NAME¶
Villa - the advanced API of QDBM
SYNOPSIS¶
#include <depot.h>
#include <cabin.h>
#include <villa.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef int(*VLCFUNC)(const char *aptr, int asiz, const char *bptr, int
bsiz);
VILLA *vlopen(const char *name, int omode, VLCFUNC cmp);
int vlclose(VILLA *villa);
int vlput(VILLA *villa, const char *kbuf, int ksiz, const char *vbuf, int
vsiz, int dmode);
int vlout(VILLA *villa, const char *kbuf, int ksiz);
char *vlget(VILLA *villa, const char *kbuf, int ksiz, int *sp);
int vlvsiz(VILLA *villa, const char *kbuf, int ksiz);
int vlvnum(VILLA *villa, const char *kbuf, int ksiz);
int vlputlist(VILLA *villa, const char *kbuf, int ksiz, const CBLIST
*vals);
int vloutlist(VILLA *villa, const char *kbuf, int ksiz);
CBLIST *vlgetlist(VILLA *villa, const char *kbuf, int ksiz);
char *vlgetcat(VILLA *villa, const char *kbuf, int ksiz, int *sp);
int vlcurfirst(VILLA *villa);
int vlcurlast(VILLA *villa);
int vlcurprev(VILLA *villa);
int vlcurnext(VILLA *villa);
int vlcurjump(VILLA *villa, const char *kbuf, int ksiz, int jmode);
char *vlcurkey(VILLA *villa, int *sp);
char *vlcurval(VILLA *villa, int *sp);
int vlcurput(VILLA *villa, const char *vbuf, int vsiz, int cpmode);
int vlcurout(VILLA *villa);
void vlsettuning(VILLA *villa, int lrecmax, int nidxmax, int lcnum, int
ncnum);
int vlsetfbpsiz(VILLA *villa, int size);
int vlsync(VILLA *villa);
int vloptimize(VILLA *villa);
char *vlname(VILLA *villa);
int vlfsiz(VILLA *villa);
int vllnum(VILLA *villa);
int vlnnum(VILLA *villa);
int vlrnum(VILLA *villa);
int vlwritable(VILLA *villa);
int vlfatalerror(VILLA *villa);
int vlinode(VILLA *villa);
time_t vlmtime(VILLA *villa);
int vltranbegin(VILLA *villa);
int vltrancommit(VILLA *villa);
int vltranabort(VILLA *villa);
int vlremove(const char *name);
int vlrepair(const char *name, VLCFUNC cmp);
int vlexportdb(VILLA *villa, const char *name);
int vlimportdb(VILLA *villa, const char *name);
DESCRIPTION¶
Villa is the advanced API of QDBM. It provides routines for managing a database
file of B+ tree. Each record is stored being sorted in order defined by a
user. As for hash databases, retrieving method is provided only as complete
accord. However, with Villa, it is possible to retrieve records specified by
range. Cursor is used in order to access each record in order. It is possible
to store records duplicating keys in a database. Moreover, according to the
transaction mechanism, you can commit or abort operations of a database in a
lump.
Villa is implemented, based on Depot and Cabin. A database file of Villa is
actual one of Depot. Although processing speed of retrieving and storing is
slower than Depot, the size of a database is smaller.
In order to use Villa, you should include `depot.h', `cabin.h', `villa.h' and
`stdlib.h' in the source files. Usually, the following description will be
near the beginning of a source file.
#include <depot.h>
#include <cabin.h>
#include <villa.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
A pointer to `VILLA' is used as a database handle. It is like that some file I/O
routines of `stdio.h' use a pointer to `FILE'. A database handle is opened
with the function `vlopen' and closed with `vlclose'. You should not refer
directly to any member of the handle. If a fatal error occurs in a database,
any access method via the handle except `vlclose' will not work and return
error status. Although a process is allowed to use multiple database handles
at the same time, handles of the same database file should not be used. Before
the cursor is used, it should be initialized by one of `vlcurfirst',
`vlcurlast' or `vlcurjump'. Also after storing or deleting a record with
functions except for `vlcurput' and `vlcurout', the cursor should be
initialized.
