NAME¶
ssh-keyscan
—
gather ssh public keys
SYNOPSIS¶
ssh-keyscan |
[ -46Hv ]
[-f file ]
[-p port ]
[-T timeout ]
[-t type ]
[host | addrlist namelist ] ... |
DESCRIPTION¶
ssh-keyscan
is a utility for gathering the
public ssh host keys of a number of hosts. It was designed to aid in building
and verifying
ssh_known_hosts files.
ssh-keyscan
provides a minimal interface
suitable for use by shell and perl scripts.
ssh-keyscan
uses non-blocking socket I/O to
contact as many hosts as possible in parallel, so it is very efficient. The
keys from a domain of 1,000 hosts can be collected in tens of seconds, even
when some of those hosts are down or do not run ssh. For scanning, one does
not need login access to the machines that are being scanned, nor does the
scanning process involve any encryption.
The options are as follows:
-4
- Forces
ssh-keyscan
to use IPv4
addresses only.
-6
- Forces
ssh-keyscan
to use IPv6
addresses only.
-f
file
- Read hosts or “addrlist namelist” pairs from
file, one per line. If
- is supplied instead of a filename,
ssh-keyscan
will read hosts or
“addrlist namelist” pairs from the standard input.
-H
- Hash all hostnames and addresses in the output. Hashed names may be used
normally by
ssh
and
sshd
, but they do not reveal
identifying information should the file's contents be disclosed.
-p
port
- Port to connect to on the remote host.
-T
timeout
- Set the timeout for connection attempts. If
timeout seconds have elapsed since a
connection was initiated to a host or since the last time anything was
read from that host, then the connection is closed and the host in
question considered unavailable. Default is 5 seconds.
-t
type
- Specifies the type of the key to fetch from the scanned hosts. The
possible values are “rsa1” for protocol version 1 and
“dsa”, “ecdsa”, “ed25519”, or
“rsa” for protocol version 2. Multiple values may be
specified by separating them with commas. The default is to fetch
“rsa”, “ecdsa”, and “ed25519”
keys.
-v
- Verbose mode. Causes
ssh-keyscan
to
print debugging messages about its progress.
SECURITY¶
If an ssh_known_hosts file is constructed using
ssh-keyscan
without verifying the keys,
users will be vulnerable to
man in the middle
attacks. On the other hand, if the security model allows such a risk,
ssh-keyscan
can help in the detection of
tampered keyfiles or man in the middle attacks which have begun after the
ssh_known_hosts file was created.
FILES¶
Input format:
1.2.3.4,1.2.4.4 name.my.domain,name,n.my.domain,n,1.2.3.4,1.2.4.4
Output format for RSA1 keys:
host-or-namelist bits exponent modulus
Output format for RSA, DSA, ECDSA, and ED25519 keys:
host-or-namelist keytype base64-encoded-key
Where
keytype is either
“ecdsa-sha2-nistp256”, “ecdsa-sha2-nistp384”,
“ecdsa-sha2-nistp521”, “ssh-ed25519”,
“ssh-dss” or “ssh-rsa”.
/etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts
EXAMPLES¶
Print the rsa host key for machine
hostname:
Find all hosts from the file
ssh_hosts which
have new or different keys from those in the sorted file
ssh_known_hosts:
$ ssh-keyscan -t rsa,dsa,ecdsa,ed25519 -f ssh_hosts | \
sort -u - ssh_known_hosts | diff ssh_known_hosts -
SEE ALSO¶
ssh(1),
sshd(8)
AUTHORS¶
David Mazieres
<
dm@lcs.mit.edu>
wrote the initial version, and
Wayne
Davison
<
wayned@users.sourceforge.net>
added support for protocol version 2.
BUGS¶
It generates "Connection closed by remote host" messages on the
consoles of all the machines it scans if the server is older than version 2.9.
This is because it opens a connection to the ssh port, reads the public key,
and drops the connection as soon as it gets the key.