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FMEMOPEN(3) | Linux Programmer's Manual | FMEMOPEN(3) |
NAME¶
fmemopen - open memory as streamSYNOPSIS¶
#include <stdio.h> FILE *fmemopen(void *buf, size_t size, const char *mode);
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
fmemopen():
- Since glibc 2.10:
- _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200809L
- Before glibc 2.10:
- _GNU_SOURCE
DESCRIPTION¶
The fmemopen() function opens a stream that permits the access specified by mode. The stream allows I/O to be performed on the string or memory buffer pointed to by buf. The mode argument specifies the semantics of I/O on the stream, and is one of the following:- r
- The stream is opened for reading.
- w
- The stream is opened for writing.
- a
- Append; open the stream for writing, with the initial buffer position set to the first null byte.
- r+
- Open the stream for reading and writing.
- w+
- Open the stream for reading and writing. The buffer contents are truncated (i.e., '\0' is placed in the first byte of the buffer).
- a+
- Append; open the stream for reading and writing, with the initial buffer position set to the first null byte.
setbuf(stream, NULL);
RETURN VALUE¶
Upon successful completion, fmemopen() returns a FILE pointer. Otherwise, NULL is returned and errno is set to indicate the error.VERSIONS¶
fmemopen() was already available in glibc 1.0.x.ATTRIBUTES¶
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).Interface | Attribute | Value |
fmemopen (), | Thread safety | MT-Safe |
CONFORMING TO¶
POSIX.1-2008. This function is not specified in POSIX.1-2001, and is not widely available on other systems. POSIX.1-2008 specifies that 'b' in mode shall be ignored. However, Technical Corrigendum 1 adjusts the standard to allow implementation-specific treatment for this case, thus permitting the glibc treatment of 'b'.NOTES¶
There is no file descriptor associated with the file stream returned by this function (i.e., fileno(3) will return an error if called on the returned stream). With version 2.22, binary mode (see below) was removed, many longstanding bugs in the implementation of fmemopen() were fixed, and a new versioned symbol was created for this interface.Binary mode¶
From version 2.9 to 2.21, the glibc implementation of fmemopen() supported a "binary" mode, enabled by specifying the letter 'b' as the second character in mode. In this mode, writes don't implicitly add a terminating null byte, and fseek(3) SEEK_END is relative to the end of the buffer (i.e., the value specified by the size argument), rather than the current string length. An API bug afflicted the implementation of binary mode: to specify binary mode, the 'b' must be the second character in mode. Thus, for example, "wb+" has the desired effect, but "w+b" does not. This is inconsistent with the treatment of mode by fopen(3). Binary mode was removed in glibc 2.22; a 'b' specified in mode has no effect.BUGS¶
In versions of glibc before 2.22, if size is specified as zero, fmemopen() fails with the error EINVAL. It would be more consistent if this case successfully created a stream that then returned end-of-file on the first attempt at reading; since version 2.22, the glibc implementation provides that behavior. In versions of glibc before 2.22, specifying append mode ("a" or "a+") for fmemopen() sets the initial buffer position to the first null byte, but (if the current position is reset to a location other than the end of the stream) does not force subsequent writes to append at the end of the stream. This bug is fixed in glibc 2.22. In versions of glibc before 2.22, if the mode argument to fmemopen() specifies append ("a" or "a+"), and the size argument does not cover a null byte in buf, then, according to POSIX.1-2008, the initial buffer position should be set to the next byte after the end of the buffer. However, in this case the glibc fmemopen() sets the buffer position to -1. This bug is fixed in glibc 2.22. In versions of glibc before 2.22, when a call to fseek(3) with a whence value of SEEK_END was performed on a stream created by fmemopen(), the offset was subtracted from the end-of-stream position, instead of being added. This bug is fixed in glibc 2.22. The glibc 2.9 addition of "binary" mode for fmemopen() silently changed the ABI: previously, fmemopen() ignored 'b' in mode.EXAMPLE¶
The program below uses fmemopen() to open an input buffer, and open_memstream(3) to open a dynamically sized output buffer. The program scans its input string (taken from the program's first command-line argument) reading integers, and writes the squares of these integers to the output buffer. An example of the output produced by this program is the following:$ ./a.out '1 23 43' size=11; ptr=1 529 1849
Program source¶
#define _GNU_SOURCE #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define handle_error(msg) \ do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0) int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { FILE *out, *in; int v, s; size_t size; char *ptr; if (argc != 2) { fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s '<num>...'\n", argv[0]); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } in = fmemopen(argv[1], strlen(argv[1]), "r"); if (in == NULL) handle_error("fmemopen"); out = open_memstream(&ptr, &size); if (out == NULL) handle_error("open_memstream"); for (;;) { s = fscanf(in, "%d", &v); if (s <= 0) break; s = fprintf(out, "%d ", v * v); if (s == -1) handle_error("fprintf"); } fclose(in); fclose(out); printf("size=%zu; ptr=%s\n", size, ptr); free(ptr); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); }
SEE ALSO¶
fopen(3), fopencookie(3), open_memstream(3)COLOPHON¶
This page is part of release 4.10 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest version of this page, can be found at https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.2016-10-08 | GNU |