Villa also assign the external variable `dpecode' with the error code. The
function `dperrmsg' is used in order to get the message of the error code.
You can define a comparing function to specify the order of records. The
function should be the following type.
- typedef int(*VLCFUNC)(const char *aptr, int asiz, const char *bptr, int
bsiz);
- `aptr' specifies the pointer to the region of one key. `asiz' specifies
the size of the region of one key. `bptr' specifies the pointer to the
region of the other key. `bsiz' specifies the size of the region of the
other key. The return value is positive if the former is big, negative if
the latter is big, 0 if both are equivalent.
The function `vlopen' is used in order to get a database handle.
- VILLA *vlopen(const char *name, int omode, VLCFUNC cmp);
- `name' specifies the name of a database file. `omode' specifies the
connection mode: `VL_OWRITER' as a writer, `VL_OREADER' as a reader. If
the mode is `VL_OWRITER', the following may be added by bitwise or:
`VL_OCREAT', which means it creates a new database if not exist,
`VL_OTRUNC', which means it creates a new database regardless if one
exists, `VL_OZCOMP', which means leaves in the database are compressed,
`VL_OYCOMP', which means leaves in the database are compressed with LZO,
`VL_OXCOMP', which means leaves in the database are compressed with BZIP2.
Both of `VL_OREADER' and `VL_OWRITER' can be added to by bitwise or:
`VL_ONOLCK', which means it opens a database file without file locking, or
`VL_OLCKNB', which means locking is performed without blocking. `cmp'
specifies the comparing function: `VL_CMPLEX' comparing keys in lexical
order, `VL_CMPINT' comparing keys as objects of `int' in native byte
order, `VL_CMPNUM' comparing keys as numbers of big endian, `VL_CMPDEC'
comparing keys as decimal strings. Any function based on the declaration
of the type `VLCFUNC' can be assigned to the comparing function. The
comparing function should be kept same in the life of a database. The
return value is the database handle or `NULL' if it is not successful.
While connecting as a writer, an exclusive lock is invoked to the database
file. While connecting as a reader, a shared lock is invoked to the
database file. The thread blocks until the lock is achieved. `VL_OZCOMP',
`VL_OYCOMP', and `VL_OXCOMP' are available only if QDBM was built each
with ZLIB, LZO, and BZIP2 enabled. If `VL_ONOLCK' is used, the application
is responsible for exclusion control.
The function `vlclose' is used in order to close a database handle.
- int vlclose(VILLA *villa);
- `villa' specifies a database handle. If successful, the return value is
true, else, it is false. Because the region of a closed handle is
released, it becomes impossible to use the handle. Updating a database is
assured to be written when the handle is closed. If a writer opens a
database but does not close it appropriately, the database will be broken.
If the transaction is activated and not committed, it is aborted.
The function `vlput' is used in order to store a record.
- int vlput(VILLA *villa, const char *kbuf, int ksiz, const char *vbuf,
int vsiz, int dmode);
- `villa' specifies a database handle connected as a writer. `kbuf'
specifies the pointer to the region of a key. `ksiz' specifies the size of
the region of the key. If it is negative, the size is assigned with
`strlen(kbuf)'. `vbuf' specifies the pointer to the region of a value.
`vsiz' specifies the size of the region of the value. If it is negative,
the size is assigned with `strlen(vbuf)'. `dmode' specifies behavior when
the key overlaps, by the following values: `VL_DOVER', which means the
specified value overwrites the existing one, `VL_DKEEP', which means the
existing value is kept, `VL_DCAT', which means the specified value is
concatenated at the end of the existing value, `VL_DDUP', which means
duplication of keys is allowed and the specified value is added as the
last one, `VL_DDUPR', which means duplication of keys is allowed and the
specified value is added as the first one. If successful, the return value
is true, else, it is false. The cursor becomes unavailable due to updating
database.
