CDRSKIN(1) | General Commands Manual | CDRSKIN(1) |
NAME¶
cdrskin - burns preformatted data to CD, DVD, and BD via libburn.SYNOPSIS¶
cdrskin [options|track_source_addresses]DESCRIPTION¶
cdrskin is a program that provides some of cdrecord's options in a compatible way for CD media. With DVD and BD it has its own ways. You do not need to be superuser for its daily usage.Overview of features:¶
Blanking of CD-RW and DVD-RW.General information paragraphs:¶
Track recording modelTrack recording model:¶
The input-output entities which get processed are called tracks. A track stores a stream of bytes.Write mode selection:¶
In general there are two approaches for writing media:Recordable CD Media:¶
CD-R can be initially written only once and eventually extended until they get closed (or are spoiled because they are overly full). After that they are read-only. Closing is done automatically unless option -multi is given which keeps the media appendable.Sequentially Recordable DVD or BD Media:¶
Currently DVD-RW, DVD-R[DL], DVD+R[DL], and BD-R can be used for the Sequential recording model. It resembles the model of CD media. Only DVD-RW can be blanked and re-used from scratch.Overwriteable DVD or BD Media:¶
Currently types DVD+RW, DVD-RW, DVD-RAM and BD-RE can be overwritten via cdrskin.Drive preparation and addressing:¶
The drives, CD, DVD, or BD burners, are accessed via addresses which are specific to libburn and the operating system. Those addresses get listed by a run of cdrskin --devices or cdrskin --device_links.Emulated drives:¶
Option --allow_emulated_drives enables addressing of pseudo-drives which get emulated on top of filesystem objects. Regular data files and block devices result in pseudo-drives which behave much like DVD-RAM. If the given address does not exist yet but its directory exists, then it gets created as regular file. Other file types like character devices or pipes result in pseudo-drives which behave much like blank DVD-R. The target file address is given after prefix "stdio:".OPTIONS¶
- --help
- Show non-cdrecord compatible options.
- -help
- Show cdrecord compatible options.
- -version
- Print cdrskin id line, compatibility lure line, libburn version, cdrskin version, version timestamp, build timestamp (if available), and then exit.
- -atip
- Retrieve some info about media state. With CD-RW print "Is erasable". With DVD media print "book type:" and a media type text. With BD media print "Mounted Media:" and media type text.
- -audio
- Announces that the subsequent tracks are to be burned as audio. The source
is supposed to be uncompressed headerless PCM, 44100 Hz, 16 bit, stereo.
For little-endian byte order (which is usual on PCs) use option -swab.
Unless marked explicitly by option -data, input files with suffix
".wav" are examined wether they have a header in MS-WAVE format
confirming those parameters and eventually raw audio data get extracted
and burned as audio track. Same is done for suffix ".au" and SUN
Audio.
- blank=type
- Blank a CD-RW, DVD-RW, or format a DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM, BD. This is combinable with burning in the same run of cdrskin. The type given with blank= selects the particular behavior:
- as_needed
- Try to make the media ready for writing from scratch. If it needs
formatting, then format it. If it is not blank, then try to apply
blank=fast. It is a reason to abort if the media cannot assume thoroughly
writeable state, e.g. if it is non-blank write-once.
- The following blank types are specific to particular media familes. Use them if special features are desired.
- all
- Blank an entire CD-RW or an unformatted DVD-RW. (See also --prodvd_cli_compatible, --grow_overwriteable_iso)
- fast
- Minimally blank an entire CD-RW or blank an unformatted DVD-RW. (See also --prodvd_cli_compatible, --grow_overwriteable_iso)
- deformat_sequential
- Like blank=all but with the additional ability to blank overwriteable
DVD-RW. This will destroy their formatting and make them sequentially
recordable. Another peculiarity is the ability to blank media which appear
already blank. This is similar to option -force but does not try to blank
media other than recognizable CD-RW and DVD-RW.
