NAME¶
I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
SYNOPSIS¶
use I18N::LangTags::List;
print "Parlez-vous... ", join(', ',
I18N::LangTags::List::name('elx') || 'unknown_language',
I18N::LangTags::List::name('ar-Kw') || 'unknown_language',
I18N::LangTags::List::name('en') || 'unknown_language',
I18N::LangTags::List::name('en-CA') || 'unknown_language',
), "?\n";
prints:
Parlez-vous... Elamite, Kuwait Arabic, English, Canadian English?
DESCRIPTION¶
This module provides a function "I18N::LangTags::List::name(
langtag
) " that takes a language tag (see I18N::LangTags) and returns the best
attempt at an English name for it, or undef if it can't make sense of the tag.
The function I18N::LangTags::List::name(...) is not exported.
This module also provides a function "I18N::LangTags::List::is_decent(
langtag )" that returns true iff the language tag is syntactically
valid and is for general use (like "fr" or "fr-ca",
below). That is, it returns false for tags that are syntactically invalid and
for tags, like "aus", that are listed in brackets below. This
function is not exported.
The map of tags-to-names that it uses is accessible as
%I18N::LangTags::List::Name, and it's the same as the list that follows in
this documentation, which should be useful to you even if you don't use this
module.
Internet language tags, as defined in RFC 3066, are a formalism for denoting
human languages. The two-letter ISO 639-1 language codes are well known (as
"en" for English), as are their forms when qualified by a country
code ("en-US"). Less well-known are the arbitrary-length non-ISO
codes (like "i-mingo"), and the recently (in 2001) introduced
three-letter ISO-639-2 codes.
Remember these important facts:
- •
- Language tags are not locale IDs. A locale ID is written
with a "_" instead of a "-", (almost?) always matches
"m/^\w\w_\w\w\b/", and means something different than a
language tag. A language tag denotes a language. A locale ID denotes a
language as used in a particular place, in combination with
non-linguistic location-specific information such as what currency is used
there. Locales also often denote character set information, as in
"en_US.ISO8859-1".
- •
- Language tags are not for computer languages.
- •
- "Dialect" is not a useful term, since there is no
objective criterion for establishing when two language-forms are dialects
of eachother, or are separate languages.
- •
- Language tags are not case-sensitive. en-US, en-us, En-Us,
etc., are all the same tag, and denote the same language.
- •
- Not every language tag really refers to a single language.
Some language tags refer to conditions: i-default (system-message text in
English plus maybe other languages), und (undetermined language). Others
(notably lots of the three-letter codes) are bibliographic tags that
classify whole groups of languages, as with cus "Cushitic
(Other)" (i.e., a language that has been classed as Cushtic, but
which has no more specific code) or the even less linguistically coherent
sai for "South American Indian (Other)". Though useful in
bibliography, SUCH TAGS ARE NOT FOR GENERAL USE. For further
guidance, email me.
- •
- Language tags are not country codes. In fact, they are
often distinct codes, as with language tag ja for Japanese, and ISO 3166
country code ".jp" for Japan.
LIST OF LANGUAGES¶
The first part of each item is the language tag, between {...}. It is followed
by an English name for the language or language-group. Language tags that I
judge to be not for general use, are bracketed.
This list is in alphabetical order by English name of the language.
- {ab} : Abkhazian
- eq Abkhaz
- {ace} : Achinese
- {ach} : Acoli
- {ada} : Adangme
- {ady} : Adyghe
- eq Adygei
- {aa} : Afar
- {afh} : Afrihili
- (Artificial)
- {af} : Afrikaans
- [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)]
- {ak} : Akan
- (Formerly "aka".)
- {akk} : Akkadian
- (Historical)
- {sq} : Albanian
- {ale} : Aleut
- [{alg} : Algonquian languages]
- NOT Algonquin!
- [{tut} : Altaic (Other)]
- {am} : Amharic
- NOT Aramaic!
- {i-ami} : Ami
- eq Amis. eq 'Amis. eq Pangca.
- [{apa} : Apache languages]
- {ar} : Arabic
- Many forms are mutually un-intelligible in spoken media.
