NAME¶
groff_char - groff glyph names
DESCRIPTION¶
This manual page lists the standard
groff glyph names and the default
input mapping, latin1. The glyphs in this document look different depending on
which output device was chosen (with option
-T for the
man(1)
program or the roff formatter). Glyphs not available for the device that is
being used to print or view this manual page are marked with `(N/A)'; the
device currently used is `'.
In the actual version,
groff provides only 8-bit characters for direct
input and named entities for further glyphs. On ASCII platforms, input
character codes in the range 0 to 127 (decimal) represent the usual 7-bit
ASCII characters, while codes between 127 and 255 are interpreted as the
corresponding characters in the
latin1 (
ISO-8859-1) code set by
default. This mapping is contained in the file latin1.tmac and can be changed
by loading a different input encoding. Note that some of the input characters
are reserved by
groff, either for internal use or for special input
purposes. On EBCDIC platforms, only code page
cp1047 is supported
(which contains the same characters as latin1; the input encoding file is
called cp1047.tmac). Again, some input characters are reserved for internal
and special purposes.
All roff systems provide the concept of named glyphs. In traditional roff
systems, only names of length 2 were used, while groff also provides
support for longer names. It is strongly suggested that only named glyphs are
used for all character representations outside of the printable 7-bit ASCII
range.
Some of the predefined groff escape sequences (with names of length 1)
also produce single glyphs; these exist for historical reasons or are
printable versions of syntactical characters. They include `\\', `\´',
`\`', `\-', `\.', and `\e'; see
groff(7).
In groff, all of these different types of characters and glyphs can be tested
positively with the `.if c' conditional.
REFERENCE¶
In this section, the glyphs in groff are specified in tabular form. The meaning
of the columns is as follows.
- Output
- shows how the glyph is printed for the current device; although this can
have quite a different shape on other devices, it always represents the
same glyph.
- Input
- specifies how the glyph is input either directly by a key on the keyboard,
or by a groff escape sequence.
- Code
- applies to glyphs which can be input with a single character, and gives
the ISO latin1 decimal code of that input character. Note that this code
is equivalent to the lowest 256 Unicode characters, including 7-bit ASCII
in the range 0 to 127.
- PostScript
- gives the usual PostScript name of the glyph.
- Unicode
- is the glyph name used in composite glyph names.
7-bit Character Codes 32–126¶
These are the basic glyphs having 7-bit ASCII code values assigned. They are
identical to the printable characters of the character standards ISO-8859-1
(latin1) and Unicode (range
Basic Latin). The glyph names used in
composite glyph names are `u0020' up to `u007E'.
Note that input characters in the range 0-31 and character 127 are
not
printable characters. Most of them are invalid input characters for
groff anyway, and the valid ones have special meaning. For EBCDIC, the
printable characters are in the range 66-255.
- 48-57
- Decimal digits 0 to 9 (print as themselves).
- 65-90
- Upper case letters A-Z (print as themselves).
- 97-122
- Lower case letters a–z (print as themselves).
Most of the remaining characters not in the just described ranges print as
themselves; the only exceptions are the following characters:
- `
- the ISO latin1 `Grave Accent' (code 96) prints as `, a left single
quotation mark; the original character can be obtained with `\`'.
- '
- the ISO latin1 `Apostrophe' (code 39) prints as ', a right single
quotation mark; the original character can be obtained with `\(aq'.
- -
- the ISO latin1 `Hyphen, Minus Sign' (code 45) prints as a hyphen; a
minus sign can be obtained with `\-'.
- ~
- the ISO latin1 `Tilde' (code 126) is reduced in size to be usable
as a diacritic; a larger glyph can be obtained with `\(ti'.
- ^
- the ISO latin1 `Circumflex Accent' (code 94) is reduced in size to
be usable as a diacritic; a larger glyph can be obtained with `\(ha'.
Output |
Input |
Code |
PostScript |
Unicode |
Notes |
|
|
|
33 |
exclam |
u0021 |
|
|
|
34 |
quotedbl |
u0022 |
|
|
|
35 |
numbersign |
u0023 |
|
|
|
36 |
dollar |
u0024 |
|
|
|
37 |
percent |
u0025 |
|
|
|
38 |
ampersand |
u0026 |
|
|
|
39 |
quoteright |
u0027 |
|
|
|
40 |
parenleft |
u0028 |
|
|
|
41 |
parenright |
u0029 |
|
|
|
42 |
asterisk |
u002A |
|
|
|
43 |
plus |
u002B |
|
|
|
44 |
comma |
u002C |
|
|
|
45 |
hyphen |
u2010 |
|
|
|
46 |
period |
u002E |
|
|
|
47 |
slash |
u002F |
|
|
|
58 |
colon |
u003A |
|
|
|
59 |
semicolon |
u003B |
|
|
|
60 |
less |
u003C |
|
|
|
61 |
equal |
u003D |
|
|
|
62 |
greater |
u003E |
|
|
|
63 |
question |
u003F |
|
|
|
64 |
at |
u0040 |
|
|
|
91 |
bracketleft |
u005B |
|
|
|
92 |
backslash |
u005C |
|
|
|
93 |
bracketright |
u005D |
|
|
|
94 |
circumflex |
u005E |
circumflex accent |
|
|
95 |
underscore |
u005F |
|
|
|
96 |
quoteleft |
u0060 |
|
|
|
123 |
braceleft |
u007B |
|
|
|
124 |
bar |
u007C |
|
|
|
125 |
braceright |
u007D |
|
|
|
126 |
tilde |
u007E |
tilde accent |
8-bit Character Codes 160 to 255¶
They are interpreted as printable characters according to the
latin1
(
ISO-8859-1) code set, being identical to the Unicode range
Latin-1
Supplement.
