NAME¶
Net::Google::SafeBrowsing2 - Perl extension for the Google Safe Browsing v2 API.
(Google Safe Browsing v1 has been deprecated by Google.)
SYNOPSIS¶
use Net::Google::SafeBrowsing2;
use Net::Google::SafeBrowsing2::Sqlite;
my $storage = Net::Google::SafeBrowsing2::Sqlite->new(file => 'google-v2.db');
my $gsb = Net::Google::SafeBrowsing2->new(
key => "my key",
storage => $storage,
);
$gsb->update();
my $match = $gsb->lookup(url => 'http://www.gumblar.cn/');
if ($match eq MALWARE) {
print "http://www.gumblar.cn/ is flagged as a dangerous site\n";
}
$storage->close();
DESCRIPTION¶
Net::Google::SafeBrowsing2 implements the Google Safe Browsing v2 API.
The library passes most of the unit tests listed in the API documentation. See
the documentation
(<
http://code.google.com/apis/safebrowsing/developers_guide_v2.html>)
for more details about the failed tests.
The Google Safe Browsing database must be stored and managed locally.
Net::Google::SafeBrowsing2::Sqlite uses Sqlite as the storage back-end,
Net::Google::SafeBrowsing2::MySQL uses MySQL. Other storage mechanisms
(databases, memory, etc.) can be added and used transparently with this
module.
You may want to look at "Google Safe Browsing v2: Implementation
Notes"
(<
http://www.zscaler.com/research/Google%20Safe%20Browsing%20v2%20API.pdf>),
a collection of notes and real-world numbers about the API. This is intended
for people who want to learn more about the API, whether as a user or to make
their own implementation.
The source code is available on github at
https://github.com/juliensobrier/Net-Google-SafeBrowsing2
<
https://github.com/juliensobrier/Net-Google-SafeBrowsing2>.
If you do not need to inspect more than 10,000 URLs a day, you can use
Net::Google::SafeBrowsing2::Lookup with the Google Safe Browsing v2 Lookup API
which does not require to store and maintain a local database.
IMPORTANT: If you start with an empty database, you will need to perform several
updates to retrieve all the Google Safe Browsing information. This may require
up to 24 hours. This is a limitation of the Google API, not of this module.
See "Google Safe Browsing v2: Implementation Notes" at
<
http://www.zscaler.com/research/Google%20Safe%20Browsing%20v2%20API.pdf>.
CONSTANTS¶
Several constants are exported by this module:
- DATABASE_RESET
- Google requested to reset (empty) the local database.
- MAC_ERROR
- The replies from Google could not be validated with the MAC keys.
- MAC_KEY_ERROR
- The request for the MAC keys failed.
- INTERNAL_ERROR
- An internal error occurred.
- SERVER_ERROR
- The server sent an error back to the client.
- NO_UPDATE
- No update was performed, probably because it is too early to make a new
request to Google Safe Browsing.
- NO_DATA
- No data was sent back by Google to the client, probably because the
database is up to date.
- SUCCESSFUL
- The operation was successful.
- MALWARE
- Name of the Malware list in Google Safe Browsing (shortcut to
'goog-malware-shavar')
- PHISHING
- Name of the Phishing list in Google Safe Browsing (shortcut to
'googpub-phish-shavar')
CONSTRUCTOR¶
new()¶
Create a Net::Google::SafeBrowsing2 object
my $gsb = Net::Google::SafeBrowsing2->new(
key => "my key",
storage => Net::Google::SafeBrowsing2::Sqlite->new(file => 'google-v2.db'),
debug => 0,
mac => 0,
list => MALWARE,
);
Arguments
- key
- Required. Your Google Safe browsing API key
- storage
- Required. Object which handle the storage for the Google Safe Browsing
database. See Net::Google::SafeBrowsing2::Storage for more details.
- list
- Optional. The Google Safe Browsing list to handle. By default, handles
both MALWARE and PHISHING.