The function `vlout' is used in order to delete a record.
- int vlout(VILLA *villa, const char *kbuf, int ksiz);
- `villa' specifies a database handle connected as a writer. `kbuf'
specifies the pointer to the region of a key. `ksiz' specifies the size of
the region of the key. If it is negative, the size is assigned with
`strlen(kbuf)'. If successful, the return value is true, else, it is
false. False is returned when no record corresponds to the specified key.
When the key of duplicated records is specified, the first record of the
same key is deleted. The cursor becomes unavailable due to updating
database.
The function `vlget' is used in order to retrieve a record.
- char *vlget(VILLA *villa, const char *kbuf, int ksiz, int
*sp);
- `villa' specifies a database handle. `kbuf' specifies the pointer to the
region of a key. `ksiz' specifies the size of the region of the key. If it
is negative, the size is assigned with `strlen(kbuf)'. `sp' specifies the
pointer to a variable to which the size of the region of the return value
is assigned. If it is `NULL', it is not used. If successful, the return
value is the pointer to the region of the value of the corresponding
record, else, it is `NULL'. `NULL' is returned when no record corresponds
to the specified key. When the key of duplicated records is specified, the
value of the first record of the same key is selected. Because an
additional zero code is appended at the end of the region of the return
value, the return value can be treated as a character string. Because the
region of the return value is allocated with the `malloc' call, it should
be released with the `free' call if it is no longer in use.
The function `vlvsiz' is used in order to get the size of the value of a record.
- int vlvsiz(VILLA *villa, const char *kbuf, int ksiz);
- `villa' specifies a database handle. `kbuf' specifies the pointer to the
region of a key. `ksiz' specifies the size of the region of the key. If it
is negative, the size is assigned with `strlen(kbuf)'. If successful, the
return value is the size of the value of the corresponding record, else,
it is -1. If multiple records correspond, the size of the first is
returned.
The function `vlvnum' is used in order to get the number of records
corresponding a key.
- int vlvnum(VILLA *villa, const char *kbuf, int ksiz);
- `villa' specifies a database handle. `kbuf' specifies the pointer to the
region of a key. `ksiz' specifies the size of the region of the key. If it
is negative, the size is assigned with `strlen(kbuf)'. The return value is
the number of corresponding records. If no record corresponds, 0 is
returned.
The function `vlputlist' is used in order to store plural records corresponding
a key.
- int vlputlist(VILLA *villa, const char *kbuf, int ksiz, const CBLIST
*vals);
- `villa' specifies a database handle connected as a writer. `kbuf'
specifies the pointer to the region of a key. `ksiz' specifies the size of
the region of the key. If it is negative, the size is assigned with
`strlen(kbuf)'. `vals' specifies a list handle of values. The list should
not be empty. If successful, the return value is true, else, it is false.
The cursor becomes unavailable due to updating database.
The function `vloutlist' is used in order to delete all records corresponding a
key.
- int vloutlist(VILLA *villa, const char *kbuf, int ksiz);
- `villa' specifies a database handle connected as a writer. `kbuf'
specifies the pointer to the region of a key. `ksiz' specifies the size of
the region of the key. If it is negative, the size is assigned with
`strlen(kbuf)'. If successful, the return value is true, else, it is
false. False is returned when no record corresponds to the specified key.
The cursor becomes unavailable due to updating database.
The function `vlgetlist' is used in order to retrieve values of all records
corresponding a key.
- CBLIST *vlgetlist(VILLA *villa, const char *kbuf, int ksiz);
- `villa' specifies a database handle. `kbuf' specifies the pointer to the
region of a key. `ksiz' specifies the size of the region of the key. If it
is negative, the size is assigned with `strlen(kbuf)'. If successful, the
return value is a list handle of the values of the corresponding records,
else, it is `NULL'. `NULL' is returned when no record corresponds to the
specified key. Because the handle of the return value is opened with the
function `cblistopen', it should be closed with the function `cblistclose'
if it is no longer in use.