Input characters in range 128-159 (on non-EBCDIC hosts) are not printable
characters.
- 160
- the ISO latin1 no-break space is mapped to `\~', the stretchable
space character.
- 173
- the soft hyphen control character. groff never uses this character
for output (thus it is omitted in the table below); the input
character 173 is mapped onto `\%'.
The remaining ranges (161-172, 174-255) are printable characters that print as
themselves. Although they can be specified directly with the keyboard on
systems with a latin1 code page, it is better to use their glyph names; see
next section.
Output |
Input |
Code |
PostScript |
Unicode |
Notes |
|
|
|
161 |
exclamdown |
u00A1 |
inverted exclamation mark |
|
|
162 |
cent |
u00A2 |
|
|
|
163 |
sterling |
u00A3 |
|
|
|
164 |
currency |
u00A4 |
|
|
|
165 |
yen |
u00A5 |
|
|
|
166 |
brokenbar |
u00A6 |
|
|
|
167 |
section |
u00A7 |
|
|
|
168 |
dieresis |
u00A8 |
|
|
|
169 |
copyright |
u00A9 |
|
|
|
170 |
ordfeminine |
u00AA |
|
|
|
171 |
guillemotleft |
u00AB |
|
|
|
172 |
logicalnot |
u00AC |
|
|
|
174 |
registered |
u00AE |
|
|
|
175 |
macron |
u00AF |
|
|
|
176 |
degree |
u00B0 |
|
|
|
177 |
plusminus |
u00B1 |
|
|
|
178 |
twosuperior |
u00B2 |
|
|
|
179 |
threesuperior |
u00B3 |
|
|
|
180 |
acute |
u00B4 |
acute accent |
|
|
181 |
mu |
u00B5 |
micro sign |
|
|
182 |
paragraph |
u00B6 |
|
|
|
183 |
periodcentered |
u00B7 |
|
|
|
184 |
cedilla |
u00B8 |
|
|
|
185 |
onesuperior |
u00B9 |
|
|
|
186 |
ordmasculine |
u00BA |
|
|
|
187 |
guillemotright |
u00BB |
|
|
|
188 |
onequarter |
u00BC |
|
|
|
189 |
onehalf |
u00BD |
|
|
|
190 |
threequarters |
u00BE |
|
|
|
191 |
questiondown |
u00BF |
|
|
|
192 |
Agrave |
u0041_0300 |
|
|
|
193 |
Aacute |
u0041_0301 |
|
|
|
194 |
Acircumflex |
u0041_0302 |
|
|
|
195 |
Atilde |
u0041_0303 |
|
|
|
196 |
Adieresis |
u0041_0308 |
|
|
|
197 |
Aring |
u0041_030A |
|
|
|
198 |
AE |
u00C6 |
|
|
|
199 |
Ccedilla |
u0043_0327 |
|
|
|
200 |
Egrave |
u0045_0300 |
|
|
|
201 |
Eacute |
u0045_0301 |
|
|
|
202 |
Ecircumflex |
u0045_0302 |
|
|
|
203 |
Edieresis |
u0045_0308 |
|
|
|
204 |
Igrave |
u0049_0300 |
|
|
|
205 |
Iacute |
u0049_0301 |
|
|
|
206 |
Icircumflex |
u0049_0302 |
|
|
|
207 |
Idieresis |
u0049_0308 |
|
|
|
208 |
Eth |
u00D0 |
|
|
|
209 |
Ntilde |
u004E_0303 |
|
|
|
210 |
Ograve |
u004F_0300 |
|
|
|
211 |
Oacute |
u004F_0301 |
|
|
|
212 |
Ocircumflex |
u004F_0302 |
|
|
|
213 |
Otilde |
u004F_0303 |
|
|
|
214 |
Odieresis |
u004F_0308 |
|
|
|
215 |
multiply |
u00D7 |
|
|
|
216 |
Oslash |
u00D8 |
|
|
|
217 |
Ugrave |
u0055_0300 |
|
|
|
218 |
Uacute |
u0055_0301 |
|
|
|
219 |
Ucircumflex |
u0055_0302 |
|
|
|
220 |
Udieresis |
u0055_0308 |
|
|
|
221 |
Yacute |
u0059_0301 |
|
|
|
222 |
Thorn |
u00DE |
|
|
|
223 |
germandbls |
u00DF |
|
|
|
224 |
agrave |
u0061_0300 |
|
|
|
225 |
aacute |
u0061_0301 |
|
|
|
226 |
acircumflex |
u0061_0302 |
|
|
|
227 |
atilde |
u0061_0303 |
|
|
|
228 |
adieresis |
u0061_0308 |
|
|
|
229 |
aring |
u0061_030A |
|
|
|
230 |
ae |
u00E6 |
|
|
|
231 |
ccedilla |
u0063_0327 |
|
|
|
232 |
egrave |
u0065_0300 |
|
|
|
233 |
eacute |
u0065_0301 |
|
|
|
234 |
ecircumflex |
u0065_0302 |
|
|
|
235 |
edieresis |
u0065_0308 |
|
|
|
236 |
igrave |
u0069_0300 |
|
|
|
237 |
iacute |
u0069_0301 |
|
|
|
238 |
icircumflex |
u0069_0302 |
|
|
|
239 |
idieresis |
u0069_0308 |
|
|
|
240 |
eth |
u00F0 |
|
|
|
241 |
ntilde |
u006E_0303 |
|
|
|
242 |
ograve |
u006F_0300 |
|
|
|
243 |
oacute |
u006F_0301 |
|
|
|
244 |
ocircumflex |
u006F_0302 |
|
|
|
245 |
otilde |
u006F_0303 |
|
|
|
246 |
odieresis |
u006F_0308 |
|
|
|
247 |
divide |
u00F7 |
|
|
|
248 |
oslash |
u00F8 |
|
|
|
249 |
ugrave |
u0075_0300 |
|
|
|
250 |
uacute |
u0075_0301 |
|
|
|
251 |
ucircumflex |
u0075_0302 |
|
|
|
252 |
udieresis |
u0075_0308 |
|
|
|
253 |
yacute |
u0079_0301 |
|
|
|
254 |
thorn |
u00FE |
|
|
|
255 |
ydieresis |
u0079_0308 |
|
Named Glyphs¶
Glyph names can be embedded into the document text by using escape sequences.
