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GIT-CLONE(1) | Git Manual | GIT-CLONE(1) |
NAME¶
git-clone - Clone a repository into a new directorySYNOPSIS¶
git clone [--template=<template_directory>] [-l] [-s] [--no-hardlinks] [-q] [-n] [--bare] [--mirror] [-o <name>] [-b <name>] [-u <upload-pack>] [--reference <repository>] [--dissociate] [--separate-git-dir <git dir>] [--depth <depth>] [--[no-]single-branch] [--recursive | --recurse-submodules] [--[no-]shallow-submodules] [--jobs <n>] [--] <repository> [<directory>]
DESCRIPTION¶
Clones a repository into a newly created directory, creates remote-tracking branches for each branch in the cloned repository (visible using git branch -r), and creates and checks out an initial branch that is forked from the cloned repository’s currently active branch. After the clone, a plain git fetch without arguments will update all the remote-tracking branches, and a git pull without arguments will in addition merge the remote master branch into the current master branch, if any (this is untrue when "--single-branch" is given; see below). This default configuration is achieved by creating references to the remote branch heads under refs/remotes/origin and by initializing remote.origin.url and remote.origin.fetch configuration variables.OPTIONS¶
--local, -lWhen the repository to clone from is on a local machine,
this flag bypasses the normal "Git aware" transport mechanism and
clones the repository by making a copy of HEAD and everything under objects
and refs directories. The files under .git/objects/ directory are
hardlinked to save space when possible.
If the repository is specified as a local path (e.g., /path/to/repo),
this is the default, and --local is essentially a no-op. If the repository is
specified as a URL, then this flag is ignored (and we never use the local
optimizations). Specifying --no-local will override the default when
/path/to/repo is given, using the regular Git transport instead.
--no-hardlinks
Force the cloning process from a repository on a local
filesystem to copy the files under the .git/objects directory instead
of using hardlinks. This may be desirable if you are trying to make a back-up
of your repository.
--shared, -s
When the repository to clone is on the local machine,
instead of using hard links, automatically setup
.git/objects/info/alternates to share the objects with the source
repository. The resulting repository starts out without any object of its own.
NOTE: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do not use it unless
you understand what it does. If you clone your repository using this option
and then delete branches (or use any other Git command that makes any existing
commit unreferenced) in the source repository, some objects may become
unreferenced (or dangling). These objects may be removed by normal Git
operations (such as git commit) which automatically call git gc
--auto. (See git-gc(1).) If these objects are removed and were
referenced by the cloned repository, then the cloned repository will become
corrupt.
Note that running git repack without the -l option in a repository
cloned with -s will copy objects from the source repository into a pack
in the cloned repository, removing the disk space savings of clone -s.
It is safe, however, to run git gc, which uses the -l option by
default.
If you want to break the dependency of a repository cloned with -s on its
source repository, you can simply run git repack -a to copy all objects
from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
--reference[-if-able] <repository>
If the reference repository is on the local machine,
automatically setup .git/objects/info/alternates to obtain objects from
the reference repository. Using an already existing repository as an alternate
will require fewer objects to be copied from the repository being cloned,
reducing network and local storage costs. When using the
--reference-if-able, a non existing directory is skipped with a warning
instead of aborting the clone.
NOTE: see the NOTE for the --shared option, and also the
--dissociate option.
--dissociate
Borrow the objects from reference repositories specified
with the --reference options only to reduce network transfer, and stop
borrowing from them after a clone is made by making necessary local copies of
borrowed objects. This option can also be used when cloning locally from a
repository that already borrows objects from another repository—the new
repository will borrow objects from the same repository, and this option can
be used to stop the borrowing.
--quiet, -q
Operate quietly. Progress is not reported to the standard
error stream.
--verbose, -v
Run verbosely. Does not affect the reporting of progress
status to the standard error stream.
--progress
Progress status is reported on the standard error stream
by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless -q is specified. This
flag forces progress status even if the standard error stream is not directed
to a terminal.
--no-checkout, -n
No checkout of HEAD is performed after the clone is
complete.
--bare
Make a bare Git repository. That is, instead of
creating <directory> and placing the administrative files in
<directory>/.git, make the <directory> itself the
$GIT_DIR. This obviously implies the -n because there is nowhere
to check out the working tree. Also the branch heads at the remote are copied
directly to corresponding local branch heads, without mapping them to
refs/remotes/origin/. When this option is used, neither remote-tracking
branches nor the related configuration variables are created.
--mirror
Set up a mirror of the source repository. This implies
--bare. Compared to --bare, --mirror not only maps local
branches of the source to local branches of the target, it maps all refs
(including remote-tracking branches, notes etc.) and sets up a refspec
configuration such that all these refs are overwritten by a git remote
update in the target repository.
--origin <name>, -o <name>
Instead of using the remote name origin to keep
track of the upstream repository, use <name>.
--branch <name>, -b <name>
Instead of pointing the newly created HEAD to the branch
pointed to by the cloned repository’s HEAD, point to
<name> branch instead. In a non-bare repository, this is the
branch that will be checked out. --branch can also take tags and
detaches the HEAD at that commit in the resulting repository.
--upload-pack <upload-pack>, -u <upload-pack>
When given, and the repository to clone from is accessed
via ssh, this specifies a non-default path for the command run on the other
end.