Notable forms: {ar-ae} UAE Arabic; {ar-bh} Bahrain Arabic; {ar-dz}
Algerian Arabic; {ar-eg} Egyptian Arabic; {ar-iq} Iraqi Arabic; {ar-jo}
Jordanian Arabic; {ar-kw} Kuwait Arabic; {ar-lb} Lebanese Arabic; {ar-ly}
Libyan Arabic; {ar-ma} Moroccan Arabic; {ar-om} Omani Arabic; {ar-qa}
Qatari Arabic; {ar-sa} Sauda Arabic; {ar-sy} Syrian Arabic; {ar-tn}
Tunisian Arabic; {ar-ye} Yemen Arabic.
- {arc} : Aramaic
- NOT Amharic! NOT Samaritan Aramaic!
- {arp} : Arapaho
- {arn} : Araucanian
- {arw} : Arawak
- {hy} : Armenian
- {an} : Aragonese
- [{art} : Artificial (Other)]
- {ast} : Asturian
- eq Bable.
- {as} : Assamese
- [{ath} : Athapascan languages]
- eq Athabaskan. eq Athapaskan. eq Athabascan.
- [{aus} : Australian languages]
- [{map} : Austronesian (Other)]
- {av} : Avaric
- (Formerly "ava".)
- {ae} : Avestan
- eq Zend
- {awa} : Awadhi
- {ay} : Aymara
- {az} : Azerbaijani
- eq Azeri
Notable forms: {az-Arab} Azerbaijani in Arabic script; {az-Cyrl} Azerbaijani
in Cyrillic script; {az-Latn} Azerbaijani in Latin script.
- {ban} : Balinese
- [{bat} : Baltic (Other)]
- {bal} : Baluchi
- {bm} : Bambara
- (Formerly "bam".)
- [{bai} : Bamileke languages]
- {bad} : Banda
- [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)]
- {bas} : Basa
- {ba} : Bashkir
- {eu} : Basque
- {btk} : Batak (Indonesia)
- {bej} : Beja
- {be} : Belarusian
- eq Belarussian. eq Byelarussian. eq Belorussian. eq
Byelorussian. eq White Russian. eq White Ruthenian. NOT Ruthenian!
- {bem} : Bemba
- {bn} : Bengali
- eq Bangla.
- [{ber} : Berber (Other)]
- {bho} : Bhojpuri
- {bh} : Bihari
- {bik} : Bikol
- {bin} : Bini
- {bi} : Bislama
- eq Bichelamar.
- {bs} : Bosnian
- {bra} : Braj
- {br} : Breton
- {bug} : Buginese
- {bg} : Bulgarian
- {i-bnn} : Bunun
- {bua} : Buriat
- {my} : Burmese
- {cad} : Caddo
- {car} : Carib
- {ca} : Catalan
- eq Catalan. eq Catalonian.
- [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)]
- {ceb} : Cebuano
- [{cel} : Celtic (Other)]
- Notable forms: {cel-gaulish} Gaulish (Historical)
- [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)]
- {chg} : Chagatai
- (Historical?)
- [{cmc} : Chamic languages]
- {ch} : Chamorro
- {ce} : Chechen
- {chr} : Cherokee
- eq Tsalagi
- {chy} : Cheyenne
- {chb} : Chibcha
- (Historical) NOT Chibchan (which is a language
family).
- {ny} : Chichewa
- eq Nyanja. eq Chinyanja.
- {zh} : Chinese
- Many forms are mutually un-intelligible in spoken media.
Notable forms: {zh-Hans} Chinese, in simplified script; {zh-Hant} Chinese,
in traditional script; {zh-tw} Taiwan Chinese; {zh-cn} PRC Chinese;
{zh-sg} Singapore Chinese; {zh-mo} Macau Chinese; {zh-hk} Hong Kong
Chinese; {zh-guoyu} Mandarin [Putonghua/Guoyu]; {zh-hakka} Hakka [formerly
"i-hakka"]; {zh-min} Hokkien; {zh-min-nan} Southern Hokkien;
{zh-wuu} Shanghaiese; {zh-xiang} Hunanese; {zh-gan} Gan; {zh-yue}
Cantonese.