The function `vlgetcat' is used in order to retrieve concatenated values of all
records corresponding a key.
- char *vlgetcat(VILLA *villa, const char *kbuf, int ksiz, int
*sp);
- `villa' specifies a database handle. `kbuf' specifies the pointer to the
region of a key. `ksiz' specifies the size of the region of the key. If it
is negative, the size is assigned with `strlen(kbuf)'. `sp' specifies the
pointer to a variable to which the size of the region of the return value
is assigned. If it is `NULL', it is not used. If successful, the return
value is the pointer to the region of the concatenated values of the
corresponding record, else, it is `NULL'. `NULL' is returned when no
record corresponds to the specified key. Because an additional zero code
is appended at the end of the region of the return value, the return value
can be treated as a character string. Because the region of the return
value is allocated with the `malloc' call, it should be released with the
`free' call if it is no longer in use.
The function `vlcurfirst' is used in order to move the cursor to the first
record.
- int vlcurfirst(VILLA *villa);
- `villa' specifies a database handle. If successful, the return value is
true, else, it is false. False is returned if there is no record in the
database.
The function `vlcurlast' is used in order to move the cursor to the last record.
- int vlcurlast(VILLA *villa);
- `villa' specifies a database handle. If successful, the return value is
true, else, it is false. False is returned if there is no record in the
database.
The function `vlcurprev' is used in order to move the cursor to the previous
record.
- int vlcurprev(VILLA *villa);
- `villa' specifies a database handle. If successful, the return value is
true, else, it is false. False is returned if there is no previous
record.
The function `vlcurnext' is used in order to move the cursor to the next record.
- int vlcurnext(VILLA *villa);
- `villa' specifies a database handle. If successful, the return value is
true, else, it is false. False is returned if there is no next
record.
The function `vlcurjump' is used in order to move the cursor to a position
around a record.
- int vlcurjump(VILLA *villa, const char *kbuf, int ksiz, int
jmode);
- `villa' specifies a database handle. `kbuf' specifies the pointer to the
region of a key. `ksiz' specifies the size of the region of the key. If it
is negative, the size is assigned with `strlen(kbuf)'. `jmode' specifies
detail adjustment: `VL_JFORWARD', which means that the cursor is set to
the first record of the same key and that the cursor is set to the next
substitute if completely matching record does not exist, `VL_JBACKWARD',
which means that the cursor is set to the last record of the same key and
that the cursor is set to the previous substitute if completely matching
record does not exist. If successful, the return value is true, else, it
is false. False is returned if there is no record corresponding the
condition.
The function `vlcurkey' is used in order to get the key of the record where the
cursor is.
- char *vlcurkey(VILLA *villa, int *sp);
- `villa' specifies a database handle. `sp' specifies the pointer to a
variable to which the size of the region of the return value is assigned.
If it is `NULL', it is not used. If successful, the return value is the
pointer to the region of the key of the corresponding record, else, it is
`NULL'. `NULL' is returned when no record corresponds to the cursor.
Because an additional zero code is appended at the end of the region of
the return value, the return value can be treated as a character string.
Because the region of the return value is allocated with the `malloc'
call, it should be released with the `free' call if it is no longer in
use.
The function `vlcurval' is used in order to get the value of the record where
the cursor is.
- char *vlcurval(VILLA *villa, int *sp);
- `villa' specifies a database handle. `sp' specifies the pointer to a
variable to which the size of the region of the return value assigned. If
it is `NULL', it is not used. If successful, the return value is the
pointer to the region of the value of the corresponding record, else, it
is `NULL'. `NULL' is returned when no record corresponds to the cursor.
Because an additional zero code is appended at the end of the region of
the return value, the return value can be treated as a character string.
Because the region of the return value is allocated with the `malloc'
call, it should be released with the `free' call if it is no longer in
use.