groff(7) describes how these escape sequences look. Glyph names can
consist of quite arbitrary characters from the ASCII or latin1 code set, not
only alphanumeric characters. Here some examples:
- \(ch
- A glyph having the 2-character name ch.
- \[char_name]
- A glyph having the name char_name (having length 1, 2, 3, ...).
Note that ` c' is not the same as `\[ c]' (c a
single character): The latter is internally mapped to glyph name `\
c'. By default, groff defines a single glyph name starting with a
backslash, namely `\-', which can be either accessed as `\-' or
`\[-]'.
- \[base_glyph composite_1 composite_2 ...]
- A composite glyph; see below for a more detailed description.
In groff, each 8-bit input character can also referred to by the construct
`\[char
n]' where
n is the decimal code of the character, a
number between 0 and 255 without leading zeros (those entities are
not glyph names). They are normally mapped onto glyphs using the .trin
request. Another special convention is the handling of glyphs with names
directly derived from a Unicode code point; this is discussed below. Moreover,
new glyph names can be created by the .char request; see
groff(7).
In the following, a plus sign in the `Notes' column indicates that this
particular glyph name appears in the PS version of the original troff
documentation, CSTR 54.
Entries marked with `***' denote glyphs for mathematical purposes (mainly used
for DVI output). Normally, such glyphs have metrics which make them unusable
in normal text.
Output |
Input |
PostScript |
Unicode |
Notes |
|
Ð |
\[-D] |
Eth |
u00D0 |
uppercase eth |
ð |
\[Sd] |
eth |
u00F0 |
lowercase eth |
Þ |
\[TP] |
Thorn |
u00DE |
uppercase thorn |
þ |
\[Tp] |
thorn |
u00FE |
lowercase thorn |
ß |
\[ss] |
germandbls |
u00DF |
German sharp s |
Ligatures and Other Latin Glyphs
Output |
Input |
PostScript |
Unicode |
Notes |
|
ff |
\[ff] |
ff |
u0066_0066 |
ff ligature + |
fi |
\[fi] |
fi |
u0066_0069 |
fi ligature + |
fl |
\[fl] |
fl |
u0066_006C |
fl ligature + |
ffi |
\[Fi] |
ffi |
u0066_0066_0069 |
ffi ligature + |
ffl |
\[Fl] |
ffl |
u0066_0066_006C |
ffl ligature + |
Ł |
\[/L] |
Lslash |
u0141 |
(Polish) |
ł |
\[/l] |
lslash |
u0142 |
(Polish) |
Ø |
\[/O] |
Oslash |
u00D8 |
(Scandinavian) |
ø |
\[/o] |
oslash |
u00F8 |
(Scandinavian) |
Æ |
\[AE] |
AE |
u00C6 |
|
æ |
\[ae] |
ae |
u00E6 |
|
Œ |
\[OE] |
OE |
u0152 |
|
œ |
\[oe] |
oe |
u0153 |
|
IJ |
\[IJ] |
IJ |
u0132 |
(Dutch) |
ij |
\[ij] |
ij |
u0133 |
(Dutch) |
ı |
\[.i] |
dotlessi |
u0131 |
(Turkish) |
ȷ |
\[.j] |
dotlessj |
u0237 |
j without a dot |
Accented Characters
Output |
Input |
PostScript |
Unicode |
Notes |
|
Á |
\['A] |
Aacute |
u0041_0301 |
|
|
\['C] |
Cacute |
u0043_0301 |
|
É |
\['E] |
Eacute |
u0045_0301 |
|
Í |
\['I] |
Iacute |
u0049_0301 |
|
Ó |
\['O] |
Oacute |
u004F_0301 |
|
Ú |
\['U] |
Uacute |
u0055_0301 |
|
|
\['Y] |
Yacute |
u0059_0301 |
|
á |
\['a] |
aacute |
u0061_0301 |
|
|
\['c] |
cacute |
u0063_0301 |
|
é |
\['e] |
eacute |
u0065_0301 |
|
í |
\['i] |
iacute |
u0069_0301 |
|
ó |
\['o] |
oacute |
u006F_0301 |
|
ú |
\['u] |
uacute |
u0075_0301 |
|
|
\['y] |
yacute |
u0079_0301 |
|
Ä |
\[:A] |
Adieresis |
u0041_0308 |
A with umlaut |
Ë |
\[:E] |
Edieresis |
u0045_0308 |
|
Ï |
\[:I] |
Idieresis |
u0049_0308 |
|
Ö |
\[:O] |
Odieresis |
u004F_0308 |
|
Ü |
\[:U] |
Udieresis |
u0055_0308 |
|
|
\[:Y] |
Ydieresis |
u0059_0308 |
|
ä |
\[:a] |
adieresis |