- {chn} : Chinook Jargon
- eq Chinook Wawa.
- {chp} : Chipewyan
- {cho} : Choctaw
- {cu} : Church Slavic
- eq Old Church Slavonic.
- {chk} : Chuukese
- eq Trukese. eq Chuuk. eq Truk. eq Ruk.
- {cv} : Chuvash
- {cop} : Coptic
- {kw} : Cornish
- {co} : Corsican
- eq Corse.
- {cr} : Cree
- NOT Creek! (Formerly "cre".)
- {mus} : Creek
- NOT Cree!
- [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
- [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
- [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
- [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
- {hr} : Croatian
- eq Croat.
- [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)]
- {cs} : Czech
- {dak} : Dakota
- eq Nakota. eq Latoka.
- {da} : Danish
- {dar} : Dargwa
- {day} : Dayak
- {i-default} : Default (Fallthru) Language
- Defined in RFC 2277, this is for tagging text (which must
include English text, and might/should include text in other appropriate
languages) that is emitted in a context where language-negotiation wasn't
possible -- in SMTP mail failure messages, for example.
- {del} : Delaware
- {din} : Dinka
- {dv} : Divehi
- eq Maldivian. (Formerly "div".)
- {doi} : Dogri
- NOT Dogrib!
- {dgr} : Dogrib
- NOT Dogri!
- [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)]
- {dua} : Duala
- {nl} : Dutch
- eq Netherlander. Notable forms: {nl-nl} Netherlands Dutch;
{nl-be} Belgian Dutch.
- {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350)
- (Historical)
- {dyu} : Dyula
- {dz} : Dzongkha
- {efi} : Efik
- {egy} : Ancient Egyptian
- (Historical)
- {eka} : Ekajuk
- {elx} : Elamite
- (Historical)
- {en} : English
- Notable forms: {en-au} Australian English; {en-bz} Belize
English; {en-ca} Canadian English; {en-gb} UK English; {en-ie} Irish
English; {en-jm} Jamaican English; {en-nz} New Zealand English; {en-ph}
Philippine English; {en-tt} Trinidad English; {en-us} US English; {en-za}
South African English; {en-zw} Zimbabwe English.
- {enm} : Old English (1100-1500)
- (Historical)
- {ang} : Old English (ca.450-1100)
- eq Anglo-Saxon. (Historical)
- {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial)
- {myv} : Erzya
- {eo} : Esperanto
- (Artificial)
- {et} : Estonian
- {ee} : Ewe
- (Formerly "ewe".)
- {ewo} : Ewondo
- {fan} : Fang
- {fat} : Fanti
- {fo} : Faroese
- {fj} : Fijian
- {fi} : Finnish
- [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)]
- eq Finno-Ugric. NOT Ugaritic!
- {fon} : Fon
- {fr} : French
- Notable forms: {fr-fr} France French; {fr-be} Belgian
French; {fr-ca} Canadian French; {fr-ch} Swiss French; {fr-lu} Luxembourg
French; {fr-mc} Monaco French.
- {frm} : Middle French (ca.1400-1600)
- (Historical)
- {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400)
- (Historical)
- {fy} : Frisian
- {fur} : Friulian
- {ff} : Fulah
- (Formerly "ful".)
- {gaa} : Ga
- {gd} : Scots Gaelic
- NOT Scots!
- {gl} : Gallegan
- eq Galician
- {lg} : Ganda
- (Formerly "lug".)
- {gay} : Gayo
- {gba} : Gbaya
- {gez} : Geez
- eq Ge'ez
- {ka} : Georgian
- {de} : German
- Notable forms: {de-at} Austrian German; {de-be} Belgian
German; {de-ch} Swiss German; {de-de} Germany German; {de-li}
Liechtenstein German; {de-lu} Luxembourg German.