The function `vlcurput' is used in order to insert a record around the cursor.
- int vlcurput(VILLA *villa, const char *vbuf, int vsiz, int
cpmode);
- `villa' specifies a database handle connected as a writer. `vbuf'
specifies the pointer to the region of a value. `vsiz' specifies the size
of the region of the value. If it is negative, the size is assigned with
`strlen(vbuf)'. `cpmode' specifies detail adjustment: `VL_CPCURRENT',
which means that the value of the current record is overwritten,
`VL_CPBEFORE', which means that a new record is inserted before the
current record, `VL_CPAFTER', which means that a new record is inserted
after the current record. If successful, the return value is true, else,
it is false. False is returned when no record corresponds to the cursor.
After insertion, the cursor is moved to the inserted record.
The function `vlcurout' is used in order to delete the record where the cursor
is.
- int vlcurout(VILLA *villa);
- `villa' specifies a database handle connected as a writer. If successful,
the return value is true, else, it is false. False is returned when no
record corresponds to the cursor. After deletion, the cursor is moved to
the next record if possible.
The function `vlsettuning' is used in order to set the tuning parameters for
performance.
- void vlsettuning(VILLA *villa, int lrecmax, int nidxmax, int lcnum, int
ncnum);
- `villa' specifies a database handle. `lrecmax' specifies the max number of
records in a leaf node of B+ tree. If it is not more than 0, the default
value is specified. `nidxmax' specifies the max number of indexes in a
non-leaf node of B+ tree. If it is not more than 0, the default value is
specified. `lcnum' specifies the max number of caching leaf nodes. If it
is not more than 0, the default value is specified. `ncnum' specifies the
max number of caching non-leaf nodes. If it is not more than 0, the
default value is specified. The default setting is equivalent to
`vlsettuning(49, 192, 1024, 512)'. Because tuning parameters are not saved
in a database, you should specify them every opening a database.
The function `vlsetfbpsiz' is used in order to set the size of the free block
pool of a database handle.
- int vlsetfbpsiz(VILLA *villa, int size);
- `villa' specifies a database handle connected as a writer. `size'
specifies the size of the free block pool of a database. If successful,
the return value is true, else, it is false. The default size of the free
block pool is 256. If the size is greater, the space efficiency of
overwriting values is improved with the time efficiency sacrificed.
The function `vlsync' is used in order to synchronize updating contents with the
file and the device.
- int vlsync(VILLA *villa);
- `villa' specifies a database handle connected as a writer. If successful,
the return value is true, else, it is false. This function is useful when
another process uses the connected database file. This function should not
be used while the transaction is activated.
The function `vloptimize' is used in order to optimize a database.
- int vloptimize(VILLA *villa);
- `villa' specifies a database handle connected as a writer. If successful,
the return value is true, else, it is false. In an alternating succession
of deleting and storing with overwrite or concatenate, dispensable regions
accumulate. This function is useful to do away with them. This function
should not be used while the transaction is activated.
The function `vlname' is used in order to get the name of a database.
- char *vlname(VILLA *villa);
- `villa' specifies a database handle. If successful, the return value is
the pointer to the region of the name of the database, else, it is `NULL'.
Because the region of the return value is allocated with the `malloc'
call, it should be released with the `free' call if it is no longer in
use.
The function `vlfsiz' is used in order to get the size of a database file.
- int vlfsiz(VILLA *villa);
- `villa' specifies a database handle. If successful, the return value is
the size of the database file, else, it is -1. Because of the I/O buffer,
the return value may be less than the hard size.
The function `vllnum' is used in order to get the number of the leaf nodes of B+
tree.
- int vllnum(VILLA *villa);
- `villa' specifies a database handle. If successful, the return value is
the number of the leaf nodes, else, it is -1.
The function `vlnnum' is used in order to get the number of the non-leaf nodes
of B+ tree.
- int vlnnum(VILLA *villa);
- `villa' specifies a database handle. If successful, the return value is
the number of the non-leaf nodes, else, it is -1.