- deformat_sequential_quickest
- Like blank=deformat_sequential but blanking DVD-RW only minimally. This is faster than full blanking but may yield media incapable of Incremental Streaming (-tao).
- format_if_needed
- Format a media if it is not formatted yet, and if cdrskin supports
formatting for the media type, and if formatting will not happen
automatically during write. This currently applies to unformatted DVD-RW,
DVD-RAM, BD-RE, and blank unformatted BD-R. Eventually the appropriate
default formatting is chosen. If other media or states are encountered
then nothing happens.
- format_overwrite
- Format a DVD-RW to "Restricted Overwrite". The user should bring
some patience.
- format_overwrite_quickest
- Like format_overwrite without creating a 128 MiB trailblazer session. Leads to "intermediate" state which only allows sequential write beginning from address 0. The "intermediate" state ends after the first session of writing data.
- format_overwrite_full
- For DVD-RW this is like format_overwrite but claims full media size rather
than just 128 MiB. Most traditional formatting is attempted. No data get
written. Much patience is required.
- format_defectmgt
- Format DVD-RAM or BD to reserve the default amount of spare blocks for
defect management.
- format_defectmgt_cert_off
- Disable the usual media quality certification in order to save time and
format to default size. The certification setting persists even if
subsequent blank= options override the size of the format selection.
- format_defectmgt_cert_on
- Re-enable the usual media quality certification and format to default
size. The certification setting persists like with
format_defectmgt_cert_off.
- format_defectmgt_max
- Format DVD-RAM or BD to reserve a maximum number of spare blocks.
- format_defectmgt_min
- Format DVD-RAM or BD to reserve a minimum number of spare blocks. It might be necessary to format format_defectmgt_none first in order to get offered the most minmal spare blocks sizes for format_defectmgt_min.
- format_defectmgt_none
- Format DVD-RAM or BD-RE to the largest available payload in the hope to disable defect management at all. This may or may not have a speed increasing effect. Unformatted blank BD-R will be left unformatted.
- format_defectmgt_payload_<size>
- Format DVD-RAM or BD. The text after "format_defectmgt_payload_" gives a number of bytes, eventually with suffixes "s", "k", "m". The largest number of spare blocks will be chosen which allows at least the given payload size.
- format_by_index_<number>
- Format DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM or BD. The number after "format_by_index_" is used as index to the list of available format descriptors. This list can be obtained by option --list_formats. The numbers after text "Format idx" are the ones to be used with format_by_index_. Format descriptor lists are volatile. Do neither eject nor write the media between the run of --list_formats and the run of blank=format_by_index_ or else you may get a different format than desired.
- help
- Print this list of blanking types.
- -checkdrive
- Retrieve some info about the addressed drive and then exit. Exits with non-zero value if the drive cannot be found and opened.
- -copy
- Create the subsequent tracks with permission for an unlimited number of copies.
- cuefile=path
- Read a session description from a cue sheet file in CDRWIN format. Base
the tracks on a single file which is given in the sheet by command FILE.
To enable CD-TEXT from the cue sheet file, cdrskin option -text has to be
present.
- -dao
- Alias for option -sao. Write CD in Session at Once mode or DVD-R[W] in Disc-at-once mode.
- -data
- Subsequent tracks are data tracks. This option is default and only needed
to mark the end of the range of an eventual option -audio or -xa1.
- dev=target
- Set the address of the drive to use. Valid are at least the addresses
listed with options --devices or --device_links, X,Y,Z addresses listed
with option -scanbus, ATA:X,Y,Z addresses listed with options dev=ATA
-scanbus, and volatile libburn drive numbers (numbering starts at
"0"). Other device file addresses which lead to the same drive
might work too.
- driveropts=opt
- Set "driveropts=noburnfree" to disable the drive's eventual protection mechanism against temporary lack of source data (i.e. buffer underrun). A drive that announces no such capabilities will not get them enabled anyway, even if attempted explicitly via "driveropts=burnfree".
