NAME¶
Gedcom - a module to manipulate Gedcom genealogy files
Version 1.19 - 18th August 2013
SYNOPSIS¶
use Gedcom;
my $ged = Gedcom->new;
my $ged = Gedcom->new($gedcom_file);
my $ged = Gedcom->new(grammar_version => "5.5.1",
gedcom_file => $gedcom_file,
read_only => 1,
callback => $cb);
my $ged = Gedcom->new(grammar_file => "gedcom-5.5.grammar",
gedcom_file => $gedcom_file);
return unless $ged->validate;
my $xref = $self->resolve_xref($value);
$ged->resolve_xrefs;
$ged->unresolve_xrefs;
$ged->normalise_dates;
my %xrefs = $ged->renumber;
$ged->order;
$ged->set_encoding("utf-8");
$ged->write($new_gedcom_file, $flush);
$ged->write_xml($new_xml_file);
my @individuals = $ged->individuals;
my @families = $ged->families;
my $me = $ged->get_individual("Paul Johnson");
my $xref = $ged->next_xref("I");
my $record = $ged->add_header;
add_submitter
add_individual
add_family
add_note
add_repository
add_source
add_trailer
my $source = $ged->get_source("S1");
DESCRIPTION¶
Copyright 1998-2013, Paul Johnson (paul@pjcj.net)
This software is free. It is licensed under the same terms as Perl itself.
The latest version of this software should be available from my homepage:
http://www.pjcj.net
This module provides for manipulation of Gedcom files. Gedcom is a format for
storing genealogical information designed by The Church of Jesus Christ of
Latter-Day Saints (
http://www.lds.org). Information about Gedcom is available
as a zip file at
ftp://gedcom.org/pub/genealogy/gedcom/gedcom55.zip.
Unfortunately, this is only usable if you can access a PC running Windows of
some description. Part of the reason I wrote this module is because I don't do
that. Well, I didn't. I can now although I prefer not to...
Requirements:
Perl 5.005 or later
ActivePerl5 Build Number 520 or later has been reported to work
Optional Modules:
Date::Manip.pm to work with dates
Text::Soundex.pm to use soundex
Parse::RecDescent.pm to use lines2perl
Roman.pm to use the LifeLines function roman from lines2perl
The Gedcom format is specified in a grammar file (gedcom-5.5.grammar). Gedcom.pm
parses the grammar which is then used to validate and allow manipulation of
the Gedcom file. I have only used Gedcom.pm with version 5.5 of the Gedcom
grammar, which I had to modify slightly to correct a few errors. The advantage
of this approach is that Gedcom.pm should be useful if the Gedcom grammar is
ever updated. It also made the software easier to write, and probably more
dependable too. I suppose this is the virtue of laziness shining through.
The vice of laziness is also shining brightly - I need to document how to use
this module in much greater detail. This is happening - this release has more
documentation than the previous ones - but if you would like information feel
free to send me mail or better still, ask on the mailing list.
This module provides some functions which work over the entire Gedcom file, such
as reformatting dates, renumbering entries and ordering the entries. It also
allows access to individuals, and then to relations of individuals, for
example sons, siblings, spouse, parents and so forth.
The distribution includes a lines2perl program to convert LifeLines programs to
Perl. The program works, but it has a few rough edges, and some missing
functionality. I'll be working on it when it hits the top of my TODO list.
There is now an option for read only access to the gedcom file. Actually, this
doesn't stop you changing or writing the file, but it does parse the gedcom
file lazily, meaning that only those portions of the gedcom file which are
needed will be read. This can provide a substantial saving of time and memory
providing that not too much of the gedcom file is read. If you are going to
read the whole gedcom file, this mode is less efficient unless you do some
manual housekeeping.
Note that this is still considered beta software - caveat emptor.
Should you find this software useful, or if you make changes to it, or if you
would like me to make changes to it, please send me mail. I would like to have
some sort of an idea of the use this software is getting. Apart from being of
interest to me, this will guide my decisions when I feel the need to make
changes to the interface.