u0061_0308 |
|
ë |
\[:e] |
edieresis |
u0065_0308 |
|
ï |
\[:i] |
idieresis |
u0069_0308 |
|
ö |
\[:o] |
odieresis |
u006F_0308 |
|
ü |
\[:u] |
udieresis |
u0075_0308 |
|
ÿ |
\[:y] |
ydieresis |
u0079_0308 |
|
 |
\[^A] |
Acircumflex |
u0041_0302 |
|
Ê |
\[^E] |
Ecircumflex |
u0045_0302 |
|
Î |
\[^I] |
Icircumflex |
u0049_0302 |
|
Ô |
\[^O] |
Ocircumflex |
u004F_0302 |
|
Û |
\[^U] |
Ucircumflex |
u0055_0302 |
|
â |
\[^a] |
acircumflex |
u0061_0302 |
|
ê |
\[^e] |
ecircumflex |
u0065_0302 |
|
î |
\[^i] |
icircumflex |
u0069_0302 |
|
ô |
\[^o] |
ocircumflex |
u006F_0302 |
|
û |
\[^u] |
ucircumflex |
u0075_0302 |
|
À |
\[`A] |
Agrave |
u0041_0300 |
|
È |
\[`E] |
Egrave |
u0045_0300 |
|
Ì |
\[`I] |
Igrave |
u0049_0300 |
|
Ò |
\[`O] |
Ograve |
u004F_0300 |
|
Ù |
\[`U] |
Ugrave |
u0055_0300 |
|
à |
\[`a] |
agrave |
u0061_0300 |
|
è |
\[`e] |
egrave |
u0065_0300 |
|
ì |
\[`i] |
igrave |
u0069_0300 |
|
ò |
\[`o] |
ograve |
u006F_0300 |
|
ù |
\[`u] |
ugrave |
u0075_0300 |
|
à |
\[~A] |
Atilde |
u0041_0303 |
|
Ñ |
\[~N] |
Ntilde |
u004E_0303 |
|
Õ |
\[~O] |
Otilde |
u004F_0303 |
|
ã |
\[~a] |
atilde |
u0061_0303 |
|
ñ |
\[~n] |
ntilde |
u006E_0303 |
|
õ |
\[~o] |
otilde |
u006F_0303 |
|
|
\[vS] |
Scaron |
u0053_030C |
|
|
\[vs] |
scaron |
u0073_030C |
|
|
\[vZ] |
Zcaron |
u005A_030C |
|
|
\[vz] |
zcaron |
u007A_030C |
|
Ç |
\[,C] |
Ccedilla |
u0043_0327 |
|
ç |
\[,c] |
ccedilla |
u0063_0327 |
|
Å |
\[oA] |
Aring |
u0041_030A |
|
å |
\[oa] |
aring |
u0061_030A |
|
Accents
The
composite request is used to map most of the accents to non-spacing
glyph names; the values given in parentheses are the original (spacing) ones.
Output |
Input |
PostScript |
Unicode |
Notes |
|
˝ |
\[a"] |
hungarumlaut |
u030B (u02DD) |
(Hungarian) |
¯ |
\[a-] |
macron |
u0304 (u00AF) |
|
˙ |
\[a.] |
dotaccent |
u0307 (u02D9) |
|
^ |
\[a^] |
circumfle |
u0302 (u005E) |
|
´ |
\[aa] |
acute |
u0301 (u00B4) |
+ |
` |
\[ga] |
grave |
u0300 (u0060) |
+ |
˘ |
\[ab] |
breve |
u0306 (u02D8) |
|
¸ |
\[ac] |
cedilla |
u0327 (u00B8) |
|
¨ |
\[ad] |
dieresis |
u0308 (u00A8) |
umlaut |
ˇ |
\[ah] |
caron |
u030C (u02C7) |
|
˚ |
\[ao] |
ring |
u030A (u02DA) |
circle |
~ |
\[a~] |
tilde |
u0303 (u007E) |
|
˛ |
\[ho] |
ogonek |
u0328 (u02DB) |
hook |
^ |
\[ha] |
asciicircum |
u005E |
(spacing) |
~ |
\[ti] |
asciitilde |
u007E |
(spacing) |
Quotes
Output |
Input |
PostScript |
Unicode |
Notes |
|
„ |
\[Bq] |
quotedblbase |
u201E |
low double comma quote |
‚ |
\[bq] |
quotesinglbase |
u201A |
low single comma quote |
“ |
\[lq] |
quotedblleft |
u201C |
|
” |
\[rq] |
quotedblright |
u201D |
|
‘ |
\[oq] |
quoteleft |
u2018 |
single open quote |
’ |
\[cq] |
quoteright |
u2019 |
single closing quote |
' |
\[aq] |
quotesingle |
u0027 |
apostrophe quote (ASCII 39) |
" |
\[dq] |
quotedbl |
u0022 |
double quote (ASCII 34) |
« |
\[Fo] |
guillemotleft |
u00AB |
|
» |
\[Fc] |
guillemotright |
u00BB |
|
‹ |
\[fo] |
guilsinglleft |
u2039 |
|
› |
\[fc] |
guilsinglright |
u203A |
|
Punctuation
Output |
Input |
PostScript |
Unicode Notes |
|
|
¡ |
\[r!] |
exclamdown |
u00A1 |
|
¿ |
\[r?] |
questiondown |
u00BF |
|
— |
\[em] |
emdash |
u2014 |
+ |
– |
\[en] |
endash |
u2013 |
|
‐ |
\[hy] |
hyphen |
u2010 |
+ |
Brackets
The extensible bracket pieces are font-invariant glyphs. In classical troff only
one glyph was available to vertically extend brackets, braces, and
parentheses: `bv'. We map it rather arbitrarily to u23AA.
