'\" t
.\" Title: git
.\" Author: [see the "Authors" section]
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.76.1
.\" Date: 03/19/2016
.\" Manual: Git Manual
.\" Source: Git 1.7.10.4
.\" Language: English
.\"
.TH "GIT" "1" "03/19/2016" "Git 1\&.7\&.10\&.4" "Git Manual"
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.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
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.SH "NAME"
git \- the stupid content tracker
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.sp
.nf
\fIgit\fR [\-\-version] [\-\-help] [\-c =]
[\-\-exec\-path[=]] [\-\-html\-path] [\-\-man\-path] [\-\-info\-path]
[\-p|\-\-paginate|\-\-no\-pager] [\-\-no\-replace\-objects] [\-\-bare]
[\-\-git\-dir=] [\-\-work\-tree=] [\-\-namespace=]
[]
.fi
.sp
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.sp
Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an unusually rich command set that provides both high\-level operations and full access to internals\&.
.sp
See \fBgittutorial\fR(7) to get started, then see \m[blue]\fBEveryday Git\fR\m[]\&\s-2\u[1]\d\s+2 for a useful minimum set of commands, and "man git\-commandname" for documentation of each command\&. CVS users may also want to read \fBgitcvs-migration\fR(7)\&. See the \m[blue]\fBGit User\(cqs Manual\fR\m[]\&\s-2\u[2]\d\s+2 for a more in\-depth introduction\&.
.sp
The \fI\fR is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias as defined in the configuration file (see \fBgit-config\fR(1))\&.
.sp
Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git documentation can be viewed at http://www\&.kernel\&.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/\&.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.PP
\-\-version
.RS 4
Prints the git suite version that the
\fIgit\fR
program came from\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-help
.RS 4
Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used commands\&. If the option
\fI\-\-all\fR
or
\fI\-a\fR
is given then all available commands are printed\&. If a git command is named this option will bring up the manual page for that command\&.
.sp
Other options are available to control how the manual page is displayed\&. See
\fBgit-help\fR(1)
for more information, because
git \-\-help \&.\&.\&.
is converted internally into
git help \&.\&.\&.\&.
.RE
.PP
\-c =
.RS 4
Pass a configuration parameter to the command\&. The value given will override values from configuration files\&. The is expected in the same format as listed by
\fIgit config\fR
(subkeys separated by dots)\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-exec\-path[=]
.RS 4
Path to wherever your core git programs are installed\&. This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH environment variable\&. If no path is given,
\fIgit\fR
will print the current setting and then exit\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-html\-path
.RS 4
Print the path, without trailing slash, where git\(cqs HTML documentation is installed and exit\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-man\-path
.RS 4
Print the manpath (see
man(1)) for the man pages for this version of git and exit\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-info\-path
.RS 4
Print the path where the Info files documenting this version of git are installed and exit\&.
.RE
.PP
\-p, \-\-paginate
.RS 4
Pipe all output into
\fIless\fR
(or if set, $PAGER) if standard output is a terminal\&. This overrides the
pager\&.
configuration options (see the "Configuration Mechanism" section below)\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-no\-pager
.RS 4
Do not pipe git output into a pager\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-git\-dir=
.RS 4
Set the path to the repository\&. This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_DIR environment variable\&. It can be an absolute path or relative path to current working directory\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-work\-tree=
.RS 4
Set the path to the working tree\&. It can be an absolute path or a path relative to the current working directory\&. This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_WORK_TREE environment variable and the core\&.worktree configuration variable (see core\&.worktree in
\fBgit-config\fR(1)
for a more detailed discussion)\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-namespace=
.RS 4
Set the git namespace\&. See
\fBgitnamespaces\fR(7)
for more details\&. Equivalent to setting the
GIT_NAMESPACE
environment variable\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-bare
.RS 4
Treat the repository as a bare repository\&. If GIT_DIR environment is not set, it is set to the current working directory\&.
.RE
.PP
\-\-no\-replace\-objects
.RS 4
Do not use replacement refs to replace git objects\&. See
\fBgit-replace\fR(1)
for more information\&.
.RE
.SH "FURTHER DOCUMENTATION"
.sp
See the references above to get started using git\&. The following is probably more detail than necessary for a first\-time user\&.
.sp
The \m[blue]\fBgit concepts chapter of the user\-manual\fR\m[]\&\s-2\u[3]\d\s+2 and \fBgitcore-tutorial\fR(7) both provide introductions to the underlying git architecture\&.