There is a low volume mailing list available for discussing the use of Perl in
conjunction with genealogical work. This is an appropriate forum for
discussing Gedcom.pm and if you use or are interested in this module I would
encourage you to join the list. To subscribe send an empty message to
perl-gedcom-subscribe@perl.org.
To store my genealogy I wrote a syntax file (gedcom.vim) and used vim
(
http://www.vim.org) to enter the data, and Gedcom.pm to validate and
manipulate it. I find this to be a nice solution.
GETTING STARTED¶
This space is reserved for something of a tutorial. If you learn best by looking
at examples, take a look at the test directory,
t. The most simple test
is
birthdates.t.
The first thing to do is to read in the Gedcom file. At its most simple, this
will involve a statement such as
my $ged = Gedcom->new($gedcom_file);
It is now possible to access the records within the gedcom file. Each individual
and family is a record. Records can contain other records. For example, an
individual is a record. The birth information is a sub-record of the
individual, and the date of birth is a sub-record of the birth record.
Some records, such as the birth record, are simply containers for other records.
Some records have a value, such as the date record, whose value is a date.
This is all defined in the Gedcom standard.
To access an individual use a statement such as
my $i = $ged->get_individual("Paul Johnson");
To access information about the individual, use a function of the same name as
the Gedcom tag, or its description. Tags and descriptions are listed at the
head of Gedcom.pm. For example
for my $b ($i->birth)
{
}
will loop through all the birth records in the individual. Usually there will
only be one such record, but there may be zero, one or more. Calling the
function in scalar context will return only the first record.
my $b = $i->birth;
But the second record may be returned with
my $b = $i->birth(2);
If the record required has a value, for example
my $n = $i->name;
then the value is returned, in this case the name of the individual. If there is
no value, as is the case for the birth record, then the record itself is
returned. If there is a value, but the record itself is required, then the
get_record() function can be used.
Information must be accessed through the Gedcom structure so, for example, the
birthdate is accessed via the date record from the birth record within an
individual.
my $d = $b->date;
Be aware that if you access a record in scalar context, but there is no such
record, then undef is returned. In this case, $d would be undef if $b had no
date record. This is another reason why looping through records is a nice
solution, all else being equal.
Access to values can also be gained through the
get_value() function.
This is a preferable solution where it is necessary to work down the Gedcom
structure. For example
my $bd = $i->get_value("birth date");
my $bd = $i->get_value(qw(birth date));
will both return an individual's birth date or undef if there is none. And
my @bd = $i->get_value("birth date");
will return all the birth dates. The second birth date, if there is one, is
my $bd2 = $i->get_value(["birth", 2], "date");
Using the
get_record() function in place of the
get_value()
function, in all cases will return the record rather than the value.
All records are of a type derived from Gedcom::Item. Individuals are of type
Gedcom::Individual. Families are of type Gedcom::Family. Events are of type
Gedcom::Event. Other records are of type Gedcom::Record which is the base type
of Gedcom::Individual, Gedcom::Family and Gedcom::Event.
As individuals are of type Gedcom::Individual, the functions in
Gedcom::Individual.pm are available. These allow access to relations and other
information specific to individuals, for example
my @sons = $i->sons;
It is possible to get all the individuals in the gedcom file as
my @individuals = $ged->individuals;
So putting everything together, here is a little program which will print out
the names and birthdates of everyone in a GEDCOM file specified on the command
line.
#!/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use Gedcom;
my $ged = Gedcom->new(shift);
for my $i ($ged->individuals)
{
for my $bd ($i->get_value("birth date"))
{
print $i->name, " was born on $bd\n";
}
}
HASH MEMBERS¶
I have not gone the whole hog with data encapsulation and such within this
module. Maybe I should have done. Maybe I will. For now though, the data is
accessible though hash members. This is partly because having functions to do
this is a little slow, especially on my old DECstation, and partly because of
laziness again. I'm not too sure whether this is good or bad laziness yet.
Time will tell no doubt.