- -dummy
- Try to perform the drive operations without actually affecting the inserted media. There is no warranty that this will work with a particular combination of drive, media, and write mode. Blanking is prevented reliably, though. To avoid inadverted real burning, -dummy refuses burn runs on anything but CD-R[W], DVD-R[W], or emulated stdio-drives.
- -eject
- Eject the disc after work is done.
- -force
- Assume that the user knows better in situations when cdrskin or libburn
are insecure about drive or media state. This includes the attempt to
blank media which are classified as unknown or unsuitable, and the attempt
to use write modes which libburn believes they are not supported by the
drive.
- -format
- Same as blank=format_overwrite_full -force but restricted to DVD+RW.
- fs=size
- Set the fifo size to the given value. The value may have appended letters
which multiply the preceding number:
- gracetime=seconds
- Set the grace time before starting to write. (Default is 0)
- -immed
- Equivalent to:
- index=list
- Set a comma separated list of index start address numbers for the next
track. This applies to CD SAO sessions only.
Sector = ((Min*60)+Sec)*75+Frame
- -inq
- Print the identification of the drive and then exit.
- -isosize
- The next track following this option will try to obtain its source size
from the header information out of the first few blocks of the source
data. If these blocks indicate an ISO-9660 filesystem then its declared
size will be used under the assumption that it is a single session
filesystem.
- isrc=text
- Set the ISRC for the next track source to the given text, which must be
exactly 13 characters long. It must comply to the format CCOOOYYSSSSS.
- -load
- Load the media and exit. Exit value is 0 if any kind of media was found, non zero else. Note: Option -eject will unload the media even if -load is given.
- -lock
- Like option -load but leave the drive's eject button disabled if there is
any media found and not option -eject is given.
- mcn=text
- Set the CD Media Catalog Number to text, which must be exactly 13
characters long and should consist of decimal digits.
- minbuf=percentage
- Equivalent to:
- -minfo
- Print information about the loaded media. This includes media type, writability state, and a quite readable table of content.
- msifile=path
- Run option -msinfo and copy the result line into the file given by path.
Unlike -msinfo this option does not redirect all normal output away from
standard output. But it may be combined with -msinfo to achieve this.
- -msinfo
- Retrieve multi-session info for preparing a follow-up session by option -C
of programs mkisofs, genisoimage, or xorriso -as mkisofs. Print result to
standard output. This option redirects to stderr all message output except
the one of option --tell_media_space and its own result string, which
consists of two numbers. The result string shall be used as argument of
option -C with said programs. It gives the start address of the most
recent session and the predicted start address of the next session to be
appended. The string is empty if the most recent session was not written
with option -multi.
- -multi
- This option keeps CD, unformatted DVD-R[W], DVD+R, or BD-R appendable
after the current session has been written. Without it the disc gets
closed and may not be written any more - unless it is a -RW and gets
blanked which causes loss of its content.
- -nocopy
- Create subsequent tracks with permission for a single level of copies. I.e. those copies would then be marked by -scms as offering no permission for further copies.
- -nopad
- Do not add trailing zeros to the data stream. Nevertheless, since there seems to be no use for audio tracks with incomplete last sector, this option applies only to data tracks. There it is default.
- -nopreemp
- Indicate for subsequent tracks that they were mastered without pre-emphasis.
- -pad
- Add 30 kiB of trailing zeros to each data track. (This is not sufficient to avoid problems with various CD-ROM read drivers.)
- padsize=size
- Add the given amount of trailing zeros to the next data track. This option gets reset to padsize=0 after that next track is written. It may be set again before the next track argument. About size specifiers, see option fs=.
- -preemp
- Indicate for subsequent tracks that they were mastered with pre-emphasis.
- -sao
- Write CD in Session At Once mode or sequential DVD-R[W] in Disc-at-once
(DAO) mode.