--template=<template_directory>
Specify the directory from which templates will be used;
(See the "TEMPLATE DIRECTORY" section of git-init(1).)
--config <key>=<value>, -c <key>=<value>
Set a configuration variable in the newly-created
repository; this takes effect immediately after the repository is initialized,
but before the remote history is fetched or any files checked out. The key is
in the same format as expected by git-config(1) (e.g.,
core.eol=true). If multiple values are given for the same key, each
value will be written to the config file. This makes it safe, for example, to
add additional fetch refspecs to the origin remote.
--depth <depth>
Create a shallow clone with a history truncated to
the specified number of commits. Implies --single-branch unless
--no-single-branch is given to fetch the histories near the tips of all
branches. If you want to clone submodules shallowly, also pass
--shallow-submodules.
--shallow-since=<date>
Create a shallow clone with a history after the specified
time.
--shallow-exclude=<revision>
Create a shallow clone with a history, excluding commits
reachable from a specified remote branch or tag. This option can be specified
multiple times.
--[no-]single-branch
Clone only the history leading to the tip of a single
branch, either specified by the --branch option or the primary branch
remote’s HEAD points at. Further fetches into the resulting
repository will only update the remote-tracking branch for the branch this
option was used for the initial cloning. If the HEAD at the remote did not
point at any branch when --single-branch clone was made, no
remote-tracking branch is created.
--recursive, --recurse-submodules
After the clone is created, initialize all submodules
within, using their default settings. This is equivalent to running git
submodule update --init --recursive immediately after the clone is
finished. This option is ignored if the cloned repository does not have a
worktree/checkout (i.e. if any of --no-checkout/-n,
--bare, or --mirror is given)
--[no-]shallow-submodules
All submodules which are cloned will be shallow with a
depth of 1.
--separate-git-dir=<git dir>
Instead of placing the cloned repository where it is
supposed to be, place the cloned repository at the specified directory, then
make a filesystem-agnostic Git symbolic link to there. The result is Git
repository can be separated from working tree.
-j <n>, --jobs <n>
The number of submodules fetched at the same time.
Defaults to the submodule.fetchJobs option.
<repository>
The (possibly remote) repository to clone from. See the
URLS section below for more information on specifying repositories.
<directory>
The name of a new directory to clone into. The
"humanish" part of the source repository is used if no directory is
explicitly given ( repo for /path/to/repo.git and foo for
host.xz:foo/.git). Cloning into an existing directory is only allowed
if the directory is empty.
GIT URLS¶
In general, URLs contain information about the transport protocol, the address of the remote server, and the path to the repository. Depending on the transport protocol, some of this information may be absent. Git supports ssh, git, http, and https protocols (in addition, ftp, and ftps can be used for fetching, but this is inefficient and deprecated; do not use it). The native transport (i.e. git:// URL) does no authentication and should be used with caution on unsecured networks. The following syntaxes may be used with them:•ssh://[user@]host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/
•git://host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/
•http[s]://host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/
•ftp[s]://host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/
An alternative scp-like syntax may also be used with the ssh protocol:
•[user@]host.xz:path/to/repo.git/
This syntax is only recognized if there are no slashes before the first colon.
This helps differentiate a local path that contains a colon. For example the
local path foo:bar could be specified as an absolute path or
./foo:bar to avoid being misinterpreted as an ssh url.
The ssh and git protocols additionally support ~username expansion:
•ssh://[user@]host.xz[:port]/~[user]/path/to/repo.git/
•git://host.xz[:port]/~[user]/path/to/repo.git/
•[user@]host.xz:/~[user]/path/to/repo.git/
For local repositories, also supported by Git natively, the following syntaxes
may be used:
•/path/to/repo.git/
•file:///path/to/repo.git/
These two syntaxes are mostly equivalent, except the former implies --local
option.
When Git doesn’t know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it
attempts to use the remote-<transport> remote helper, if one
exists. To explicitly request a remote helper, the following syntax may be
used:
•<transport>::<address>
where <address> may be a path, a server and path, or an arbitrary URL-like
string recognized by the specific remote helper being invoked. See
gitremote-helpers(1) for details.
If there are a large number of similarly-named remote repositories and you want
to use a different format for them (such that the URLs you use will be
rewritten into URLs that work), you can create a configuration section of the
form:
[url "<actual url base>"] insteadOf = <other url base>
[url "git://git.host.xz/"] insteadOf = host.xz:/path/to/ insteadOf = work:
[url "<actual url base>"] pushInsteadOf = <other url base>
[url "ssh://example.org/"] pushInsteadOf = git://example.org/
EXAMPLES¶
•Clone from upstream:
$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux.git my-linux $ cd my-linux $ make
•Make a local clone that borrows from the current
directory, without checking things out:
$ git clone -l -s -n . ../copy $ cd ../copy $ git show-branch
•Clone from upstream while borrowing from an
existing local directory:
$ git clone --reference /git/linux.git \ git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux.git \ my-linux $ cd my-linux
•Create a bare repository to publish your changes
to the public:
$ git clone --bare -l /home/proj/.git /pub/scm/proj.git
GIT¶
Part of the git(1) suite05/15/2017 | Git 2.11.0 |