As of version 1.05, you should be able to access all the data through functions,
and as of version 1.10 write access is available. I have a faster machine now.
Some of the more important hash members are:
$ged->{grammar}¶
This contains the gedcom grammar.
See Gedcom::Grammar.pm for more details.
$ged->{record}¶
This contains the top level gedcom record. A record contains a number of items.
Each of those items are themselves records. This is the way in which the
hierarchies are modelled.
If you want to get at the data in the gedcom object, this is where you start.
See Gedcom::Record.pm for more details.
METHODS¶
new¶
my $ged = Gedcom->new;
my $ged = Gedcom->new($gedcom_file);
my $ged = Gedcom->new(grammar_version => "5.5.1",
gedcom_file => $gedcom_file,
read_only => 1,
callback => $cb);
my $ged = Gedcom->new(grammar_file => "gedcom-5.5.grammar",
gedcom_file => $gedcom_file);
Create a new gedcom object.
gedcom_file is the name of the gedcom file to parse. If you do not supply a
gedcom_file parameter then you will get an empty Gedcom object, empty that is
apart from a few mandatory records.
You may optionally pass grammar_version as the version number of the gedcom
grammar you want to use. There are two versions available, 5.5 and 5.5.1. If
you do not specify a grammar version, you may specify a grammar file as
grammar_file. Usually, you will do neither of these, and in this case the
grammar version will default to the latest full available version, currently
5.5. 5.5.1 is only a draft, but it is available if you specify it.
The read_only parameter indicates that the Gedcom data structure will be used
primarily for read_only operations. In this mode the gedcom file is read
lazily, such that whenever possible the Gedcom records are not read until they
are needed. This can save on both memory and CPU usage, provided that not too
much of the gedcom file is needed. If the whole of the gedcom file needs to be
read, for example to validate it, or to write it out in a different format,
then this option should not be used.
When using the read_only option an index file is kept which can also speed up
operations. It's usage should be transparent, but will require write access to
the directory containing the gedcom file. If you access individuals only by
their xref (eg I20) then the index file will allow only the relevant parts of
the gedcom file to be read.
With or without the read_only option, the gedcom file is accessed in the same
fashion and the data structures can be changed. In this respect, the name
read_only is not very accurate, but since changing the Gedcom data will
generally mean that the data will be written which means that the data will
first be read, the read_only option is generally useful when the data will not
be written and when not all the data will be read. You may find it useful to
experiment with this option and check the amount of CPU time and memory that
your application uses. You may also need to read this paragraph a few times to
understand it. Sorry.
callback is an optional reference to a subroutine which will be called at
various times while the gedcom file (and the grammar file, if applicable) is
being read. Its purpose is to provide feedback during potentially long
operations. The subroutine is called with five arguments:
my ($title, $txt1, $txt2, $current, $total) = @_;
$title is a brief description of the current operation
$txt1 and $txt2 provide more information on the current operation
$current is the number of operations performed
$total is the number of operations that need to be performed
If the subroutine returns false, the operation is aborted.
set_encoding¶
$ged->set_encoding("utf-8");
Valid arguments are "ansel" and "utf-8". Defaults to
"ansel" but is set to "utf-8" if the gedcom data was read
from a file which was deemed to contain UTF-8, either due to the presence of a
BOM or as specified by a CHAR item.
Set the encoding for the gedcom file. Calling this directly doesn't alter the
CHAR item, but does affect the way in which files are written.
write¶
$ged->write($new_gedcom_file, $flush);
Write out the gedcom file.
Takes the name of the new gedcom file, and whether or not to indent the output
according to the level of the record. $flush defaults to false, but the new
file name must be specified.
write_xml¶
$ged->write_xml($new_xml_file);
Write the gedcom file as XML.
Takes the name of the new gedcom file.
Note that this function is experimental. The XML output doesn't conform to any
standard that I know of, because I don't know of any standard. If and when
such a standard surfaces, and probably even if it doesn't, I'll change the
output from this function. If you make use of this function, beware. I'd also
be very interested in hearing from you to determine the requirements for the
XML.
collect_xrefs¶
$ged->collect_xrefs($callback);
Collect all the xrefs into a data structure ($ged->{xrefs}) for easy
location. $callback is not used yet.
