NAME¶
prefork - Optimized module loading for forking or non-forking processes
SYNOPSIS¶
In a module that normally delays module loading with require
# Module Foo::Bar only uses This::That 25% of the time.
# We want to preload in in forking scenarios (like mod_perl), but
# we want to delay loading in non-forking scenarios (like CGI)
use prefork 'This::That';
sub do_something {
my $arg = shift;
# Load the module at run-time as normal
if ( $special_case ) {
require This::That;
This::That::blah(@_);
}
}
# Register a module to be loaded before forking directly
prefork::prefork('Module::Name');
In a script or module that is going to be forking.
package Module::Forker;
# Enable forking mode
use prefork ':enable';
# Or call it directly
prefork::enable();
In a third-party run-time loader
package Runtime::Loader;
use prefork ();
prefork::notify( \&load_everything );
...
sub load_everything { ... }
1;
INTRODUCTION¶
The task of optimizing module loading in Perl tends to move in two different
directions, depending on the context.
In a procedural context, such as scripts and CGI-type situations, you can
improve the load times and memory usage by loading a module at run-time, only
once you are sure you will need it.
In the other common load profile for perl applications, the application will
start up and then fork off various worker processes. To take full advantage of
memory copy-on-write features, the application should load as many modules as
possible before forking to prevent them consuming memory in multiple worker
processes.
Unfortunately, the strategies used to optimise for these two load profiles are
diametrically opposed. What improves a situation for one tends to make life
worse for the other.
DESCRIPTION¶
The "prefork" pragma is intended to allow module writers to optimise
module loading for
both scenarios with as little additional code as
possible.
prefork.pm is intended to serve as a central and optional marshalling point for
state detection (are we running in compile-time or run-time mode) and to act
as a relatively light-weight module loader.
Loaders and Forkers¶
"prefork" is intended to be used in two different ways.
The first is by a module that wants to indicate that another module should be
loaded before forking. This is known as a "Loader".
The other is a script or module that will be initiating the forking. It will
tell prefork.pm that it is either going to fork, or is about to fork, or for
some other reason all modules previously mentioned by the Loaders should be
loaded immediately.
Usage as a Pragma¶
A Loader can register a module to be loaded using the following
use prefork 'My::Module';
The same thing can be done in such a way as to not require prefork being
installed, but taking advantage of it if it is.
eval "use prefork 'My::Module';";
A Forker can indicate that it will be forking with the following
use prefork ':enable';
In any use of "prefork" as a pragma, you can only pass a single value
as argument. Any additional arguments will be ignored. (This may throw an
error in future versions).
Compatbility with mod_perl and others¶
Part of the design of "prefork", and its minimalistic nature, is that
it is intended to work easily with existing modules, needing only small
changes.
For example, "prefork" itself will detect the $ENV{MOD_PERL}
environment variable and automatically start in forking mode.
prefork has support for integrating with third-party modules, such as
Class::Autouse. The "notify" function allows these run-time loaders
to register callbacks, to be called once prefork enters forking mode.
The synopsis entry above describes adding support for prefork.pm as a
dependency. To allow your third-party module loader without a dependency and
only if it is installed use the following:
eval { require prefork; }
prefork::notify( \&function ) unless $@;
Using prefork.pm¶
From the Loader side, it is fairly simple. prefork becomes a dependency for your
module, and you use it as a pragma as documented above.
For the Forker, you have two options. Use as a dependency or optional use.
In the dependency case, you add prefork as a dependency and use it as a pragma
with the ':enable' option.
To add only optional support for prefork, without requiring it to be installed,
you should wait until the moment just before you fork and then call
"prefork::enable" directly ONLY if it is loaded.
# Load modules if any use the prefork pragma.
prefork::enable() if $INC{prefork.pm};
This will cause the modules to be loaded ONLY if there are any modules that need
to be loaded. The main advantage of the dependency version is that you only
need to enable the module once, and not before each fork.
If you wish to have your own module leverage off the forking-detection that
prefork provides, you can also do the following.
use prefork;
if ( $prefork::FORKING ) {
# Complete some preparation task
}
Modules that are prefork-aware¶
- mod_perl/mod_perl2
- Class::Autouse
FUNCTIONS¶
prefork $module¶
The 'prefork' function indicates that a module should be loaded before the
process will fork. If already in forking mode the module will be loaded
immediately.
Otherwise it will be added to a queue to be loaded later if it recieves
instructions that it is going to be forking.
Returns true on success, or dies on error.
enable¶
The "enable" function indicates to the prefork module that the process
is going to fork, possibly immediately.
When called, prefork.pm will immediately load all outstanding modules, and will
set a flag so that any further 'prefork' calls will load the module at that
time.
Returns true, dieing as normal is there is a problem loading a module.
notify &function¶
The "notify" function is used to integrate support for modules other
than prefork.pm itself.
A module loader calls the notify function, passing it a reference to a
"CODE" reference (either anon or a function reference).
"prefork" will store this CODE reference, and execute it immediately
as soon as it knows it is in forking-mode, but after it loads its own modules.
Callbacks are called in the order they are registered.
Normally, this will happen as soon as the "enable" function is called.
However, you should be aware that if prefork is
already in preforking
mode at the time that the notify function is called, prefork.pm will execute
the function immediately.
This means that any third party module loader should be fully loaded and
initialised
before the callback is provided to "notify".
Returns true if the function is stored, or dies if not passed a "CODE"
reference, or the callback is already set in the notify queue.
TO DO¶
- Add checks for more pre-forking situations
SUPPORT¶
Bugs should be always submitted via the CPAN bug tracker, located at
<
http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=prefork>
For other issues, or commercial enhancement or support, contact the author.
AUTHOR¶
Adam Kennedy <adamk@cpan.org>
COPYRIGHT¶
Thank you to Phase N Australia (<
http://phase-n.com/>) for permitting the
open sourcing and release of this distribution.
Copyright 2004 - 2009 Adam Kennedy.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the same terms as Perl itself.
The full text of the license can be found in the LICENSE file included with this
module.