.\" Copyright (c) 1999 Chris Costello .\" All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man9/make_dev.9,v 1.26.2.4.2.1 2010/12/21 17:09:25 kensmith Exp $ .\" .Dd September 5, 2010 .Dt MAKE_DEV 9 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm make_dev , .Nm make_dev_cred , .Nm make_dev_credf , .Nm make_dev_alias , .Nm destroy_dev , .Nm destroy_dev_sched , .Nm destroy_dev_sched_cb , .Nm destroy_dev_drain , .Nm dev_depends .Nd manage .Vt cdev Ns 's and DEVFS registration for devices .Sh SYNOPSIS .In sys/param.h .In sys/conf.h .Ft struct cdev * .Fn make_dev "struct cdevsw *cdevsw" "int unit" "uid_t uid" "gid_t gid" "int perms" "const char *fmt" ... .Ft struct cdev * .Fn make_dev_cred "struct cdevsw *cdevsw" "int unit" "struct ucred *cr" "uid_t uid" "gid_t gid" "int perms" "const char *fmt" ... .Ft struct cdev * .Fn make_dev_credf "int flags" "struct cdevsw *cdevsw" "int unit" "struct ucred *cr" "uid_t uid" "gid_t gid" "int perms" "const char *fmt" ... .Ft struct cdev * .Fn make_dev_alias "struct cdev *pdev" "const char *fmt" ... .Ft void .Fn destroy_dev "struct cdev *dev" .Ft void .Fn destroy_dev_sched "struct cdev *dev" .Ft void .Fn destroy_dev_sched_cb "struct cdev *dev" "void (*cb)(void *)" "void *arg" .Ft void .Fn destroy_dev_drain "struct cdevsw *csw" .Ft void .Fn dev_depends "struct cdev *pdev" "struct cdev *cdev" .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Fn make_dev_credf function creates a .Fa cdev structure for a new device. It also notifies .Xr devfs 5 of the presence of the new device, that causes corresponding nodes to be created. Besides this, a .Xr devctl 4 notification is sent. The device will be owned by .Va uid , with the group ownership as .Va gid . The name is the expansion of .Va fmt and following arguments as .Xr printf 9 would print it. The name determines its path under .Pa /dev or other .Xr devfs 5 mount point and may contain slash .Ql / characters to denote subdirectories. The permissions of the file specified in .Va perms are defined in .In sys/stat.h : .Pp .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact #define S_IRWXU 0000700 /* RWX mask for owner */ #define S_IRUSR 0000400 /* R for owner */ #define S_IWUSR 0000200 /* W for owner */ #define S_IXUSR 0000100 /* X for owner */ #define S_IRWXG 0000070 /* RWX mask for group */ #define S_IRGRP 0000040 /* R for group */ #define S_IWGRP 0000020 /* W for group */ #define S_IXGRP 0000010 /* X for group */ #define S_IRWXO 0000007 /* RWX mask for other */ #define S_IROTH 0000004 /* R for other */ #define S_IWOTH 0000002 /* W for other */ #define S_IXOTH 0000001 /* X for other */ #define S_ISUID 0004000 /* set user id on execution */ #define S_ISGID 0002000 /* set group id on execution */ #define S_ISVTX 0001000 /* sticky bit */ #ifndef _POSIX_SOURCE #define S_ISTXT 0001000 #endif .Ed .Pp The .Va cr argument specifies credentials that will be stored in the .Fa si_cred member of the initialized .Fa struct cdev . The .Va flags argument alters the operation of .Fn make_dev_credf . The following values are currently accepted: .Pp .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact MAKEDEV_REF reference the created device MAKEDEV_NOWAIT do not sleep, may return NULL MAKEDEV_WAITOK allow the function to sleep to satisfy malloc MAKEDEV_ETERNAL created device will be never destroyed .Ed .Pp The .Dv MAKEDEV_WAITOK flag is assumed if none of .Dv MAKEDEV_WAITOK , .Dv MAKEDEV_NOWAIT is specified. .Pp The .Xr dev_clone 9 event handler shall specify .Dv MAKEDEV_REF flag when creating a device in response to lookup, to avoid race where the device created is destroyed immediately after .Xr devfs_lookup 9 drops his reference to cdev. .Pp The .Dv MAKEDEV_ETERNAL flag allows the kernel to not acquire some locks when translating system calls into the cdevsw methods calls. It is responsibility of the driver author to make sure that .Fn destroy_dev is never called on the returned cdev. For the convenience, use the .Dv MAKEDEV_ETERNAL_KLD flag for the code that can be compiled into kernel or loaded (and unloaded) as loadable module. .Pp The .Fn make_dev_cred function is equivalent to the call .Bd -literal -offset indent make_dev_credf(0, cdevsw, unit, cr, uid, gid, perms, fmt, ...); .Ed . .Pp The .Fn make_dev function call is the same as .Bd -literal -offset indent make_dev_credf(0, cdevsw, unit, NULL, uid, gid, perms, fmt, ...); .Ed . .Pp The .Fn make_dev_alias function takes the returned .Ft cdev from .Fn make_dev and makes another (aliased) name for this device. It is an error to call .Fn make_dev_alias prior to calling .Fn make_dev . .Pp The .Fa cdev returned by .Fn make_dev and .Fn make_dev_alias has two fields, .Fa si_drv1 and .Fa si_drv2 , that are available to store state. Both fields are of type .Ft void * . These are designed to replace the .Fa unit argument to .Fn make_dev , which can be obtained with .Fn dev2unit . .Pp The .Fn destroy_dev function takes the returned .Fa cdev from .Fn make_dev and destroys the registration for that device. The notification is sent to .Xr devctl 4 about the destruction event. Do not call .Fn destroy_dev on devices that were created with .Fn make_dev_alias . .Pp The .Fn dev_depends function establishes a parent-child relationship between two devices. The net effect is that a .Fn destroy_dev of the parent device will also result in the destruction of the child device(s), if any exist. A device may simultaneously be a parent and a child, so it is possible to build a complete hierarchy. .Pp The .Fn destroy_dev_sched_cb function schedules execution of the .Fn destroy_dev for the specified .Fa cdev in the safe context. After .Fn destroy_dev is finished, and if the supplied .Fa cb is not NULL, the callback .Fa cb is called, with argument .Fa arg . The .Fn destroy_dev_sched function is the same as .Bd -literal -offset indent destroy_dev_sched(cdev, NULL, NULL); .Ed . .Pp The .Fn d_close driver method cannot call .Fn destroy_dev directly. Doing so causes deadlock when .Fn destroy_dev waits for all threads to leave the driver methods. Also, because .Fn destroy_dev sleeps, no non-sleepable locks may be held over the call. The .Fn destroy_dev_sched family of functions overcome these issues. .Pp The device driver may call the .Fn destroy_dev_drain function to wait until all devices that have supplied .Fa csw as cdevsw, are destroyed. This is useful when driver knows that .Fn destroy_dev_sched is called for all instantiated devices, but need to postpone module unload until .Fn destroy_dev is actually finished for all of them. .Pp .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr devctl 4 , .Xr destroy_dev_drain 9 , .Xr dev_clone 9 , .Xr devfs 5 .Sh HISTORY The .Fn make_dev and .Fn destroy_dev functions first appeared in .Fx 4.0 . The function .Fn make_dev_alias first appeared in .Fx 4.1 . The function .Fn dev_depends first appeared in .Fx 5.0 . The functions .Fn make_dev_credf , .Fn destroy_dev_sched , .Fn destroy_dev_sched_cb first appeared in .Fx 7.0 .