Note that not all devices contain extensible bracket pieces which can be piled
up with `\b' due to the restrictions of the escape's piling algorithm. A
general solution to build brackets out of pieces is the following macro:
.\" Make a pile centered vertically 0.5em
.\" above the baseline.
.\" The first argument is placed at the top.
.\" The pile is returned in string `pile'
.eo
.de pile-make
. nr pile-wd 0
. nr pile-ht 0
. ds pile-args
.
. nr pile-# \n[.$]
. while \n[pile-#] \{\
. nr pile-wd (\n[pile-wd] >? \w'\$[\n[pile-#]]')
. nr pile-ht +(\n[rst] - \n[rsb])
. as pile-args \v'\n[rsb]u'\"
. as pile-args \Z'\$[\n[pile-#]]'\"
. as pile-args \v'-\n[rst]u'\"
. nr pile-# -1
. \}
.
. ds pile \v'(-0.5m + (\n[pile-ht]u / 2u))'\"
. as pile \*[pile-args]\"
. as pile \v'((\n[pile-ht]u / 2u) + 0.5m)'\"
. as pile \h'\n[pile-wd]u'\"
..
.ec
Another complication is the fact that some glyphs which represent bracket pieces
in original troff can be used for other mathematical symbols also, for example
`lf' and `rf' which provide the `floor' operator. Other devices (most notably
for DVI output) don't unify such glyphs. For this reason, the four glyphs
`lf', `rf', `lc', and `rc' are not unified with similarly looking bracket
pieces. In
groff, only glyphs with long names are guaranteed to pile up
correctly for all devices (provided those glyphs exist).
Output |
Input |
PostScript |
Unicode |
Notes |
|
[ |
\[lB] |
bracketleft |
u005B |
|
] |
\[rB] |
bracketright |
u005D |
|
{ |
\[lC] |
braceleft |
u007B |
|
} |
\[rC] |
braceright |
u007D |
|
⟨ |
\[la] |
angleleft |
u27E8 |
left angle bracket |
⟩ |
\[ra] |
angleright |
u27E9 |
right angle bracket |
|
|
|
|
|
⎪ |
\[bv] |
braceex |
u23AA |
vertical extension *** + |
⎪ |
\[braceex] |
braceex |
u23AA |
|
|
|
|
|
|
⎡ |
\[bracketlefttp] |
bracketlefttp |
u23A1 |
|
⎣ |
\[bracketleftbt] |
bracketleftbt |
u23A3 |
|
⎢ |
\[bracketleftex] |
bracketleftex |
u23A2 |
|
⎤ |
\[bracketrighttp] |
bracketrighttp |
u23A4 |
|
⎦ |
\[bracketrightbt] |
bracketrightbt |
u23A6 |
|
⎥ |
\[bracketrightex] |
bracketrightex |
u23A5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
⎧ |
\[lt] |
bracelefttp |
u23A7 |
+ |
⎧ |
\[bracelefttp] |
bracelefttp |
u23A7 |
|
⎨ |
\[lk] |
braceleftmid |
u23A8 |
+ |
⎨ |
\[braceleftmid] |
braceleftmid |
u23A8 |
|
⎩ |
\[lb] |
braceleftbt |
u23A9 |
+ |
⎩ |
\[braceleftbt] |
braceleftbt |
u23A9 |
|
⎪ |
\[braceleftex] |
braceleftex |
u23AA |
|
⎫ |
\[rt] |
bracerighttp |
u23AB |
+ |
⎫ |
\[bracerighttp] |
bracerighttp |
u23AB |
|
⎬ |
\[rk] |
bracerightmid |
u23AC |
+ |
⎬ |
\[bracerightmid] |
bracerightmid |
u23AC |
|
⎭ |
\[rb] |
bracerightbt |
u23AD |
+ |
⎭ |
\[bracerightbt] |
bracerightbt |
u23AD |
|
⎪ |
\[bracerightex] |
bracerightex |
u23AA |
|
. |
|
|
|
|
⎛ |
\[parenlefttp] |
parenlefttp |
u239B |
|
⎝ |
\[parenleftbt] |
parenleftbt |
u239D |
|
⎜ |
\[parenleftex] |
parenleftex |
u239C |
|
⎞ |
\[parenrighttp] |
parenrighttp |
u239E |
|
⎠ |
\[parenrightbt] |
parenrightbt |
u23A0 |
|
⎟ |
\[parenrightex] |
parenrightex |
u239F |
|
Arrows
Output |
Input |
PostScript |
Unicode |
Notes |
|
← |
\[<-] |
arrowleft |
u2190 |
+ |
→ |
\[->] |
arrowright |
u2192 |
+ |
↔ |
\[<>] |
arrowboth |
u2194 |
(horizontal) |
↓ |
\[da] |
arrowdown |
u2193 |
+ |
↑ |
\[ua] |
arrowup |
u2191 |
+ |
↕ |
\[va] |
arrowupdn |
u2195 |
|
⇐ |
\[lA] |
arrowdblleft |
u21D0 |
|
⇒ |
\[rA] |
arrowdblright |
u21D2 |
|
⇔ |
\[hA] |
arrowdblboth |
u21D4 |
(horizontal) |
⇓ |
\[dA] |
arrowdbldown |
u21D3 |
|
⇑ |
\[uA] |
arrowdblup |
u21D1 |
|
⇕ |
\[vA] |
uni21D5 |
u21D5 |
vertical double-headed double arrow |
⎯ |
\[an] |
arrowhorizex |
u23AF |
horizontal arrow extension |
Lines
The font-invariant glyphs `br', `ul', and `rn' form corners; they can be used to
build boxes. Note that both the PostScript and the Unicode-derived names of
these three glyphs are just rough approximations.