- mac
- Optional. Set to 1 to enable Message Authentication Code (MAC). 0
(disabled) by default.
- debug
- Optional. Set to 1 to enable debugging. 0 (disabled) by default.
The debug output maybe quite large and can slow down significantly the
update and lookup functions.
- errors
- Optional. Set to 1 to show errors to STDOUT. 0 (disabled by default).
- version
- Optional. Google Safe Browsing version. 2.2 by default
PUBLIC FUNCTIONS¶
update()¶
Perform a database update.
$gsb->update();
Return the status of the update (see the list of constants above):
INTERNAL_ERROR, SERVER_ERROR, NO_UPDATE, NO_DATA or SUCCESSFUL
This function can handle two lists at the same time. If one of the list should
not be updated, it will automatically skip it and update the other one. It is
faster to update two lists at once rather than doing them one by one.
NOTE: If you start with an empty database, you will need to perform several
updates to retrieve all the Google Safe Browsing information. This may require
up to 24 hours. This is a limitation of the Google API, not of this module.
See "Google Safe Browsing v2: Implementation Notes" at
<
http://www.zscaler.com/research/Google%20Safe%20Browsing%20v2%20API.pdf>.
Arguments
- list
- Optional. Update a specific list. Use the list(s) from new() by
default.
- mac
- Optional. Set to 1 to enable Message Authentication Code (MAC). Use the
value from new() by default.
- force
- Optional. Force the update (1). Disabled by default (0).
Be careful if you set this option to 1 as too frequent updates might result
in the blacklisting of your API key.
import_chunks()¶
Import add and sub chunks from a file.
my $result = $gsb->import_chunks(list => MALWARE, file => 'malware.dat');
Return the status of the import: INTERNAL_ERROR or SUCCESSFUL.
This function should be used to initialize an empty back-end storage.
Arguments
- list
- Required. Google list to use.
- file
- Required. File that contains the list of chunks. This file can be created
with the "export" function inherited from
"Net::Google::SafeBrowsing2::DBI".
lookup()¶
Lookup a URL against the Google Safe Browsing database.
my $match = $gsb->lookup(url => 'http://www.gumblar.cn');
Returns the name of the list if there is any match, returns an empty string
otherwise.
Arguments
- list
- Optional. Lookup against a specific list. Use the list(s) from
new() by default.
- url
- Required. URL to lookup.
get_lists()¶
Returns the name of all the Google Safe Browsing lists
my $@lists = $gsb->get_lists();
NOTE: this function is useless in practice because Google includes some lists
which cannot be used by the Google Safe Browsing API, like lists used by the
Google toolbar.
last_error()¶
Get/Set the last error message.
print "Last error: ", $gsb->last_error(), "\n";
$gsb->last_error(''); # Reset last error
NOTE: the last error message might not come from the last call. Returns an empty
string if no errors.
PRIVATE FUNCTIONS¶
These functions are not intended to be used externally.
lookup_suffix()¶
Lookup a host prefix.
lookup_suffix()¶
Lookup a host prefix in the local database only.
local_lookup()¶
Lookup a URL against the local Google Safe Browsing database URL. This should be
used for debugging purpose only. See the lookup for normal use.
my $match = $gsb->local_lookup(url => 'http://www.gumblar.cn');
Returns the name of the list if there is any match, returns an empty string
otherwise.
Arguments
- list
- Optional. Lookup against a specific list. Use the list(s) from
new() by default.