- {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500)
- (Historical)
- {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050)
- (Historical)
- [{gem} : Germanic (Other)]
- {gil} : Gilbertese
- {gon} : Gondi
- {gor} : Gorontalo
- {got} : Gothic
- (Historical)
- {grb} : Grebo
- {grc} : Ancient Greek
- (Historical) (Until 15th century or so.)
- {el} : Modern Greek
- (Since 15th century or so.)
- {gn} : Guarani
- Guarani
- {gu} : Gujarati
- {gwi} : Gwich'in
- eq Gwichin
- {hai} : Haida
- {ht} : Haitian
- eq Haitian Creole
- {ha} : Hausa
- {haw} : Hawaiian
- Hawai'ian
- {he} : Hebrew
- (Formerly "iw".)
- {hz} : Herero
- {hil} : Hiligaynon
- {him} : Himachali
- {hi} : Hindi
- {ho} : Hiri Motu
- {hit} : Hittite
- (Historical)
- {hmn} : Hmong
- {hu} : Hungarian
- {hup} : Hupa
- {iba} : Iban
- {is} : Icelandic
- {io} : Ido
- (Artificial)
- {ig} : Igbo
- (Formerly "ibo".)
- {ijo} : Ijo
- {ilo} : Iloko
- [{inc} : Indic (Other)]
- [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)]
- {id} : Indonesian
- (Formerly "in".)
- {inh} : Ingush
- {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
Association)
- (Artificial) NOT Interlingue!
- {ie} : Interlingue
- (Artificial) NOT Interlingua!
- {iu} : Inuktitut
- A subform of "Eskimo".
- {ik} : Inupiaq
- A subform of "Eskimo".
- [{ira} : Iranian (Other)]
- {ga} : Irish
- {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200)
- (Historical)
- {sga} : Old Irish (to 900)
- (Historical)
- [{iro} : Iroquoian languages]
- {it} : Italian
- Notable forms: {it-it} Italy Italian; {it-ch} Swiss
Italian.
- {ja} : Japanese
- (NOT "jp"!)
- {jv} : Javanese
- (Formerly "jw" because of a typo.)
- {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic
- {jpr} : Judeo-Persian
- {kbd} : Kabardian
- {kab} : Kabyle
- {kac} : Kachin
- {kl} : Kalaallisut
- eq Greenlandic "Eskimo"
- {xal} : Kalmyk
- {kam} : Kamba
- {kn} : Kannada
- eq Kanarese. NOT Canadian!
- {kr} : Kanuri
- (Formerly "kau".)
- {krc} : Karachay-Balkar
- {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak
- {kar} : Karen
- {ks} : Kashmiri
- {csb} : Kashubian
- eq Kashub
- {kaw} : Kawi
- {kk} : Kazakh
- {kha} : Khasi
- {km} : Khmer
- eq Cambodian. eq Kampuchean.
- [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)]
- {kho} : Khotanese
- {ki} : Kikuyu
- eq Gikuyu.
- {kmb} : Kimbundu
- {rw} : Kinyarwanda
- {ky} : Kirghiz
- {i-klingon} : Klingon
- {kv} : Komi
- {kg} : Kongo
- (Formerly "kon".)
- {kok} : Konkani
- {ko} : Korean
- {kos} : Kosraean
- {kpe} : Kpelle
- {kro} : Kru
- {kj} : Kuanyama
- {kum} : Kumyk
- {ku} : Kurdish
- {kru} : Kurukh
- {kut} : Kutenai
- {lad} : Ladino
- eq Judeo-Spanish. NOT Ladin (a minority language in
Italy).
- {lah} : Lahnda
- NOT Lamba!
- {lam} : Lamba
- NOT Lahnda!
- {lo} : Lao
- eq Laotian.
- {la} : Latin
- (Historical) NOT Ladin! NOT Ladino!
- {lv} : Latvian
- eq Lettish.
- {lb} : Letzeburgesch
- eq Luxemburgian, eq Luxemburger. (Formerly
"i-lux".)
- {lez} : Lezghian
- {li} : Limburgish
- eq Limburger, eq Limburgan. NOT Letzeburgesch!
- {ln} : Lingala
- {lt} : Lithuanian
- {nds} : Low German
- eq Low Saxon. eq Low German. eq Low Saxon.