`rn' also serves in classical troff as the horizontal extension of the square
root sign.
`ru' is a font-invariant glyph, namely a rule of length 0.5m.
Output |
Input |
PostScript |
Unicode |
Notes |
|
| |
\[ba] |
bar |
u007C |
|
│ |
\[br] |
SF110000 |
u2502 |
box rule + |
_ |
\[ul] |
underscore |
u005F |
+ |
‾ |
\[rn] |
overline |
u203E |
+ |
_ |
\[ru] |
--- |
--- |
baseline rule + |
¦ |
\[bb] |
brokenbar |
u00A6 |
|
/ |
\[sl] |
slash |
u002F |
+ |
\ |
\[rs] |
backslash |
u005C |
reverse solidus |
Use `\[radicalex]', not `\[overline]', for continuation of square root.
Text markers
Output |
Input |
PostScript |
Unicode |
Notes |
|
○ |
\[ci] |
circle |
u25CB |
+ |
• |
\[bu] |
bullet |
u2022 |
+ |
‡ |
\[dd] |
daggerdbl |
u2021 |
double dagger sign + |
† |
\[dg] |
dagger |
u2020 |
+ |
◊ |
\[lz] |
lozenge |
u25CA |
|
□ |
\[sq] |
uni25A1 |
u25A1 |
white square + |
¶ |
\[ps] |
paragraph |
u00B6 |
|
§ |
\[sc] |
section |
u00A7 |
+ |
☜ |
\[lh] |
uni261C |
u261C |
hand pointing left + |
☞ |
\[rh] |
a14 |
u261E |
hand pointing right + |
@ |
\[at] |
at |
u0040 |
|
# |
\[sh] |
numbersign |
u0023 |
|
↵ |
\[CR] |
carriagereturn |
u21B5 |
|
✓ |
\[OK] |
a19 |
u2713 |
check mark, tick |
Legal Symbols
Output |
Input |
PostScript |
Unicode |
Notes |
|
© |
\[co] |
copyright |
u00A9 |
+ |
® |
\[rg] |
registered |
u00AE |
+ |
™ |
\[tm] |
trademark |
u2122 |
|
|
\[bs] |
--- |
--- |
AT&T Bell Labs logo + |
The Bell Labs logo is not supported in groff.
Currency symbols
Output |
Input |
PostScript |
Unicode |
Notes |
|
$ |
\[Do] |
dollar |
u0024 |
|
¢ |
\[ct] |
cent |
u00A2 |
+ |
€ |
\[eu] |
--- |
u20AC |
official Euro symbol |
€ |
\[Eu] |
Euro |
u20AC |
font-specific Euro glyph variant |
¥ |
\[Ye] |
yen |
u00A5 |
|
£ |
\[Po] |
sterling |
u00A3 |
British currency sign |
¤ |
\[Cs] |
currency |
u00A4 |
Scandinavian currency sign |
ƒ |
\[Fn] |
florin |
u0192 |
Dutch currency sign |
Units
Output |
Input |
PostScript |
Unicode |
Notes |
|
° |
\[de] |
degree |
u00B0 |
+ |
‰ |
\[%0] |
perthousand |
u2030 |
per thousand, per mille sign |
′ |
\[fm] |
minute |
u2032 |
footmark, prime + |
″ |
\[sd] |
second |
u2033 |
|
µ |
\[mc] |
mu |
u00B5 |
micro sign |
ª |
\[Of] |
ordfeminine |
u00AA |
|
º |
\[Om] |
ordmasculine |
u00BA |
|
Logical Symbols
Output |
Input |
PostScript |
Unicode |
Notes |
|
∧ |
\[AN] |
logicaland |
u2227 |
|
∨ |
\[OR] |
logicalor |
u2228 |
|
¬ |
\[no] |
logicalnot |
u00AC |
+ |
¬ |
\[tno] |
logicalnot |
u00AC |
text variant of `no' |
∃ |
\[te] |
existential |
u2203 |
there exists |
∀ |
\[fa] |
universal |
u2200 |
for all |
∋ |
\[st] |
suchthat |
u220B |
|
∴ |
\[3d] |
therefore |
u2234 |
|
∴ |
\[tf] |
therefore |
u2234 |
|
| |
\[or] |
bar |
u007C |
bitwise OR operator (as used in C) + |
Mathematical Symbols
Output |
Input |
PostScript |
Unicode |
Notes |
|
½ |
\[12] |
onehalf |
u00BD |
+ |
¼ |
\[14] |
onequarter |
u00BC |
+ |
¾ |
\[34] |
threequarters |
u00BE |
+ |
⅛ |
\[18] |
oneeighth |
u215B |
|
⅜ |
\[38] |
threeeighths |
u215C |
|
⅝ |
\[58] |
fiveeighths |
u215D |
|
⅞ |
\[78] |
seveneighths |
u215E |
|
¹ |
\[S1] |
onesuperior |
u00B9 |
|
² |
\[S2] |
twosuperior |
u00B2 |
|
³ |
\[S3] |
threesuperior |
u00B3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
\[pl] |
plus |
u002B |
plus in special font + |
− |
\[mi] |
minus |
u2212 |
minus in special font + |
∓ |
\[-+] |
uni2213 |
u2213 |
|
± |
\[+-] |
plusminus |
u00B1 |
+ |
± |
\[t+-] |
plusminus |
u00B1 |
text variant of `+-' |
· |
\[pc] |
periodcentered |
u00B7 |
|
⋅ |
\[md] |
dotmath |
u22C5 |
multiplication dot |
× |
\[mu] |
multiply |
u00D7 |
+ |
× |
\[tmu] |
multiply |
u00D7 |
text variant of `mu' |