- url
- Required. URL to lookup.
request_key()¶
Request the Message Authentication Code (MAC) keys
request_mac_keys()¶
Request the Message Authentication Code (MAC) keys from Google.
validate_data_mac()¶
Validate data against the MAC keys.
update_error()¶
Handle server errors during a database update.
lookup_whitelist()¶
Lookup a host prefix and suffix in the whitelist (s chunks)
ua()¶
Create LWP::UserAgent to make HTTP requests to Google.
parse_s()¶
Parse data from a rediration (add asnd sub chunk information).
parse_s()¶
Parse s chunks information for a database update.
parse_a()¶
Parse a chunks information for a database update.
hex_to_ascii()¶
Transform hexadecimal strings to printable ASCII strings. Used mainly for
debugging.
print $gsb->hex_to_ascii('hex value');
ascii_to_hex()¶
Transform ASCII strings to hexadecimal strings.
debug()¶
Print debug output.
error()¶
Print error message.
canonical_domain_suffixes()¶
Find all suffixes for a domain.
canonical_domain()¶
Find all canonical domains a domain.
canonical_path()¶
Find all canonical paths for a URL.
canonical()¶
Find all canonical URLs for a URL.
canonical_uri()¶
Create a canonical URI.
NOTE: URI cannot handle all the test cases provided by Google. This method is a
hack to pass most of the test. A few tests are still failing. The proper way
to handle URL canonicalization according to Google would be to create a new
module to handle URLs. However, I believe most real-life cases are handled
correctly by this function.
canonical()¶
Return all possible full hashes for a URL.
prefix()¶
Return a hash prefix. The size of the prefix is set to 4 bytes.
request_full_hash()¶
Request full full hashes for specific prefixes from Google.
parse_full_hashes()¶
Process the request for full hashes from Google.
get_a_range()¶
Get the list of a chunks ranges for a list update.
get_s_range()¶
Get the list of s chunks ranges for a list update.
create_range()¶
Create a list of ranges (1-3, 5, 7-11) from a list of numbers.
expand_range()¶
Explode list of ranges (1-3, 5, 7-11) into a list of numbers
(1,2,3,5,7,8,9,10,11).
CHANGELOG¶
- 1.07
- Add "import_chunks()" feature to import add chunks and sub
chunks from a file.
- 1.05
- No code change. Move "local_lookup" to PRIVATE FUNCTIONS to
avoid confusions.
- 1.04
- Introduce Net::Google::SafeBrowsing2::Lookup. Remind people that Google
Safe Browsing v1 has been deprecated by Google.
- 1.03
- The source code is available on github at
https://github.com/juliensobrier/Net-Google-SafeBrowsing2
<https://github.com/juliensobrier/Net-Google-SafeBrowsing2>.
- 1.02
- Fix uninitialized $self->{errors} variable
- 1.01
- Use String::HexConvert for faster hex_to_ascii.
- 1.0
- Separate the error output from the debug output.
- 0.9
- Fix bug with local whitelisting (sub chunks). Fix the parsing of full
hashes.
- 0.8
- Reduce the number of full hash requests.
- 0.7
- Add local_lookup to perform a lookup against the local database only. This
function should be used for debugging purpose only. Small code
optimizations.
- 0.6
- Handle local database reset.
- 0.5
- Update documentation.
- 0.4
- Speed update the database update. The first update went down from 20
minutes to 20 minutes.
- 0.3
- Fix typos in the documentation.
Remove dependency on Switch (thanks to Curtis Jewel).
Fix value of FULL_HASH_TIME.
- 0.2
- Add support for Message Authentication Code (MAC)
SEE ALSO¶
See Net::Google::SafeBrowsing2::Storage, Net::Google::SafeBrowsing2::Sqlite and
Net::Google::SafeBrowsing2::MySQL for information on storing and managing the
Google Safe Browsing database.
Google Safe Browsing v2 API:
<
http://code.google.com/apis/safebrowsing/developers_guide_v2.html>
Net::Google::SafeBrowsing (Google Safe Browsing v1) is deprecated by Google
since 12/01/2011.
AUTHOR¶
Julien Sobrier, <jsobrier@zscaler.com> or <julien@sobrier.net>
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE¶
Copyright (C) 2012 by Julien Sobrier
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the same terms as Perl itself, either Perl version 5.8.8 or, at your option,
any later version of Perl 5 you may have available.