- -scanbus
- Scan the system for drives. On Linux the drives at /dev/s* and at /dev/hd*
are to be scanned by two separate runs. One without dev= for /dev/s* and
one with dev=ATA for /dev/hd* devices. (Option --drives lists all
available drives in a single run.)
- -scms
- Create subsequent tracks without permission for being copied. This is
usually done for tracks which are copies of tracks that were marked with
-nocopy (but not yet with -scms). So copies of copies are prohibited.
- speed=number
- Set speed of drive. With data CD, 1x speed corresponds to a throughput of
150,000 bytes/second. With DVD, 1x = 1,385,000 bytes/second. With BD 1x =
4,495,625 bytes/second. It is not an error to set a speed higher than is
suitable for drive and media. One should stay within a realistic speed
range, though. Special speed settings are:
- -swab
- Announce that the raw audio data source of subsequent tracks is byte swapped versus the expectations of cdrecord. This option is suitable for audio where the least significant byte of a 16 bit word is first (little-endian, Intel). Most raw audio data on PC systems are available in this byte order. Less guesswork is needed if track sources are in format MS-WAVE in a file with suffix ".wav".
- -tao
- Write CD in Track At Once (TAO) mode, sequential DVD-R[W] in Incremental
Streaming mode, or DVD+R[/DL] without traditional -sao restrictions. This
mode also applies pro-forma to overwriteable media
- -text
- Enable writing of CD-TEXT attributes read by option cuefile=. Without option -text, cue sheet file command CDTEXTFILE will be ignored and no CD-TEXT attributes will be read from the file. Nevertheless, CATALOG and ISRC will have the same effect as options mcn= and isrc=.
- textfile=path
- Read CD-TEXT packs from the file depicted by path and put them into the
Lead-in of the emerging session. This session has to be done by Session At
Once (SAO) mode and may only contain audio tracks.
- -toc
- Print the table of content (TOC) which describes the tracks recorded on
disc. The output contains all info from option -atip plus lines which
begin with "track:", the track number, the word "lba:"
and a number which gives the start address of the track. Addresses are
counted in CD sectors which with SAO or TAO data tracks hold 2048 bytes
each.
- Example. Retrieve an afio archive from track number 2:
-
- tsize=size
- Announces the exact size of the next track source. This is necessary with
any write mode other than -tao if the track source is not a regular disk
file, but e.g. "-" (standard input) or a named pipe. About size
specifiers, see option fs=.
- -v
- Increment verbosity level by one. Startlevel is 0 with only few messages. Level 1 prints progress report with long running operations and also causes some extra lines to be put out with info retrieval options. Level 2 additionally reports about option settings derived from arguments or startup files. Level 3 is for debugging and useful mainly in conjunction with somebody who had a look into the program sourcecode.
- -V
- Enable logging of SCSI commands to stderr. This allows expert examination of the interaction between libburn and the drive. The commands are specified in SCSI-3 standards SPC, SBC, MMC.
- -waiti
- Wait until input data is available at stdin or EOF occurs at stdin. Only
then begin to access any drives.
- --adjust_speed_to_drive
- Curb explicitly given speed= values to the maximum which is announced by the drive for the loaded media. By default, such an adjustment is only made with pseudo-speeds 0 and -1 whereas speed settings > 0 are sent unchanged to the drive which will then choose an appropriate speed on its own.
- --allow_emulated_drives
- Enable drive addresses of the form dev=stdio:<path>. See above, paragraph "Drive preparation and addressing".
- --allow_setuid
- Disable the loud warning about insecure discrepance between login user and effective user which indicates application of chmod u+s to the program binary. One should not do this chmod u+s , but it is an old cdrecord tradition.
- --any_track
- Allow source_addresses to begin with "-" (plus further characters) or to contain a "=" character. By default such arguments are seen as misspelled options. It is nevertheless not possible to use one of the options listed with --list_ignored_options.