- {art-lojban} : Lojban (Artificial)
- {loz} : Lozi
- {lu} : Luba-Katanga
- (Formerly "lub".)
- {lua} : Luba-Lulua
- {lui} : Luiseno
- eq Luisen~o.
- {lun} : Lunda
- {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)
- {lus} : Lushai
- {mk} : Macedonian
- eq the modern Slavic language spoken in what was
Yugoslavia. NOT the form of Greek spoken in Greek Macedonia!
- {mad} : Madurese
- {mag} : Magahi
- {mai} : Maithili
- {mak} : Makasar
- {mg} : Malagasy
- {ms} : Malay
- NOT Malayalam!
- {ml} : Malayalam
- NOT Malay!
- {mt} : Maltese
- {mnc} : Manchu
- {mdr} : Mandar
- NOT Mandarin!
- {man} : Mandingo
- {mni} : Manipuri
- eq Meithei.
- [{mno} : Manobo languages]
- {gv} : Manx
- {mi} : Maori
- NOT Mari!
- {mr} : Marathi
- {chm} : Mari
- NOT Maori!
- {mh} : Marshall
- eq Marshallese.
- {mwr} : Marwari
- {mas} : Masai
- [{myn} : Mayan languages]
- {men} : Mende
- {mic} : Micmac
- {min} : Minangkabau
- {i-mingo} : Mingo
- eq the Irquoian language West Virginia Seneca. NOT New York
Seneca!
- [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages]
- Don't use this.
- {moh} : Mohawk
- {mdf} : Moksha
- {mo} : Moldavian
- eq Moldovan.
- [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)]
- {lol} : Mongo
- {mn} : Mongolian
- eq Mongol.
- {mos} : Mossi
- [{mul} : Multiple languages]
- Not for normal use.
- [{mun} : Munda languages]
- {nah} : Nahuatl
- {nap} : Neapolitan
- {na} : Nauru
- {nv} : Navajo
- eq Navaho. (Formerly "i-navajo".)
- {nd} : North Ndebele
- {nr} : South Ndebele
- {ng} : Ndonga
- {ne} : Nepali
- eq Nepalese. Notable forms: {ne-np} Nepal Nepali; {ne-in}
India Nepali.
- {new} : Newari
- {nia} : Nias
- [{nic} : Niger-Kordofanian (Other)]
- [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)]
- {niu} : Niuean
- {nog} : Nogai
- {non} : Old Norse
- (Historical)
- [{nai} : North American Indian]
- Do not use this.
- {no} : Norwegian
- Note the two following forms:
- {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal
- eq Bokmaal, (A form of Norwegian.) (Formerly
"no-bok".)
- {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk
- (A form of Norwegian.) (Formerly "no-nyn".)
- [{nub} : Nubian languages]
- {nym} : Nyamwezi
- {nyn} : Nyankole
- {nyo} : Nyoro
- {nzi} : Nzima
- {oc} : Occitan (post 1500)
- eq Provencal, eq Provencal
- {oj} : Ojibwa
- eq Ojibwe. (Formerly "oji".)
- {or} : Oriya
- {om} : Oromo
- {osa} : Osage
- {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic
- [{oto} : Otomian languages]
- Group of languages collectively called
"Otomi".
- {pal} : Pahlavi
- eq Pahlevi
- {i-pwn} : Paiwan
- eq Pariwan
- {pau} : Palauan
- {pi} : Pali
- (Historical?)
- {pam} : Pampanga
- {pag} : Pangasinan
- {pa} : Panjabi
- eq Punjabi
- {pap} : Papiamento
- eq Papiamentu.
- [{paa} : Papuan (Other)]
- {fa} : Persian
- eq Farsi. eq Iranian.
- {peo} : Old Persian (ca.600-400 B.C.)
- [{phi} : Philippine (Other)]
- {phn} : Phoenician
- (Historical)
- {pon} : Pohnpeian
- NOT Pompeiian!
- {pl} : Polish
- {pt} : Portuguese
- eq Portugese. Notable forms: {pt-pt} Portugal Portuguese;
{pt-br} Brazilian Portuguese.
