.\" DO NOT MODIFY THIS FILE!  It was generated by help2man 1.35.
.TH LS "1" "September 2011" "GNU coreutils 8.12.197-032bb" "User Commands"
.SH NAME
ls \- list directory contents
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B ls
[\fIOPTION\fR]... [\fIFILE\fR]...
.SH DESCRIPTION
.\" Add any additional description here
.PP
List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
Sort entries alphabetically if none of \fB\-cftuvSUX\fR nor \fB\-\-sort\fR is specified.
.PP
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
.TP
\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
do not ignore entries starting with .
.TP
\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-almost\-all\fR
do not list implied . and ..
.TP
\fB\-\-author\fR
with \fB\-l\fR, print the author of each file
.TP
\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-escape\fR
print C\-style escapes for nongraphic characters
.TP
\fB\-\-block\-size\fR=\fISIZE\fR
scale sizes by SIZE before printing them.  E.g.,
`\-\-block\-size=M' prints sizes in units of
1,048,576 bytes.  See SIZE format below.
.TP
\fB\-B\fR, \fB\-\-ignore\-backups\fR
do not list implied entries ending with ~
.TP
\fB\-c\fR
with \fB\-lt\fR: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last
modification of file status information)
with \fB\-l\fR: show ctime and sort by name
otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first
.TP
\fB\-C\fR
list entries by columns
.TP
\fB\-\-color\fR[=\fIWHEN\fR]
colorize the output.  WHEN defaults to `always'
or can be `never' or `auto'.  More info below
.TP
\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-directory\fR
list directory entries instead of contents,
and do not dereference symbolic links
.TP
\fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-dired\fR
generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
.TP
\fB\-f\fR
do not sort, enable \fB\-aU\fR, disable \fB\-ls\fR \fB\-\-color\fR
.TP
\fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-classify\fR
append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
.TP
\fB\-\-file\-type\fR
likewise, except do not append `*'
.TP
\fB\-\-format\fR=\fIWORD\fR
across \fB\-x\fR, commas \fB\-m\fR, horizontal \fB\-x\fR, long \fB\-l\fR,
single\-column \fB\-1\fR, verbose \fB\-l\fR, vertical \fB\-C\fR
.TP
\fB\-\-full\-time\fR
like \fB\-l\fR \fB\-\-time\-style\fR=\fIfull\-iso\fR
.TP
\fB\-g\fR
like \fB\-l\fR, but do not list owner
.TP
\fB\-\-group\-directories\-first\fR
group directories before files.
.IP
augment with a \fB\-\-sort\fR option, but any
use of \fB\-\-sort\fR=\fInone\fR (\fB\-U\fR) disables grouping
.TP
\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-no\-group\fR
in a long listing, don't print group names
.TP
\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-human\-readable\fR
with \fB\-l\fR, print sizes in human readable format
(e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
.TP
\fB\-\-si\fR
likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
.TP
\fB\-H\fR, \fB\-\-dereference\-command\-line\fR
follow symbolic links listed on the command line
.TP
\fB\-\-dereference\-command\-line\-symlink\-to\-dir\fR
follow each command line symbolic link
that points to a directory
.TP
\fB\-\-hide\fR=\fIPATTERN\fR
do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
(overridden by \fB\-a\fR or \fB\-A\fR)
.TP
\fB\-\-indicator\-style\fR=\fIWORD\fR
append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
none (default), slash (\fB\-p\fR),
file\-type (\fB\-\-file\-type\fR), classify (\fB\-F\fR)
.TP
\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inode\fR
print the index number of each file
.TP
\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-ignore\fR=\fIPATTERN\fR
do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
.TP
\fB\-k\fR
like \fB\-\-block\-size\fR=\fI1K\fR
.TP
\fB\-l\fR
use a long listing format
.TP
\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-dereference\fR
when showing file information for a symbolic
link, show information for the file the link
references rather than for the link itself
.TP
\fB\-m\fR
fill width with a comma separated list of entries
.TP
\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-numeric\-uid\-gid\fR
like \fB\-l\fR, but list numeric user and group IDs