- assert_write_lba=block_number|byte_address
- Abort if the write address given with this option is not the same as
predicted immediately before the write session starts. This option can
ensure that a start address which was presumed by a formatter like mkisofs
-C is really used by the drive for writing. assert_write_lba=0 effectively
demands blank media and excludes appendables.
- cd_start_tno=number
- Set the number which shall be written as CD track number with the first
track of the session. The following tracks will then get written with
consecutive CD track numbers. The resulting number of the last track must
not exceed 99. The lowest possible start number is 1, which is also the
default.
- cdtext_to_textfile=path
- Extract the CD-TEXT packs from the lead-in of an audio CD and write them
to the file with the given path. If CD-TEXT can be retrieved, then this
file will be suitable for option textfile=.
- cdtext_to_v07t=path
- Extract the CD-TEXT packs from the lead-in of an audio CD and write them
as human readable Sony Input Sheet Version 0.7T to the file with the given
path. If CD-TEXT can be retrieved, then this file will be suitable for
option input_sheet_v07t=.
- --demand_a_drive
- Exit with a nonzero value if no drive can be found during a bus scan.
- --devices
- List the device file addresses of all accessible CD drives. In order to
get listed, a drive has to offer rw-permission for the cdrskin user and it
may not be busy. The superuser should be able to see all idle drives
listed and busy drives reported as "SORRY" messages.
- --device_links
- Like --devices, but presenting the drives with addresses of symbolic links
which point to the actual device files.
- direct_write_amount=size
- Do not write a session with tracks but rather make an appropriate number
of direct write operations with no preparations. Flushing the drive buffer
will be the only finalization. It is advised to eject the media afterwards
because the write operations circumvent the usual system i/o with its
caches and buffers. By ejecting, those invalid memory copies get surely
discarded.
- dvd_obs=default|32k|64k
- Set the number of bytes to be transmitted with each write operation to DVD or BD media. With most write types, tracks get padded up to the next multiple of this write size (see option --obs_pad). A number of 64 KB may improve throughput with systems which show latency problems. The default depends on media type, option stream_recording=, and on compile time options.
- extract_audio_to=directory_path
- Extract tracks from an audio CD as separate WAVE audio files into the
given directory. This directory has to already exist, but none of the
track files may exist. This option will rather fail than overwrite an
existing file.
- extract_basename=name
- Set a filename which shall be used by extract_audio_to= instead of the default name "track".
- --extract_dap
- Enable Digital Audio Play flaw obscuring mechanisms like audio data mute and interpolate.
- extract_tracks=number[,number[,...]]
- Set a list of track numbers to define which tracks shall be extracted by
extract_audio_to=. If no extract_tracks= is given, then all audio tracks
get extracted. It is permissible to have more than one extract_tracks=
option in order to split a long list into shorter pieces.
- fallback_program=command
- Set a command name to be executed if cdrskin encounters a known cdrecord
option which it does not yet support. If a non-empty command is given with
fallback_program=, and if no essential options are given which are
specific to cdrskin, then cdrskin will delegate the job to said command.
- --four_channel
- Indicate for subsequent tracks that they were mastered with four channels.
- fifo_start_at=size
- Do not wait for full fifo but start burning as soon as the given number of bytes is read. This option may be helpful to bring the average throughput near to the maximum throughput of a drive. A large fs= and a small fifo_start_at= combine a quick burn start and a large savings buffer to compensate for temporary lack of source data. At the beginning of burning, the software protection against buffer underun is as weak as the size of fifo_start_at= . So it is best if the drive offers hardware protection which is enabled automatically if not driveropts=noburnfree is given.
- --grow_overwriteable_iso
- Enable emulation of multi-session writing on overwriteable media which
contain an ISO-9660 filesystem. This emulation is learned from growisofs
-M but adapted to the usage model of
- input_sheet_v07t=path
- Read CD-TEXT definitions from a Sony Input Sheet version 0.7T. Up to eight
or seven such sheets can be read by multiple input_sheet_v07t= options.