- [{pra} : Prakrit languages]
- {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500)
- eq Old Provencal. (Historical.)
- {ps} : Pushto
- eq Pashto. eq Pushtu.
- {qu} : Quechua
- eq Quecha.
- {rm} : Raeto-Romance
- eq Romansh.
- {raj} : Rajasthani
- {rap} : Rapanui
- {rar} : Rarotongan
- [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.]
- [{roa} : Romance (Other)]
- NOT Romanian! NOT Romany! NOT Romansh!
- {ro} : Romanian
- eq Rumanian. NOT Romany!
- {rom} : Romany
- eq Rom. NOT Romanian!
- {rn} : Rundi
- {ru} : Russian
- NOT White Russian! NOT Rusyn!
- [{sal} : Salishan languages]
- Large language group.
- {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic
- NOT Aramaic!
- {se} : Northern Sami
- eq Lappish. eq Lapp. eq (Northern) Saami.
- {sma} : Southern Sami
- {smn} : Inari Sami
- {smj} : Lule Sami
- {sms} : Skolt Sami
- [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)]
- {sm} : Samoan
- {sad} : Sandawe
- {sg} : Sango
- {sa} : Sanskrit
- (Historical)
- {sat} : Santali
- {sc} : Sardinian
- eq Sard.
- {sas} : Sasak
- {sco} : Scots
- NOT Scots Gaelic!
- {sel} : Selkup
- [{sem} : Semitic (Other)]
- {sr} : Serbian
- eq Serb. NOT Sorbian.
Notable forms: {sr-Cyrl} : Serbian in Cyrillic script; {sr-Latn} : Serbian
in Latin script.
- {srr} : Serer
- {shn} : Shan
- {sn} : Shona
- {sid} : Sidamo
- {sgn-...} : Sign Languages
- Always use with a subtag. Notable forms: {sgn-gb} British
Sign Language (BSL); {sgn-ie} Irish Sign Language (ESL); {sgn-ni}
Nicaraguan Sign Language (ISN); {sgn-us} American Sign Language (ASL).
(And so on with other country codes as the subtag.)
- {bla} : Siksika
- eq Blackfoot. eq Pikanii.
- {sd} : Sindhi
- {si} : Sinhalese
- eq Sinhala.
- [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)]
- [{sio} : Siouan languages]
- {den} : Slave (Athapascan)
- ("Slavey" is a subform.)
- [{sla} : Slavic (Other)]
- {sk} : Slovak
- eq Slovakian.
- {sl} : Slovenian
- eq Slovene.
- {sog} : Sogdian
- {so} : Somali
- {son} : Songhai
- {snk} : Soninke
- {wen} : Sorbian languages
- eq Wendish. eq Sorb. eq Lusatian. eq Wend. NOT Venda! NOT
Serbian!
- {nso} : Northern Sotho
- {st} : Southern Sotho
- eq Sutu. eq Sesotho.
- [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)]
- {es} : Spanish
- Notable forms: {es-ar} Argentine Spanish; {es-bo} Bolivian
Spanish; {es-cl} Chilean Spanish; {es-co} Colombian Spanish; {es-do}
Dominican Spanish; {es-ec} Ecuadorian Spanish; {es-es} Spain Spanish;
{es-gt} Guatemalan Spanish; {es-hn} Honduran Spanish; {es-mx} Mexican
Spanish; {es-pa} Panamanian Spanish; {es-pe} Peruvian Spanish; {es-pr}
Puerto Rican Spanish; {es-py} Paraguay Spanish; {es-sv} Salvadoran
Spanish; {es-us} US Spanish; {es-uy} Uruguayan Spanish; {es-ve} Venezuelan
Spanish.
- {suk} : Sukuma
- {sux} : Sumerian
- (Historical)
- {su} : Sundanese
- {sus} : Susu
- {sw} : Swahili
- eq Kiswahili
- {ss} : Swati
- {sv} : Swedish
- Notable forms: {sv-se} Sweden Swedish; {sv-fi} Finland
Swedish.