.sp
See \fBgitworkflows\fR(7) for an overview of recommended workflows\&.
.sp
See also the \m[blue]\fBhowto\fR\m[]\&\s-2\u[4]\d\s+2 documents for some useful examples\&.
.sp
The internals are documented in the \m[blue]\fBGIT API documentation\fR\m[]\&\s-2\u[5]\d\s+2\&.
.SH "GIT COMMANDS"
.sp
We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level ("plumbing") commands\&.
.SH "HIGH-LEVEL COMMANDS (PORCELAIN)"
.sp
We separate the porcelain commands into the main commands and some ancillary user utilities\&.
.SS "Main porcelain commands"
.PP
\fBgit-add\fR(1)
.RS 4
Add file contents to the index\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-am\fR(1)
.RS 4
Apply a series of patches from a mailbox\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-archive\fR(1)
.RS 4
Create an archive of files from a named tree\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-bisect\fR(1)
.RS 4
Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-branch\fR(1)
.RS 4
List, create, or delete branches\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-bundle\fR(1)
.RS 4
Move objects and refs by archive\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-checkout\fR(1)
.RS 4
Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-cherry-pick\fR(1)
.RS 4
Apply the changes introduced by some existing commits\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-citool\fR(1)
.RS 4
Graphical alternative to git\-commit\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-clean\fR(1)
.RS 4
Remove untracked files from the working tree\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-clone\fR(1)
.RS 4
Clone a repository into a new directory\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-commit\fR(1)
.RS 4
Record changes to the repository\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-describe\fR(1)
.RS 4
Show the most recent tag that is reachable from a commit\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-diff\fR(1)
.RS 4
Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-fetch\fR(1)
.RS 4
Download objects and refs from another repository\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-format-patch\fR(1)
.RS 4
Prepare patches for e\-mail submission\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-gc\fR(1)
.RS 4
Cleanup unnecessary files and optimize the local repository\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-grep\fR(1)
.RS 4
Print lines matching a pattern\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-gui\fR(1)
.RS 4
A portable graphical interface to Git\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-init\fR(1)
.RS 4
Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-log\fR(1)
.RS 4
Show commit logs\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-merge\fR(1)
.RS 4
Join two or more development histories together\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-mv\fR(1)
.RS 4
Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-notes\fR(1)
.RS 4
Add or inspect object notes\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-pull\fR(1)
.RS 4
Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-push\fR(1)
.RS 4
Update remote refs along with associated objects\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-rebase\fR(1)
.RS 4
Forward\-port local commits to the updated upstream head\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-reset\fR(1)
.RS 4
Reset current HEAD to the specified state\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-revert\fR(1)
.RS 4
Revert some existing commits\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-rm\fR(1)
.RS 4
Remove files from the working tree and from the index\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-shortlog\fR(1)
.RS 4
Summarize
\fIgit log\fR
output\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-show\fR(1)
.RS 4
Show various types of objects\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-stash\fR(1)
.RS 4
Stash the changes in a dirty working directory away\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-status\fR(1)
.RS 4
Show the working tree status\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-submodule\fR(1)
.RS 4
Initialize, update or inspect submodules\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-tag\fR(1)
.RS 4
Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgitk\fR(1)
.RS 4
The git repository browser\&.
.RE
.SS "Ancillary Commands"
.sp
Manipulators:
.PP
\fBgit-config\fR(1)
.RS 4
Get and set repository or global options\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-fast-export\fR(1)
.RS 4
Git data exporter\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-fast-import\fR(1)
.RS 4
Backend for fast Git data importers\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-filter-branch\fR(1)
.RS 4
Rewrite branches\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-lost-found\fR(1)
.RS 4
(deprecated) Recover lost refs that luckily have not yet been pruned\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-mergetool\fR(1)
.RS 4
Run merge conflict resolution tools to resolve merge conflicts\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-pack-refs\fR(1)
.RS 4
Pack heads and tags for efficient repository access\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-prune\fR(1)
.RS 4
Prune all unreachable objects from the object database\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-reflog\fR(1)
.RS 4
Manage reflog information\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-relink\fR(1)
.RS 4
Hardlink common objects in local repositories\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-remote\fR(1)
.RS 4
manage set of tracked repositories\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-repack\fR(1)
.RS 4
Pack unpacked objects in a repository\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-replace\fR(1)
.RS 4
Create, list, delete refs to replace objects\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-repo-config\fR(1)
.RS 4
(deprecated) Get and set repository or global options\&.