Each will define one CD-TEXT language block.
Input Sheet Version = 0.7T
purpose specifier [whitespace] = [whitespace] content text
Purpose specifier | Content example
-------------------------------------------------------------
Text Code = 8859
Language Code = English
Album Title = Joyful Nights
Artist Name = United Cat Orchestra
Songwriter = Various Songwriters
Composer = Various Composers
Arranger = Tom Cat
Album Message = For all our fans
Catalog Number = 1234567890
Genre Code = Classical
Genre Information = Feline classic music
Closed Information = This is not to be shown by CD players
UPC / EAN = 1234567890123
Text Data Copy Protection = OFF
First Track Number = 1
Last Track Number = 3
Purpose specifier | Content example
-------------------------------------------------------------
Track 01 Title = Song of Joy
Track 01 Artist = Felix and The Purrs
Track 01 Songwriter = Friedrich Schiller
Track 01 Composer = Ludwig van Beethoven
Track 01 Arranger = Tom Cat
Track 01 Message = Fritz and Louie once were punks
ISRC 01 = XYCRR1101234
- --list_formats
- List the available format descriptors as reported by the drive for the
loaded media. Each descriptor line begins with "Format idx" and
the descriptor's list index, followed by a ":", the format type,
the number of payload blocks and that same number converted to MiB.
- --list_ignored_options
- List all ignored cdrecord options. The "-" options cannot be used as addresses of track sources. No track source address may begin with a text equal to an option which ends by "=". The list is ended by an empty line.
- --list_speeds
- Put out a list of speed values as reported by the output drive with the
loaded medium. This does not necessarily mean that the medium is writable
or that these speeds are actually achievable. Especially the lists
reported with empty drive or with ROM media obviously advertise speeds for
other media.
- --long_toc
- Like option -toc but marking each session start by a line "first: X last: Y" and each session end by "track:lout ...".
- --no_load
- When aquiring the optical drive, do not try to load its tray. This yields the same behavior for desktop drives with tray loader as is shown by laptop drives which usually lack a motorized tray loader.
- --no_rc
- Only if used as first command line argument this option prevents reading and interpretation of eventual startup files. See section FILES below.
- --pacifier_with_newline
- Adds a newline character to each pacifier line that would elsewise be overwritten by the next pacifier line. Such lines are emitted during a run of writing, formatting, or blanking if option -v is given.
- --prodvd_cli_compatible
- Activates behavior modifications with some DVD situations which bring
cdrskin nearer to the behavior of cdrecord-ProDVD:
- --single_track
- Accept only the last argument of the command line as track source address.
- stdio_sync=on|off|number
- Set the number of bytes after which to force output to drives with prefix "stdio:". This forcing keeps the memory from being clogged with lots of pending data for slow devices. Default "on" is the same as "16m". Forced output can be disabled by "off".
- stream_recording=on|off|number
- By setting "on" request that compliance to the desired speed
setting is preferred over management of write errors. With DVD-RAM and BD
this can bring effective write speed near to the nominal write speed of
the media. But it will also disable the automatic use of replacement
blocks if write errors occur. It might as well be disliked or ignored by
the drive.
- tao_to_sao_tsize=size
- Set an exact fixed size for the next track to be in effect only if the
track source cannot deliver a size prediction and no tsize= was specified
and an exact track size prediction is demanded by the write mode.
- --tell_media_space
- Prepare a recording session, do not perform it but rather inquire the
maximum number of 2048 byte data blocks which may be written in the
current state of media with the prepared setup. So this option disables
recording of data. It does allow blanking, though, and will measure space
afterwards.
- textfile_to_v07t=path
- Read a CD-TEXT pack file (e.g. cdtext.dat from a run with -v -v -toc) and
print its content in the human readable format that is described with
option input_sheet_v07t=.
cdrskin textfile_to_v07t=cdtext.dat | grep -v '^cdrskin'
- --two_channel
- Indicate for subsequent tracks that they were mastered with two channels.