The function `vlrnum' is used in order to get the number of the records stored
in a database.
- int vlrnum(VILLA *villa);
- `villa' specifies a database handle. If successful, the return value is
the number of the records stored in the database, else, it is -1.
The function `vlwritable' is used in order to check whether a database handle is
a writer or not.
- int vlwritable(VILLA *villa);
- `villa' specifies a database handle. The return value is true if the
handle is a writer, false if not.
The function `vlfatalerror' is used in order to check whether a database has a
fatal error or not.
- int vlfatalerror(VILLA *villa);
- `villa' specifies a database handle. The return value is true if the
database has a fatal error, false if not.
The function `vlinode' is used in order to get the inode number of a database
file.
- int vlinode(VILLA *villa);
- `villa' specifies a database handle. The return value is the inode number
of the database file.
The function `vlmtime' is used in order to get the last modified time of a
database.
- time_t vlmtime(VILLA *villa);
- `villa' specifies a database handle. The return value is the last modified
time of the database.
The function `vltranbegin' is used in order to begin the transaction.
- int vltranbegin(VILLA *villa);
- `villa' specifies a database handle connected as a writer. If successful,
the return value is true, else, it is false. Because this function does
not perform mutual exclusion control in multi-thread, the application is
responsible for it. Only one transaction can be activated with a database
handle at the same time.
The function `vltrancommit' is used in order to commit the transaction.
- int vltrancommit(VILLA *villa);
- `villa' specifies a database handle connected as a writer. If successful,
the return value is true, else, it is false. Updating a database in the
transaction is fixed when it is committed successfully.
The function `vltranabort' is used in order to abort the transaction.
- int vltranabort(VILLA *villa);
- `villa' specifies a database handle connected as a writer. If successful,
the return value is true, else, it is false. Updating a database in the
transaction is discarded when it is aborted. The state of the database is
rollbacked to before transaction.
The function `vlremove' is used in order to remove a database file.
- int vlremove(const char *name);
- `name' specifies the name of a database file. If successful, the return
value is true, else, it is false.
The function `vlrepair' is used in order to repair a broken database file.
- int vlrepair(const char *name, VLCFUNC cmp);
- `name' specifies the name of a database file. `cmp' specifies the
comparing function of the database file. If successful, the return value
is true, else, it is false. There is no guarantee that all records in a
repaired database file correspond to the original or expected state.
The function `vlexportdb' is used in order to dump all records as endian
independent data.
- int vlexportdb(VILLA *villa, const char *name);
- `villa' specifies a database handle. `name' specifies the name of an
output file. If successful, the return value is true, else, it is
false.
The function `vlimportdb' is used in order to load all records from endian
independent data.
- int vlimportdb(VILLA *villa, const char *name);
- `villa' specifies a database handle connected as a writer. The database of
the handle must be empty. `name' specifies the name of an input file. If
successful, the return value is true, else, it is false.
If QDBM was built with POSIX thread enabled, the global variable `dpecode' is
treated as thread specific data, and functions of Villa are reentrant. In that
case, they are thread-safe as long as a handle is not accessed by threads at
the same time, on the assumption that `errno', `malloc', and so on are
thread-safe.
Vista is the extended API of Villa. To compensate for the defect that Villa can
not handle a file whose size is more than 2GB, Vista does not use Depot but
Curia for handling its internal database. While Vista provides data structure
and operations of B+ tree as with Villa, its database is realized as a
directory.
In order to use Vista, you should include `vista.h' instead of `villa.h'.
Because Vista is implemented by overriding symbols of Villa, it can be used as
with Villa. That is, Signatures of Villa and Vista is all the same. However,
as its adverse effect, modules using Vista can not use Depot nor Villa.
SEE ALSO¶
qdbm(3),
depot(3),
curia(3),
relic(3),
hovel(3),
cabin(3),
odeum(3),
ndbm(3),
gdbm(3)