.RE
.sp
Interrogators:
.PP
\fBgit-annotate\fR(1)
.RS 4
Annotate file lines with commit information\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-blame\fR(1)
.RS 4
Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-cherry\fR(1)
.RS 4
Find commits not merged upstream\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-count-objects\fR(1)
.RS 4
Count unpacked number of objects and their disk consumption\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-difftool\fR(1)
.RS 4
Show changes using common diff tools\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-fsck\fR(1)
.RS 4
Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-get-tar-commit-id\fR(1)
.RS 4
Extract commit ID from an archive created using git\-archive\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-help\fR(1)
.RS 4
display help information about git\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-instaweb\fR(1)
.RS 4
Instantly browse your working repository in gitweb\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-merge-tree\fR(1)
.RS 4
Show three\-way merge without touching index\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-rerere\fR(1)
.RS 4
Reuse recorded resolution of conflicted merges\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-rev-parse\fR(1)
.RS 4
Pick out and massage parameters\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-show-branch\fR(1)
.RS 4
Show branches and their commits\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-verify-tag\fR(1)
.RS 4
Check the GPG signature of tags\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-whatchanged\fR(1)
.RS 4
Show logs with difference each commit introduces\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgitweb\fR(1)
.RS 4
Git web interface (web frontend to Git repositories)\&.
.RE
.SS "Interacting with Others"
.sp
These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other people via patch over e\-mail\&.
.PP
\fBgit-archimport\fR(1)
.RS 4
Import an Arch repository into git\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-cvsexportcommit\fR(1)
.RS 4
Export a single commit to a CVS checkout\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-cvsimport\fR(1)
.RS 4
Salvage your data out of another SCM people love to hate\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-cvsserver\fR(1)
.RS 4
A CVS server emulator for git\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-imap-send\fR(1)
.RS 4
Send a collection of patches from stdin to an IMAP folder\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-quiltimport\fR(1)
.RS 4
Applies a quilt patchset onto the current branch\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-request-pull\fR(1)
.RS 4
Generates a summary of pending changes\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-send-email\fR(1)
.RS 4
Send a collection of patches as emails\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-svn\fR(1)
.RS 4
Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and git\&.
.RE
.SH "LOW-LEVEL COMMANDS (PLUMBING)"
.sp
Although git includes its own porcelain layer, its low\-level commands are sufficient to support development of alternative porcelains\&. Developers of such porcelains might start by reading about \fBgit-update-index\fR(1) and \fBgit-read-tree\fR(1)\&.
.sp
The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics) to these low\-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable than Porcelain level commands, because these commands are primarily for scripted use\&. The interface to Porcelain commands on the other hand are subject to change in order to improve the end user experience\&.
.sp
The following description divides the low\-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between repositories\&.
.SS "Manipulation commands"
.PP
\fBgit-apply\fR(1)
.RS 4
Apply a patch to files and/or to the index\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-checkout-index\fR(1)
.RS 4
Copy files from the index to the working tree\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-commit-tree\fR(1)
.RS 4
Create a new commit object\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-hash-object\fR(1)
.RS 4
Compute object ID and optionally creates a blob from a file\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-index-pack\fR(1)
.RS 4
Build pack index file for an existing packed archive\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-merge-file\fR(1)
.RS 4
Run a three\-way file merge\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-merge-index\fR(1)
.RS 4
Run a merge for files needing merging\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-mktag\fR(1)
.RS 4
Creates a tag object\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-mktree\fR(1)
.RS 4
Build a tree\-object from ls\-tree formatted text\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-pack-objects\fR(1)
.RS 4
Create a packed archive of objects\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-prune-packed\fR(1)
.RS 4
Remove extra objects that are already in pack files\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-read-tree\fR(1)
.RS 4
Reads tree information into the index\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-symbolic-ref\fR(1)
.RS 4
Read and modify symbolic refs\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-unpack-objects\fR(1)
.RS 4
Unpack objects from a packed archive\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-update-index\fR(1)
.RS 4
Register file contents in the working tree to the index\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-update-ref\fR(1)
.RS 4
Update the object name stored in a ref safely\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-write-tree\fR(1)
.RS 4
Create a tree object from the current index\&.