- write_start_address=byte_offset
- Set the address on media where to start writing the track. With DVD+RW,
DVD-RAM or BD-RE byte_offset must be aligned to 2 kiB blocks, but better
is 32 kiB. With DVD-RW 32 kiB alignment is mandatory.
- --abort_handler
- Establish default signal handling not to leave a drive in busy state but rather to shut it down and to wait until it has ended the final operations. This option is only needed for revoking eventual --ignore_signals or --no_abort_handler.
- --allow_untested_media
- Enable the use of media profiles which have been implemented but not yet
tested. Currently this option is without effect because no media types are
under test reservation.
- --cdtext_dummy
- Prepare a burn run, report the effective array of CD-TEXT packs to stdout,
and then end the program run without starting to burn the session. A blank
CD-R or CD-RW has to be present in the drive, nevertheless.
- --cdtext_verbose
- Like --cdtext_dummy but without preventing the burn run. Combinable with option -dummy to exercise a CD burn run with no persistent impact on the medium.
- dev_translation=<sep><from><sep><to>
- Set drive address alias. This was necessary before cdrskin-0.2.4 to
manually translate cdrecord addresses into cdrskin addresses.
- --drive_abort_on_busy
- Linux specific: Abort process if a busy drive is encountered.
- --drive_blocking
- Linux specific: Try to wait for a busy drive to become free. This is not guaranteed to work with all drivers. Some need nonblocking i/o.
- --drive_f_setlk
- Linux specific: Try to get exclusive lock on drive device file via fcntl(2).
- --drive_not_exclusive
- Linux specific: Combine --drive_not_f_setlk and --drive_not_o_excl.
- --drive_not_f_setlk
- Linux specific: Do not try to get exclusive lock on drive device file via fcntl(2).
- --drive_not_o_excl
- Linux specific: Do not ask the operating system to prevent opening busy drives. Wether this leads to senseful behavior depends on operating system and kernel.
- drive_scsi_dev_family=sr|scd|sg
- Linux specific: Select a SCSI device file family to be scanned for by
options --devices, --device_links and -scanbus. Normally this is /dev/sgN
on kernel versions < 2.6 and /dev/srN on kernels >= 2.6 . This
option allows to explicitly override that default in order to meet other
programs at a common device file for each drive. On kernel 2.4 families sr
and scd will find no drives.
- --drive_scsi_exclusive
- Linux specific: Try to exclusively reserve device files /dev/srN, /dev/scdM, /dev/sgK of drives. This would be helpful to protect against collisions with program growisofs. Regrettably on Linux kernel 2.4 with ide-scsi emulation this seems not to work. Wether it becomes helpful with new Linux systems has to be evaluated.
- --fifo_disable
- Disable fifo despite any fs=.
- --fifo_per_track
- Use a separate fifo for each track.
- --fill_up_media
- Expand the last track of the session to occupy all remaining free space on
the media.
- grab_drive_and_wait=seconds
- Open the addressed drive, wait the given number of seconds, release the drive, and do normal work as indicated by the other options used. This option helps to explore the program behavior when faced with busy drives. Just start a second cdrskin with option --devices while grab_drive_and_wait= is still active.
- --ignore_signals
- Try to ignore any signals rather than to abort the program. This is not a very good idea. You might end up waiting a very long time for cdrskin to finish.
- modesty_on_drive=<mode>[:min_percent=<num>][:max_percent=<num>]
- Mode 1 keeps the program from trying to write to the burner drive while
its buffer is in danger to be filled by more than max_percent. If this
filling is exceeded then the program will wait until the filling is at
most min_percent.
- --no_abort_handler
- On signals exit even if the drive is in busy state. This is not a very good idea. You might end up with a stuck drive that refuses to hand out the media.
- --no_blank_appendable
- Refuse to blank appendable CD-RW or DVD-RW. This is a feature that was once builtin with libburn. No information available for what use case it was needed.