.TP
\fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-literal\fR
print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control
characters specially)
.TP
\fB\-o\fR
like \fB\-l\fR, but do not list group information
.TP
\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-indicator\-style\fR=\fIslash\fR
append / indicator to directories
.TP
\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-hide\-control\-chars\fR
print ? instead of non graphic characters
.TP
\fB\-\-show\-control\-chars\fR
show non graphic characters as\-is (default
unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal)
.TP
\fB\-Q\fR, \fB\-\-quote\-name\fR
enclose entry names in double quotes
.TP
\fB\-\-quoting\-style\fR=\fIWORD\fR
use quoting style WORD for entry names:
literal, locale, shell, shell\-always, c, escape
.TP
\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reverse\fR
reverse order while sorting
.TP
\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-recursive\fR
list subdirectories recursively
.TP
\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-size\fR
print the allocated size of each file, in blocks
.TP
\fB\-S\fR
sort by file size
.TP
\fB\-\-sort\fR=\fIWORD\fR
sort by WORD instead of name: none \fB\-U\fR,
extension \fB\-X\fR, size \fB\-S\fR, time \fB\-t\fR, version \fB\-v\fR
.TP
\fB\-\-time\fR=\fIWORD\fR
with \fB\-l\fR, show time as WORD instead of modification
time: atime \fB\-u\fR, access \fB\-u\fR, use \fB\-u\fR, ctime \fB\-c\fR,
or status \fB\-c\fR; use specified time as sort key
if \fB\-\-sort\fR=\fItime\fR
.TP
\fB\-\-time\-style\fR=\fISTYLE\fR
with \fB\-l\fR, show times using style STYLE:
full\-iso, long\-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT.
FORMAT is interpreted like `date'; if FORMAT is
FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to
non\-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;
if STYLE is prefixed with `posix\-', STYLE
takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
.TP
\fB\-t\fR
sort by modification time, newest first
.TP
\fB\-T\fR, \fB\-\-tabsize\fR=\fICOLS\fR
assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
.TP
\fB\-u\fR
with \fB\-lt\fR: sort by, and show, access time
with \fB\-l\fR: show access time and sort by name
otherwise: sort by access time
.TP
\fB\-U\fR
do not sort; list entries in directory order
.TP
\fB\-v\fR
natural sort of (version) numbers within text
.TP
\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-width\fR=\fICOLS\fR
assume screen width instead of current value
.TP
\fB\-x\fR
list entries by lines instead of by columns
.TP
\fB\-X\fR
sort alphabetically by entry extension
.TP
\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-context\fR
print any SELinux security context of each file
.TP
\fB\-1\fR
list one file per line
.TP
\fB\-\-help\fR
display this help and exit
.TP
\fB\-\-version\fR
output version information and exit
.PP
SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following:
KB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
.PP
Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and
with \fB\-\-color\fR=\fInever\fR.  With \fB\-\-color\fR=\fIauto\fR, ls emits color codes only when
standard output is connected to a terminal.  The LS_COLORS environment
variable can change the settings.  Use the dircolors command to set it.
.SS "Exit status:"
.TP
0
if OK,
.TP
1
if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),
.TP
2
if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command\-line argument).
.SH AUTHOR
Written by Richard M. Stallman and David MacKenzie.
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
Report ls bugs to bug\-coreutils@gnu.org
.br
GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
.br
General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
.br
Report ls translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>
.SH COPYRIGHT
Copyright \(co 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
.br
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
The full documentation for
.B ls
is maintained as a Texinfo manual.  If the
.B info
and
.B ls
programs are properly installed at your site, the command
.IP
.B info coreutils \(aqls invocation\(aq
.PP
should give you access to the complete manual.