table of contents
PROJ(1) | General Commands Manual | PROJ(1) |
NAME¶
proj - forward cartographic projection filterSYNOPSIS¶
proj [ -bceEfiIlmorsStTvVwW [ args ] ] [ +args ] file[s]DESCRIPTION¶
Proj and invproj perform respective forward and inverse transformation of cartographic data to or from cartesian data with a wide range of selectable projection functions. The following control parameters can appear in any order:- -b
- Special option for binary coordinate data input and output through standard input and standard output. Data is assumed to be in system type double floating point words. This option is to be used when proj is a son process and allows bypassing formatting operations.
- -i
- Selects binary input only (see -b option).
- -I
- alternate method to specify inverse projection. Redundant when used with invproj.
- -o
- Selects binary output only (see -b option).
- -ta
- A specifies a character employed as the first character to denote a control line to be passed through without processing. This option applicable to ascii input only. (# is the default value).
- -e string
- String is an arbitrary string to be output if an error is detected during data transformations. The default value is: *\t*. Note that if the -b, -i or -o options are employed, an error is returned as HUGE_VAL value for both return values.
- -E
- causes the input coordinates to be copied to the output line prior to printing the converted values.
- -l[p|P|=|e|u|d]id
- List projection identifiers with -l, -lp or -lP (expanded) that can be selected with +proj. -l=id gives expanded description of projection id. List ellipsoid identifiers with -le, that can be selected with +ellps, -lu list of cartesian to meter conversion factors that can be selected with +units or -ld list of datums that can be selected with +datum.
- -r
- This options reverses the order of the expected input from longitude-latitude or x-y to latitude-longitude or y-x.
- -s
- This options reverses the order of the output from x-y or longitude-latitude to y-x or latitude-longitude.
- -S
- Causes estimation of meridinal and parallel scale factors, area scale factor and angular distortion, and maximum and minimum scale factors to be listed between <> for each input point. For conformal projections meridinal and parallel scales factors will be equal and angular distortion zero. Equal area projections will have an area factor of 1.
- -m mult
- The cartesian data may be scaled by the mult parameter. When processing data in a forward projection mode the cartesian output values are multiplied by mult otherwise the input cartesian values are divided by mult before inverse projection. If the first two characters of mult are 1/ or 1: then the reciprocal value of mult is employed.
- -f format
- Format is a printf format string to control the form of the output values. For inverse projections, the output will be in degrees when this option is employed. The default format is "%.2f" for forward projection and DMS for inverse.
- -[w|W]n
- N is the number of significant fractional digits to employ for seconds output (when the option is not specified, -w3 is assumed). When -W is employed the fields will be constant width and with leading zeroes.
- -v
- causes a listing of cartographic control parameters tested for and used by the program to be printed prior to input data. Should not be used with the -T option.
- -V
- This option causes an expanded annotated listing of the characteristics of the projected point. -v is implied with this option.
- -T ulow,uhi,vlow,vhi,res[,umax,vmax]
- This option creates a set of bivariate Chebyshev polynomial coefficients that approximate the selected cartographic projection on stdout. The values low and hi denote the range of the input where the u or v prefixes apply to respective longitude-x or latitude-y depending upon whether a forward or inverse projection is selected. Res is an integer number specifying the power of 10 precision of the approximation. For example, a res of -3 specifies an approximation with an accuracy better than .001. Umax, and vmax specify maximum degree of the polynomials (default: 15). See also: fproj(1).
EXAMPLE¶
The following scriptproj +proj=utm +lon_0=112w +ellps=clrk66 -r <<EOF
45d15'33.1" 111.5W
45d15.551666667N -111d30
+45.25919444444 111d30'000w
EOF
460769.27 5011648.45
OTHER PROGRAMS¶
The proj program is limited to converting between geographic and projection coordinates within one datum. The cs2cs program operates similarly, but allows translation between any pair of definable coordinate systems, including support for datum translation. The geod program provides the ability to compute geodesic (Great Circle) computations.SEE ALSO¶
cs2cs(1), geod(1), pj_init(3),HOME PAGE¶
http://www.remotesensing.org/proj2000/03/21 Rel. 4.4 |