- --no_convert_fs_adr
- Do only literal translations of dev=. This prevents cdrskin from
test-opening device files in order to find one that matches the given dev=
specifier.
- --obs_pad
- Pad the data of last write operation of a DVD-R[W] DAO session or stdio:
pseudo-drive up to the full size of an output chunk. This padding has to
be applied automatically to the other DVD and BD media types, where it
causes e.g. ISO images to have trailing unclaimed blocks.
- --old_pseudo_scsi_adr
- Linux specific: Use and report literal Bus,Target,Lun addresses rather than real SCSI and pseudo ATA addresses. This method is outdated and was never compatible with original cdrecord.
- sao_postgap=off|number
- Define whether a post-gap shall be written at the end of the track and how
many sectors this gap shall have. A post-gap occupies the range of an
additional index of the track. It contains zeros. No bytes from the track
source will be read for writing the post-gap.
- sao_pregap=off|number
- Define whether a pre-gap shall be written before the track and how many
sectors this pre-gap shall have. A pre-gap is written in the range of
track index 0 and contains zeros resp. silence. No bytes from the track
source will be read for writing the pre-gap.
- --xa1-ignore
- Silently interpret option -xa1 as -data. This may be necessary if a frontent does not prepare -xa1 block headers but insists in using option -xa1.
EXAMPLES¶
Get an overview of drives and their addresses:¶
cdrskin -scanbusGet info about a particular drive or loaded media:¶
cdrskin dev=0,1,0 -checkdrivePrepare CD-RW or DVD-RW for re-use, DVD-RAM or BD-RE for first use:¶
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sg1 blank=as_needed -ejectFormat DVD-RW to avoid need for blanking before re-use:¶
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=format_overwriteDe-format DVD-RW to make it capable of multi-session again:¶
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=deformat_sequentialWrite ISO-9660 filesystem image as only one to blank or formatted media:¶
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/hdc speed=12 fs=8m \blank=as_needed -eject padsize=300k my_image.iso
Write compressed afio archive on-the-fly (not possible with minimally blanked DVD-RW or DVD-R DL):¶
find . | afio -oZ - | \blank=as_needed padsize=300k -
Write multi-session to the same CD, DVD-R[W], DVD+R[/DL], or BD-R:¶
cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 -v padsize=300k -multi 1.isoGet multi-session info for option -C of program mkisofs:¶
c_values=$(cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -msinfo 2>/dev/null)Inquire free space on media for a -multi run:¶
x=$(cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 -multi \--tell_media_space 2>/dev/null)
Write audio tracks and CD-TEXT to CD:¶
cdrskin -v dev=ATA:1,0,0 speed=48 -sao \input_sheet_v07t=cdtext.v07t \
track1.wav track2.au -audio -swab track3.raw
Extract audio tracks and CD-TEXT from CD into directory /home/me/my_cd:¶
mkdir /home/me/my_cdcdtext_to_v07t=/home/me/my_cd/cdtext.v07t
FILES¶
Startup files:¶
If not --no_rc is given as the first argument then cdrskin attempts on startup to read the arguments from the following files: /etc/default/cdrskinDisabling superuser safety precautions:¶
The superuser is normally banned from using any other emulated drive but /dev/null. This ban can be lifted by the existence of file /root/cdrskin_permissions/allow_emulated_drives where the directory must be owned by the superuser and must not offer w-permissions for group or others.SEE ALSO¶
- Formatting data track sources for cdrskin:
-
- Other CD/DVD/BD burn programs:
-
- For DVD/BD burning (also tutor of libburn's DVD/BD capabilities):
-
AUTHOR¶
cdrskin was written by Thomas Schmitt <scdbackup@gmx.net>. This manual page was started by George Danchev <danchev@spnet.net> and is now maintained by Thomas Schmitt.Version 1.3.2, Aug 07, 2013 |