lib/postgresql/conf/wal-slave.ini restore

For debian based distributions the standard configuration files are
located in /etc/postgresql/x.x/main directory. If another scheme is
used the postgresql.conf and pg_hba.conf should be copied to slave
full_backup directory. Make sure to disable archive_command in slave
config.

'walmgr3 restore' moves data in place, creates recovery.conf and
starts postmaster in recovery mode.
6.In-progress WAL segments can be backup by command: 
master$ walmgr3 /var/lib/postgresql/conf/wal-master.ini sync
7.If need to stop replay on Slave and boot into normal mode, do: 
slave$ walmgr3 /var/lib/postgresql/conf/wal-slave.ini boot
08/13/2014