table of contents
FORMAIL(1) | General Commands Manual | FORMAIL(1) |
formail - mail (re)formatter
formail [+skip] [-total]
[-bczfrktedqBY] [-p prefix] [-D maxlen
idcache] [-l folder] [-x headerfield]
[-X headerfield] [-a headerfield] [-A
headerfield] [-i headerfield] [-I
headerfield] [-u headerfield] [-U
headerfield] [-R oldfield newfield] [-n
[maxprocs ]] [-m minfields] [-s [command
[arg ...]]]
formail -v
formail is a filter that can be used to force mail into mailbox format,
perform `From ' escaping, generate auto-replying headers, do simple header
munging/extracting or split up a mailbox/digest/articles file. The
mail/mailbox/article contents will be expected on stdin.
If formail is supposed to determine the sender of the mail, but is unable to
find any, it will substitute `foo@bar'.
If formail is started without any command line options, it will force any mail
coming from stdin into mailbox format and will escape all bogus `From '
lines with a `>'.
-v Formail will print its version number and exit.
-b Don't escape any bogus mailbox headers (i.e., lines starting with
`From ').
-p prefix Define a different quotation prefix. If unspecified it
defaults to `>'.
-Y Assume traditional Berkeley mailbox format, ignoring any
Content-Length: fields.
-c Concatenate continued fields in the header. Might be convenient when
postprocessing mail with standard (line oriented) text utilities.
-z Ensure a whitespace exists between field name and content. Zap fields
which contain only a single whitespace character. Zap leading and trailing
whitespace on fields extracted with -x.
-f Force formail to simply pass along any non-mailbox format (i.e., don't
generate a `From ' line as the first line).
-r Generate an auto-reply header. This will normally throw away all the
existing fields (except X-Loop:) in the original message, fields you wish to
preserve need to be named using the -i option. If you use this option
in conjunction with -k, you can prevent the body from being `escaped'
by also specifying -b.
-k When generating the auto-reply header or when extracting fields, keep
the body as well.
-t Trust the sender to have used a valid return address in his header.
This causes formail to select the header sender instead of the
envelope sender for the reply. This option should be used when
generating auto-reply headers from news articles or when the sender of the
message is expecting a reply.
-s The input will be split up into separate mail messages, and piped into
a program one by one (a new program is started for every part). -s has
to be the last option specified, the first argument following it is expected
to be the name of a program, any other arguments will be passed along to it.
If you omit the program, then formail will simply concatenate the split mails
on stdout again. See FILENO.
-n [maxprocs] Tell formail not to wait for every program to finish
before starting the next (causes splits to be processed in parallel).
Maxprocs optionally specifies an upper limit on the number of
concurrently running processes.
-e Do not require empty lines to be preceding the header of a new message
(i.e., the messages could start on every line).
-d Tell formail that the messages it is supposed to split need not be in
strict mailbox format (i.e., allows you to split digests/articles or
non-standard mailbox formats). This disables recognition of the
Content-Length: field.
-l folder Generate a log summary in the same style as procmail. This
includes the entire "From " line, the Subject: header field, the
folder, and the size of the message in bytes. The mailstat command can be used
to summarize logs in this format.
-B Makes formail assume that it is splitting up a BABYL rmail file.
-m minfields Allows you to specify the number of consecutive
headerfields formail needs to find before it decides it found the start of a
new message, it defaults to 2.
-q Tells formail to (still detect but) be quiet about write errors,
duplicate messages and mismatched Content-Length: fields. This option
is on by default, to make it display the messages use -q-.
-D maxlen idcache Formail will detect if the Message-ID of the
current message has already been seen using an idcache file of
approximately maxlen size. If not splitting, it will return success if
a duplicate has been found. If splitting, it will not output duplicate
messages. If used in conjunction with -r, formail will look at the
mail address of the envelope sender instead at the Message-ID.
-x headerfield Extract the contents of this headerfield
from the header. Line continuations will be left intact; if you want the value
on a single line then you'll also need the -c option.
-X headerfield Same as -x, but also preserves/includes the
field name.
-a headerfield Append a custom headerfield onto the header;
but only if a similar field does not exist yet. If you specify either one of
the field names Message-ID: or Resent-Message-ID: with no field
contents, then formail will generate a unique message-ID for you.
-A headerfield Append a custom headerfield onto the header
in any case.
-i headerfield Same as -A, except that any existing similar
fields are renamed by prepending an ``Old-'' prefix. If headerfield
consists only of a field-name, it will not be appended.
-I headerfield Same as -i, except that any existing similar
fields are simply removed. If headerfield consists only of a
field-name, it effectively deletes the field.
-u headerfield Make the first occurrence of this field unique, and
thus delete all subsequent occurrences of it.
-U headerfield Make the last occurrence of this field unique, and
thus delete all preceding occurrences of it.
-R oldfield newfield Renames all occurrences of the fieldname
oldfield into newfield.
+skip Skip the first skip messages while splitting.
-total Output at most total messages while splitting.
When renaming, removing, or extracting fields, partial fieldnames may be used to
specify all fields that start with the specified value.
By default, when generating an auto-reply header procmail selects the envelope
sender from the input message. This is correct for vacation messages and other
automatic replies regarding the routing or delivery of the original message.
If the sender is expecting a reply or the reply is being generated in response
to the contents of the original message then the -t option should be used.