⊗ |
\[c*] |
circlemultiply |
u2297 |
multiply sign in a circle |
⊕ |
\[c+] |
circleplus |
u2295 |
plus in a circle |
÷ |
\[di] |
divide |
u00F7 |
division + |
÷ |
\[tdi] |
divide |
u00F7 |
text variant of `di' |
⁄ |
\[f/] |
fraction |
u2044 |
bar for fractions |
∗ |
\[**] |
asteriskmath |
u2217 |
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
≤ |
\[<=] |
lessequal |
u2264 |
+ |
≥ |
\[>=] |
greaterequal |
u2265 |
+ |
≪ |
\[<<] |
uni226A |
u226A |
much less |
≫ |
\[>>] |
uni226B |
u226B |
much greater |
= |
\[eq] |
equal |
u003D |
equals in special font + |
≠ |
\[!=] |
notequal |
u003D_0338 |
+ |
≡ |
\[==] |
equivalence |
u2261 |
+ |
≢ |
\[ne] |
uni2262 |
u2261_0338 |
|
≅ |
\[=~] |
congruent |
u2245 |
approx. equal |
≃ |
\[|=] |
uni2243 |
u2243 |
asymptot. equal to + |
∼ |
\[ap] |
similar |
u223C |
+ |
≈ |
\[~~] |
approxequal |
u2248 |
almost equal to |
≈ |
\[~=] |
approxequal |
u2248 |
|
∝ |
\[pt] |
proportional |
u221D |
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
∅ |
\[es] |
emptyset |
u2205 |
+ |
∈ |
\[mo] |
element |
u2208 |
+ |
∉ |
\[nm] |
notelement |
u2208_0338 |
|
⊂ |
\[sb] |
propersubset |
u2282 |
+ |
⊄ |
\[nb] |
notsubset |
u2282_0338 |
|
⊃ |
\[sp] |
propersuperset |
u2283 |
+ |
⊅ |
\[nc] |
uni2285 |
u2283_0338 |
not superset |
⊆ |
\[ib] |
reflexsubset |
u2286 |
+ |
⊇ |
\[ip] |
reflexsuperset |
u2287 |
+ |
∩ |
\[ca] |
intersection |
u2229 |
intersection, cap + |
∪ |
\[cu] |
union |
u222A |
union, cup + |
|
|
|
|
|
∠ |
\[/_] |
angle |
u2220 |
|
⊥ |
\[pp] |
perpendicular |
u22A5 |
|
∫ |
\[is] |
integral |
u222B |
+ |
∫ |
\[integral] |
integral |
u222B |
*** |
∑ |
\[sum] |
summation |
u2211 |
*** |
∏ |
\[product] |
product |
u220F |
*** |
∐ |
\[coproduct] |
uni2210 |
u2210 |
*** |
∇ |
\[gr] |
gradient |
u2207 |
+ |
√ |
\[sr] |
radical |
u221A |
square root + |
√ |
\[sqrt] |
radical |
u221A |
*** |
|
\[radicalex] |
radicalex |
--- |
square root continuation |
|
\[sqrtex] |
radicalex |
--- |
*** |
|
|
|
|
|
⌈ |
\[lc] |
uni2308 |
u2308 |
left ceiling + |
⌉ |
\[rc] |
uni2309 |
u2309 |
right ceiling + |
⌊ |
\[lf] |
uni230A |
u230A |
left floor + |
⌋ |
\[rf] |
uni230B |
u230B |
right floor + |
|
|
|
|
|
∞ |
\[if] |
infinity |
u221E |
+ |
ℵ |
\[Ah] |
aleph |
u2135 |
|
ℑ |
\[Im] |
Ifraktur |
u2111 |
Gothic I, imaginary |
ℜ |
\[Re] |
Rfraktur |
u211C |
Gothic R, real |
℘ |
\[wp] |
weierstrass |
u2118 |
Weierstrass p |
∂ |
\[pd] |
partialdiff |
u2202 |
partial differentiation + |
ℏ |
\[-h] |
uni210F |
u210F |
Planck constant / 2pi |
ℏ |
\[hbar] |
uni210F |
u210F |
|
Greek glyphs
These glyphs are intended for technical use, not for real Greek; normally, the
uppercase letters have upright shape, and the lowercase ones are slanted.
There is a problem with the mapping of letter phi to Unicode. Prior to Unicode
version 3.0, the difference between U+03C6, GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI, and
U+03D5, GREEK PHI SYMBOL, was not clearly described; only the glyph shapes in
the Unicode book could be used as a reference. Starting with
Unicode 3.0, the reference glyphs have been exchanged and described
verbally also: In mathematical context, U+03D5 is the stroked variant and
U+03C6 the curly glyph. Unfortunately, most font vendors didn't update their
fonts to this (incompatible) change in Unicode. At the time of this writing
(January 2006), it is not clear yet whether the Adobe Glyph Names `phi' and
`phi1' also change its meaning if used for mathematics, thus compatibility
problems are likely to happen – being conservative, groff currently
assumes that `phi' in a PostScript symbol font is the stroked version.