.RE
.SS "Interrogation commands"
.PP
\fBgit-cat-file\fR(1)
.RS 4
Provide content or type and size information for repository objects\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-diff-files\fR(1)
.RS 4
Compares files in the working tree and the index\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-diff-index\fR(1)
.RS 4
Compares content and mode of blobs between the index and repository\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-diff-tree\fR(1)
.RS 4
Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-for-each-ref\fR(1)
.RS 4
Output information on each ref\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-ls-files\fR(1)
.RS 4
Show information about files in the index and the working tree\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-ls-remote\fR(1)
.RS 4
List references in a remote repository\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-ls-tree\fR(1)
.RS 4
List the contents of a tree object\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-merge-base\fR(1)
.RS 4
Find as good common ancestors as possible for a merge\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-name-rev\fR(1)
.RS 4
Find symbolic names for given revs\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-pack-redundant\fR(1)
.RS 4
Find redundant pack files\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-rev-list\fR(1)
.RS 4
Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-show-index\fR(1)
.RS 4
Show packed archive index\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-show-ref\fR(1)
.RS 4
List references in a local repository\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-tar-tree\fR(1)
.RS 4
(deprecated) Create a tar archive of the files in the named tree object\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-unpack-file\fR(1)
.RS 4
Creates a temporary file with a blob\(cqs contents\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-var\fR(1)
.RS 4
Show a git logical variable\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-verify-pack\fR(1)
.RS 4
Validate packed git archive files\&.
.RE
.sp
In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in the working tree\&.
.SS "Synching repositories"
.PP
\fBgit-daemon\fR(1)
.RS 4
A really simple server for git repositories\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-fetch-pack\fR(1)
.RS 4
Receive missing objects from another repository\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-http-backend\fR(1)
.RS 4
Server side implementation of Git over HTTP\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-send-pack\fR(1)
.RS 4
Push objects over git protocol to another repository\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-update-server-info\fR(1)
.RS 4
Update auxiliary info file to help dumb servers\&.
.RE
.sp
The following are helper commands used by the above; end users typically do not use them directly\&.
.PP
\fBgit-http-fetch\fR(1)
.RS 4
Download from a remote git repository via HTTP\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-http-push\fR(1)
.RS 4
Push objects over HTTP/DAV to another repository\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-parse-remote\fR(1)
.RS 4
Routines to help parsing remote repository access parameters\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-receive-pack\fR(1)
.RS 4
Receive what is pushed into the repository\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-shell\fR(1)
.RS 4
Restricted login shell for Git\-only SSH access\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-upload-archive\fR(1)
.RS 4
Send archive back to git\-archive\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-upload-pack\fR(1)
.RS 4
Send objects packed back to git\-fetch\-pack\&.
.RE
.SS "Internal helper commands"
.sp
These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end users typically do not use them directly\&.
.PP
\fBgit-check-attr\fR(1)
.RS 4
Display gitattributes information\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-check-ref-format\fR(1)
.RS 4
Ensures that a reference name is well formed\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-fmt-merge-msg\fR(1)
.RS 4
Produce a merge commit message\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-mailinfo\fR(1)
.RS 4
Extracts patch and authorship from a single e\-mail message\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-mailsplit\fR(1)
.RS 4
Simple UNIX mbox splitter program\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-merge-one-file\fR(1)
.RS 4
The standard helper program to use with git\-merge\-index\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-patch-id\fR(1)
.RS 4
Compute unique ID for a patch\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-peek-remote\fR(1)
.RS 4
(deprecated) List the references in a remote repository\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-sh-setup\fR(1)
.RS 4
Common git shell script setup code\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBgit-stripspace\fR(1)
.RS 4
Remove unnecessary whitespace\&.
.RE
.SH "CONFIGURATION MECHANISM"
.sp
Starting from 0\&.99\&.9 (actually mid 0\&.99\&.8\&.GIT), \&.git/config file is used to hold per\-repository configuration options\&. It is a simple text file modeled after \&.ini format familiar to some people\&. Here is an example:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
#
# A \*(Aq#\*(Aq or \*(Aq;\*(Aq character indicates a comment\&.
#
; core variables
[core]
; Don\*(Aqt trust file modes
filemode = false
; user identity
[user]
name = "Junio C Hamano"
email = "junkio@twinsun\&.com"
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.sp
.sp
Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust their operation accordingly\&. See \fBgit-config\fR(1) for a list\&.
.SH "IDENTIFIER TERMINOLOGY"
.PP