RFC822, the original standard governing the format of Internet mail
messages, did not specify whether Resent header fields (those that begin with
`Resent-', such as `Resent-From:') should be considered when generating a
reply. Since then, the recommended usage of the Resent headers has evolved to
consider them as purely informational and not for use when generating a reply.
This has been codified in RFC2822, the new Internet Message Format
standard, which states in part:
FILENO While splitting, formail assigns the message number currently
being output to this variable. By presetting FILENO, you can change the
initial message number being used and the width of the zero-padded output. If
FILENO is unset it will default to 000. If FILENO is non-empty and does not
contain a number, FILENO generation is disabled.
To split up a digest one usually uses:
mail(1), sendmail(8), procmail(1), sed(1),
sh(1), RFC822, RFC2822, RFC1123
Can't fork Too many processes on this machine.
Content-Length: field exceeds actual length by nnn bytes The Content-Length:
field in the header specified a length that was longer than the actual body.
This causes this message to absorb a number of subsequent messages following
it in the same mailbox.
Couldn't write to stdout The program that formail was trying to pipe into didn't
accept all the data formail sent to it; this diagnostic can be suppressed by
the -q option.
Duplicate key found: x The Message-ID or sender x in this message was found in
the idcache; this diagnostic can be suppressed by the -q option.
Failed to execute "x" Program not in path, or not executable.
File table full Too many open files on this machine.
Invalid field-name: "x" The specified field-name "x"
contains control characters, or cannot be a partial field-name for this
option.
You can save yourself and others a lot of grief if you try to avoid using this
autoreply feature on mails coming through mailinglists. Depending on the
format of the incoming mail (which in turn depends on both the original
sender's mail agent and the mailinglist setup) formail could decide to
generate an autoreply header that replies to the list.
In the tradition of UN*X utilities, formail will do exactly what you ask it to,
even if it results in a non-RFC822 compliant message. In particular,
formail will let you generate header fields whose name ends in a space instead
of a colon. While this is correct for the leading `From ' line, that line is
not a header field so much as the message separator for the mbox mailbox
format. Multiple occurrences of such a line or any other colonless header
field will be considered by many mail programs, including formail itself, as
the beginning of a new message. Others will consider the message to be
corrupt. Because of this, you should not use the -i option with the
`From ' line as the resulting renamed line, `Old-From ', will probably not do
what you want it to. If you want to save the original `From ' line, rename it
with the -R option to a legal header field such as `X-From_:'.
When formail has to generate a leading `From ' line it normally will contain the
current date. If formail is given the option `-a Date:', it will use the date
from the `Date:' field in the header (if present). However, since formail
copies it verbatim, the format will differ from that expected by most mail
readers.
If formail is instructed to delete or rename the leading `From ' line, it will
not automatically regenerate it as usual. To force formail to regenerate it in
this case, include -a 'From '.
If formail is not called as the first program in a pipe and it is told to split
up the input in several messages, then formail will not terminate until the
program it receives the input from closes its output or terminates itself.
If formail is instructed to generate an autoreply mail, it will never put
more than one address in the `To:' field.
Formail is eight-bit clean.
When formail has to determine the sender's address, every RFC822
conforming mail address is allowed. Formail will always strip down the address
to its minimal form (deleting excessive comments and whitespace).
The regular expression that is used to find `real' postmarks is:
Calling up formail with the -h or -? options will cause it to display a
command-line help page. This program is part of the procmail
mail-processing-package (v3.22) available at http://www.procmail.org/ or
ftp.procmail.org in pub/procmail/. There exists a mailinglist for
questions relating to any program in the procmail package:
If you would like to stay informed about new versions and official patches send a subscription request to
Stephen R. van den Berg
- Resent fields are used to identify a message as having been reintroduced into the transport system by a user. The purpose of using resent fields is to have the message appear to the final recipient as if it were sent directly by the original sender, with all of the original fields remaining the same....They MUST NOT be used in the normal processing of replies or other such automatic actions on messages.
formail +1 -ds >>the_mailbox_of_your_choiceor
formail +1 -ds procmailTo remove all Received: fields from the header:
formail -I Received:To remove all fields except From: and Subject: from the header:
formail -k -X From: -X Subject:To supersede the Reply-To: field in a header you could use:
formail -i "Reply-To: foo@bar"To convert a non-standard mailbox file into a standard mailbox file you can use:
formail -ds <old_mailbox >>new_mailboxOr, if you have a very tolerant mailer:
formail -a Date: -ds <old_mailbox >>new_mailboxTo extract the header from a message:
formail -X ""or
sed -e '/^$/ q'To extract the body from a message:
formail -I ""or
sed -e '1,/^$/ d'
"\n\nFrom [\t ]*[^\t\n ]+[\t ]+[^\n\t ]"If a Content-Length: field is found in a header, formail will copy the number of specified bytes in the body verbatim before resuming the regular scanning for message boundaries (except when splitting digests or Berkeley mailbox format is assumed). Any header lines immediately following the leading `From ' line that start with `>From ' are considered to be a continuation of the `From ' line. If instructed to rename the `From ' line, formail will change each leading `>' into a space, thereby transforming those lines into normal RFC822 continuations.
<procmail-users@procmail.org> for submitting questions/answers.<procmail-users-request@procmail.org>
for subscription requests.
If you would like to stay informed about new versions and official patches send a subscription request to
procmail-announce-request@procmail.org(this is a readonly list).
<srb@cuci.nl>Philip A. Guenther
<guenther@sendmail.com>
2001/08/04 | BuGless |