In groff, symbol `\[*f]' always denotes the stroked version of phi, and `\[+f]'
the curly variant.
Output |
Input |
PostScript |
Unicode |
Notes |
|
Α |
\[*A] |
Alpha |
u0391 |
+ |
Β |
\[*B] |
Beta |
u0392 |
+ |
Γ |
\[*G] |
Gamma |
u0393 |
+ |
Δ |
\[*D] |
Delta |
u0394 |
+ |
Ε |
\[*E] |
Epsilon |
u0395 |
+ |
Ζ |
\[*Z] |
Zeta |
u0396 |
+ |
Η |
\[*Y] |
Eta |
u0397 |
+ |
Θ |
\[*H] |
Theta |
u0398 |
+ |
Ι |
\[*I] |
Iota |
u0399 |
+ |
Κ |
\[*K] |
Kappa |
u039A |
+ |
Λ |
\[*L] |
Lambda |
u039B |
+ |
Μ |
\[*M] |
Mu |
u039C |
+ |
Ν |
\[*N] |
Nu |
u039D |
+ |
Ξ |
\[*C] |
Xi |
u039E |
+ |
Ο |
\[*O] |
Omicron |
u039F |
+ |
Π |
\[*P] |
Pi |
u03A0 |
+ |
Ρ |
\[*R] |
Rho |
u03A1 |
+ |
Σ |
\[*S] |
Sigma |
u03A3 |
+ |
Τ |
\[*T] |
Tau |
u03A4 |
+ |
Υ |
\[*U] |
Upsilon |
u03A5 |
+ |
Φ |
\[*F] |
Phi |
u03A6 |
+ |
Χ |
\[*X] |
Chi |
u03A7 |
+ |
Ψ |
\[*Q] |
Psi |
u03A8 |
+ |
Ω |
\[*W] |
Omega |
u03A9 |
+ |
α |
\[*a] |
alpha |
u03B1 |
+ |
β |
\[*b] |
beta |
u03B2 |
+ |
γ |
\[*g] |
gamma |
u03B3 |
+ |
δ |
\[*d] |
delta |
u03B4 |
+ |
ε |
\[*e] |
epsilon |
u03B5 |
+ |
ζ |
\[*z] |
zeta |
u03B6 |
+ |
η |
\[*y] |
eta |
u03B7 |
+ |
θ |
\[*h] |
theta |
u03B8 |
+ |
ι |
\[*i] |
iota |
u03B9 |
+ |
κ |
\[*k] |
kappa |
u03BA |
+ |
λ |
\[*l] |
lambda |
u03BB |
+ |
μ |
\[*m] |
mu |
u03BC |
+ |
ν |
\[*n] |
nu |
u03BD |
+ |
ξ |
\[*c] |
xi |
u03BE |
+ |
ο |
\[*o] |
omicron |
u03BF |
+ |
π |
\[*p] |
pi |
u03C0 |
+ |
ρ |
\[*r] |
rho |
u03C1 |
+ |
ς |
\[ts] |
sigma1 |
u03C2 |
terminal sigma + |
σ |
\[*s] |
sigma |
u03C3 |
+ |
τ |
\[*t] |
tau |
u03C4 |
+ |
υ |
\[*u] |
upsilon |
u03C5 |
+ |
ϕ |
\[*f] |
phi |
u03D5 |
(stroked glyph) + |
χ |
\[*x] |
chi |
u03C7 |
+ |
ψ |
\[*q] |
psi |
u03C8 |
+ |
ω |
\[*w] |
omega |
u03C9 |
+ |
ϑ |
\[+h] |
theta1 |
u03D1 |
variant theta |
φ |
\[+f] |
phi1 |
u03C6 |
variant phi (curly shape) |
ϖ |
\[+p] |
omega1 |
u03D6 |
variant pi, looking like omega |
ϵ |
\[+e] |
uni03F5 |
u03F5 |
variant epsilon |
Card symbols
Output |
Input |
PostScript |
Unicode |
Notes |
|
♣ |
\[CL] |
club |
u2663 |
black club suit |
♠ |
\[SP] |
spade |
u2660 |
black spade suit |
♥ |
\[HE] |
heart |
u2665 |
black heart suit |
♡ |
\[u2661] |
uni2661 |
u2661 |
white heart suit |
♦ |
\[DI] |
diamond |
u2666 |
black diamond suit |
♢ |
\[u2662] |
uni2662 |
u2662 |
white diamond suit |
AUTHOR¶
Copyright © 1989-2004, 2006-2009, 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This document is distributed under the terms of the FDL (GNU Free Documentation
License) version 1.3 or later. You should have received a copy of the FDL on
your system, it is also available on-line at the
GNU
copyleft site
This document is part of
groff, the GNU roff distribution. It was written
by
James Clark with
additions by
Werner
Lemberg and
Bernd
Warken
SEE ALSO¶
- groff(1)
- the GNU roff formatter
- groff(7)
- a short reference of the groff formatting language
An extension to the troff character set for Europe, E.G. Keizer, K.J.
Simonsen, J. Akkerhuis; EUUG Newsletter, Volume 9, No. 2, Summer 1989
The Unicode
Standard