- {syr} : Syriac
- {tl} : Tagalog
- {ty} : Tahitian
- [{tai} : Tai (Other)]
- NOT Thai!
- {tg} : Tajik
- {tmh} : Tamashek
- {ta} : Tamil
- {i-tao} : Tao
- eq Yami.
- {tt} : Tatar
- {i-tay} : Tayal
- eq Atayal. eq Atayan.
- {te} : Telugu
- {ter} : Tereno
- {tet} : Tetum
- {th} : Thai
- NOT Tai!
- {bo} : Tibetan
- {tig} : Tigre
- {ti} : Tigrinya
- {tem} : Timne
- eq Themne. eq Timene.
- {tiv} : Tiv
- {tli} : Tlingit
- {tpi} : Tok Pisin
- {tkl} : Tokelau
- {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa)
- NOT Tsonga!
- {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands)
- (Pronounced "Tong-a", not "Tong-ga")
NOT Tsonga!
- {tsi} : Tsimshian
- eq Sm'algyax
- {ts} : Tsonga
- NOT Tonga!
- {i-tsu} : Tsou
- {tn} : Tswana
- Same as Setswana.
- {tum} : Tumbuka
- [{tup} : Tupi languages]
- {tr} : Turkish
- (Typically in Roman script)
- {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)
- (Typically in Arabic script) (Historical)
- {crh} : Crimean Turkish
- eq Crimean Tatar
- {tk} : Turkmen
- eq Turkmeni.
- {tvl} : Tuvalu
- {tyv} : Tuvinian
- eq Tuvan. eq Tuvin.
- {tw} : Twi
- {udm} : Udmurt
- {uga} : Ugaritic
- NOT Ugric!
- {ug} : Uighur
- {uk} : Ukrainian
- {umb} : Umbundu
- {und} : Undetermined
- Not a tag for normal use.
- {ur} : Urdu
- {uz} : Uzbek
- eq Oezbek
Notable forms: {uz-Cyrl} Uzbek in Cyrillic script; {uz-Latn} Uzbek in Latin
script.
- {vai} : Vai
- {ve} : Venda
- NOT Wendish! NOT Wend! NOT Avestan! (Formerly
"ven".)
- {vi} : Vietnamese
- eq Viet.
- {vo} : Volapuk
- eq Volapuek. (Artificial)
- {vot} : Votic
- eq Votian. eq Vod.
- [{wak} : Wakashan languages]
- {wa} : Walloon
- {wal} : Walamo
- eq Wolaytta.
- {war} : Waray
- Presumably the Philippine language Waray-Waray (Samaren~o),
not the smaller Philippine language Waray Sorsogon, nor the extinct
Australian language Waray.
- {was} : Washo
- eq Washoe
- {cy} : Welsh
- {wo} : Wolof
- {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use)
- "x-" is a prefix for language tags that are not
registered with ISO or IANA. Example, x-double-dutch
- {xh} : Xhosa
- {sah} : Yakut
- {yao} : Yao
- (The Yao in Malawi?)
- {yap} : Yapese
- eq Yap
- {ii} : Sichuan Yi
- {yi} : Yiddish
- Formerly "ji". Usually in Hebrew script.
Notable forms: {yi-latn} Yiddish in Latin script
- {yo} : Yoruba
- [{ypk} : Yupik languages]
- Several "Eskimo" languages.
- {znd} : Zande
- [{zap} : Zapotec]
- (A group of languages.)
- {zen} : Zenaga
- NOT Zend.
- {za} : Zhuang
- {zu} : Zulu
- {zun} : Zuni
- eq Zun~i
SEE ALSO¶
I18N::LangTags and its "See Also" section.
COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER¶
Copyright (c) 2001+ Sean M. Burke. All rights reserved.
You can redistribute and/or modify this document under the same terms as Perl
itself.
This document is provided in the hope that it will be useful, but without any
warranty; without even the implied warranty of accuracy, authoritativeness,
completeness, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose.
Email any corrections or questions to me.
AUTHOR¶
Sean M. Burke, sburke@cpan.org