Called by
new().
resolve_xref¶
my $xref = $self->resolve_xref($value);
Return the record $value points to, or undef.
resolve_xrefs¶
$ged->resolve_xrefs($callback);
Changes all xrefs to reference the record they are pointing to. Like changing a
soft link to a hard link on a Unix filesystem. $callback is not used yet.
unresolve_xrefs¶
$ged->unresolve_xrefs($callback);
Changes all xrefs to name the record they contained. Like changing a hard link
to a soft link on a Unix filesystem. $callback is not used yet.
validate¶
return unless $ged->validate($callback);
Validate the gedcom object. This performs a number of consistency checks, but
could do even more. $callback is not properly used yet.
Any errors found are given out as warnings. If this is unwanted, use
$SIG{__WARN__} to catch the warnings.
Returns true iff the gedcom object is valid.
normalise_dates¶
$ged->normalise_dates;
$ged->normalise_dates("%A, %E %B %Y");
Change all recognised dates into a consistent format. This routine uses
Date::Manip to do the work, so you can look at its documentation regarding
formats that are recognised and % sequences for the output.
Optionally takes a format to use for the output. The default is currently
"%A, %E %B %Y", but I may change this, as it seems that some
programs don't like that format.
renumber¶
$ged->renumber;
my %xrefs = $ged->renumber(INDI => 34, FAM => 12, xrefs => [$xref1, $xref2]);
Renumber all the records.
Optional parameters are:
tag name => last used number (defaults to 0)
xrefs => list of xrefs to renumber first
As a record is renumbered, it is assigned the next available number. The
husband, wife, children, parents and siblings are then renumbered in that
order. This helps to ensure that families are numerically close together.
The hash returned is the updated hash that was passed in.
sort_sub¶
$ged->order($ged->sort_sub);
Default ordering subroutine.
The sort is by record type in the following order: HEAD, SUBM, INDI, FAM, NOTE,
TRLR, and then by xref within the type.
order¶
$ged->order;
$ged->order($order_sub);
Order all the records. Optionally provide a sort subroutine.
This orders the entries within the gedcom object, which will affect the order in
which they are written out. The default sort function is Gedcom::sort_sub. You
will need to ensure that the HEAD record is first and that the TRLR record is
last.
individuals¶
my @individuals = $ged->individuals;
Return a list of all the individuals.
families¶
my @families = $ged->families;
Return a list of all the families.
get_individual¶
my $me = $ged->get_individual("Paul Johnson");
Return a list of all individuals matching the specified name.
There are thirteen matches performed, in decreasing order of exactitude. This
means that the more likely matches are at the head of the list.
In scalar context return the first match found.
The matches are:
1 - Xref
2 - Exact
3 - On word boundaries
4 - Anywhere
5 - Exact, case insensitive
6 - On word boundaries, case insensitive
7 - Anywhere, case insensitive
8 - Names in any order, on word boundaries
9 - Names in any order, anywhere
10 - Names in any order, on word boundaries, case insensitive
11 - Names in any order, anywhere, case insensitive
12 - Soundex code
13 - Soundex of name
next_xref¶
my $xref = $ged->next_xref("I");
Return the next available xref with the specified prefix.
add_record¶
add_header
add_submitter
add_individual
add_family
add_note
add_repository
add_source
add_trailer
Create and return a new record of the specified type.
Normally you will not want to pass any arguments to the function. Those
functions which have an xref (ie not header or trailer) accept an optional
first argument { xref => $x } which will use $x as the xref rather than
letting the module automatically choose the xref.
add_note also accepts an optional second argument which is the text to be used
on the first line of the note.
get_record¶
get_header
get_submitter
get_family
get_note
get_repository
get_source
get_trailer
Return all records of the specified type. In scalar context just return the
first record. If a parameter is passed in, just return records of that
xref.