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NAMED(8) | BIND9 | NAMED(8) |
NAME¶
named - Internet domain name serverSYNOPSIS¶
named
[ -4] [-6] [-c config-file]
[-d debug-level]
[-E engine-name] [ -f] [-g]
[-m flag] [-n #cpus]
[-p port] [-s]
[-S #max-socks] [
-t directory] [ -u user]
[-v] [-V] [-x cache-file]
DESCRIPTION¶
named is a Domain Name System (DNS) server, part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035. When invoked without arguments, named will read the default configuration file /etc/named.conf, read any initial data, and listen for queries.OPTIONS¶
-4Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is
capable of IPv6. -4 and -6 are mutually exclusive.
-6
Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is
capable of IPv4. -4 and -6 are mutually exclusive.
-c config-file
Use config-file as the configuration
file instead of the default, /etc/named.conf. To ensure that reloading
the configuration file continues to work after the server has changed its
working directory due to to a possible directory option in the
configuration file, config-file should be an absolute pathname.
-d debug-level
Set the daemon's debug level to
debug-level. Debugging traces from named become more verbose as
the debug level increases.
-E engine-name
Use a crypto hardware (OpenSSL engine) for the
crypto operations it supports, for instance re-signing with private keys from
a secure key store. When compiled with PKCS#11 support engine-name
defaults to pkcs11, the empty name resets it to no engine.
-f
Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not
daemonize).
-g
Run the server in the foreground and force all
logging to stderr.
-m flag
Turn on memory usage debugging flags. Possible
flags are usage, trace, record, size, and
mctx. These correspond to the ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX flags described in
<isc/mem.h>.
-n #cpus
Create #cpus worker threads to take
advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified, named will try to
determine the number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU. If it is
unable to determine the number of CPUs, a single worker thread will be
created.
-p port
Listen for queries on port port. If not
specified, the default is port 53.
-s
Write memory usage statistics to stdout
on exit.
-S #max-socks
Note: This option is mainly of interest
to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a future release.
Allow named to use up to
#max-socks sockets.
-t directory
Warning: This option should be
unnecessary for the vast majority of users. The use of this option could even
be harmful because the specified value may exceed the limitation of the
underlying system API. It is therefore set only when the default configuration
causes exhaustion of file descriptors and the operational environment is known
to support the specified number of sockets. Note also that the actual maximum
number is normally a little fewer than the specified value because
named reserves some file descriptors for its internal use.
Chroot to directory after processing
the command line arguments, but before reading the configuration file.
-u user
Warning: This option should be used in
conjunction with the -u option, as chrooting a process running as root
doesn't enhance security on most systems; the way chroot(2) is defined
allows a process with root privileges to escape a chroot jail.
Setuid to user after completing
privileged operations, such as creating sockets that listen on privileged
ports.
-v
Note: On Linux, named uses the
kernel's capability mechanism to drop all root privileges except the ability
to bind(2) to a privileged port and set process resource limits.
Unfortunately, this means that the -u option only works when
named is run on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or later,
since previous kernels did not allow privileges to be retained after
setuid(2).
Report the version number and exit.
-V
Report the version number and build options,
and exit.
-x cache-file
Load data from cache-file into the
cache of the default view.
Warning: This option must not be used.
It is only of interest to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a
future release.
SIGNALS¶
In routine operation, signals should not be used to control the nameserver; rndc should be used instead. SIGHUPForce a reload of the server.
SIGINT, SIGTERM
Shut down the server.
The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
CONFIGURATION¶
The named configuration file is too complex to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided in the BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual. named inherits the umask (file creation mode mask) from the parent process. If files created by named, such as journal files, need to have custom permissions, the umask should be set explicitly in the script used to start the named process.FILES¶
/etc/named.confThe default configuration file.
/var/run/named/named.pid
The default process-id file.
SEE ALSO¶
RFC 1033, RFC 1034, RFC 1035, named-checkconf(8), named-checkzone(8), rndc(8), lwresd(8), named.conf(5), BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual.AUTHOR¶
Internet Systems ConsortiumCOPYRIGHT¶
Copyright © 2004-2009 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")May 21, 2009 | BIND9 |