'\" t
.\"     Title: \fBmysql_upgrade\fR
.\"    Author: [FIXME: author] [see http://docbook.sf.net/el/author]
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
.\"      Date: 04/12/2019
.\"    Manual: MySQL Database System
.\"    Source: MySQL 5.7
.\"  Language: English
.\"
.TH "\FBMYSQL_UPGRADE\FR" "1" "04/12/2019" "MySQL 5\&.7" "MySQL Database System"
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.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.SH "NAME"
mysql_upgrade \- check and upgrade MySQL tables
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.HP \w'\fBmysql_upgrade\ [\fR\fB\fIoptions\fR\fR\fB]\fR\ 'u
\fBmysql_upgrade [\fR\fB\fIoptions\fR\fR\fB]\fR
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.PP
Each time you upgrade MySQL, you should execute
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR, which looks for incompatibilities with the upgraded MySQL server:
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
It upgrades the system tables in the
mysql
schema so that you can take advantage of new privileges or capabilities that might have been added\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
It upgrades the Performance Schema and
sys
schema\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
It examines user schemas\&.
.RE
.PP
If
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
finds that a table has a possible incompatibility, it performs a table check and, if problems are found, attempts a table repair\&. If the table cannot be repaired, see
Section\ \&2.11.12, \(lqRebuilding or Repairing Tables or Indexes\(rq
for manual table repair strategies\&.
.PP
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
communicates directly with the MySQL server, sending it the SQL statements required to perform an upgrade\&.
.if n \{\
.sp
.\}
.RS 4
.it 1 an-trap
.nr an-no-space-flag 1
.nr an-break-flag 1
.br
.ps +1
\fBImportant\fR
.ps -1
.br
.PP
As of MySQL 5\&.7\&.12, the default
\fB\-\-early\-plugin\-load\fR
value is empty\&. To load the
keyring_file
plugin, you must use an explicit
\fB\-\-early\-plugin\-load\fR
option with a nonempty value\&.
.PP
In MySQL 5\&.7\&.11, the default
\fB\-\-early\-plugin\-load\fR
value was the name of the
keyring_file
plugin library file, so that plugin was loaded by default\&.
InnoDB
tablespace encryption requires the
keyring_file
plugin to be loaded prior to
InnoDB
initialization, so this change of default value introduces an incompatibility for upgrades from 5\&.7\&.11 to 5\&.7\&.12 or higher\&. Administrators who have encrypted
InnoDB
tablespaces must take explicit action to ensure continued loading of the
keyring_file
plugin: Start the server with an
\fB\-\-early\-plugin\-load\fR
option that names the plugin library file\&. For additional information, see
Section\ \&6.4.4, \(lqThe MySQL Keyring\(rq\&.
.sp .5v
.RE
.if n \{\
.sp
.\}
.RS 4
.it 1 an-trap
.nr an-no-space-flag 1
.nr an-break-flag 1
.br
.ps +1
\fBImportant\fR
.ps -1
.br
.PP
If you upgrade to MySQL 5\&.7\&.2 or later from a version older than 5\&.7\&.2, a change to the
mysql\&.user
table requires a special sequence of steps to perform an upgrade using
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR\&. For details, see
Section\ \&2.11.3, \(lqChanges in MySQL 5.7\(rq\&.
.sp .5v
.RE
.if n \{\
.sp
.\}
.RS 4
.it 1 an-trap
.nr an-no-space-flag 1
.nr an-break-flag 1
.br
.ps +1
\fBNote\fR
.ps -1
.br
.PP
On Windows, you must run
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
with administrator privileges\&. You can do this by running a Command Prompt as Administrator and running the command\&. Failure to do so may result in the upgrade failing to execute correctly\&.
.sp .5v
.RE
.if n \{\
.sp
.\}
.RS 4
.it 1 an-trap
.nr an-no-space-flag 1
.nr an-break-flag 1
.br
.ps +1
\fBCaution\fR
.ps -1
.br
.PP
You should always back up your current MySQL installation
\fIbefore\fR
performing an upgrade\&. See
Section\ \&7.2, \(lqDatabase Backup Methods\(rq\&.
.PP
Some upgrade incompatibilities may require special handling
\fIbefore\fR
upgrading your MySQL installation and running
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR\&. See
Section\ \&2.11, \(lqUpgrading MySQL\(rq, for instructions on determining whether any such incompatibilities apply to your installation and how to handle them\&.
.sp .5v
.RE
.PP
Use
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
like this:
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04' 1.\h'+01'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP "  1." 4.2
.\}
Ensure that the server is running\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04' 2.\h'+01'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP "  2." 4.2
.\}
Invoke
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
to upgrade the system tables in the
mysql
schema and check and repair tables in other schemas:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
shell> \fBmysql_upgrade [\fR\fB\fIoptions\fR\fR\fB]\fR
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04' 3.\h'+01'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP "  3." 4.2
.\}
Stop the server and restart it so that any system table changes take effect\&.
.RE
.PP
If you have multiple MySQL server instances to upgrade, invoke
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
with connection parameters appropriate for connecting to each of the desired servers\&. For example, with servers running on the local host on parts 3306 through 3308, upgrade each of them by connecting to the appropriate port:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
shell> \fBmysql_upgrade \-\-protocol=tcp \-P 3306 [\fR\fB\fIother_options\fR\fR\fB]\fR
shell> \fBmysql_upgrade \-\-protocol=tcp \-P 3307 [\fR\fB\fIother_options\fR\fR\fB]\fR
shell> \fBmysql_upgrade \-\-protocol=tcp \-P 3308 [\fR\fB\fIother_options\fR\fR\fB]\fR
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
For local host connections on Unix, the
\fB\-\-protocol=tcp\fR
option forces a connection using TCP/IP rather than the Unix socket file\&.
.PP
By default,
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
runs as the MySQL
root
user\&. If the
root
password is expired when you run
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR, you will see a message that your password is expired and that
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
failed as a result\&. To correct this, reset the
root
password to unexpire it and run
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
again\&. First, connect to the server as
root:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
shell> \fBmysql \-u root \-p\fR
Enter password: \fB****\fR  <\- enter root password here
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
Reset the password using
ALTER USER:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
mysql> \fBALTER USER USER() IDENTIFIED BY \*(Aq\fR\fB\fIroot\-password\fR\fR\fB\*(Aq;\fR
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
Then exit
\fBmysql\fR
and run
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
again:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
shell> \fBmysql_upgrade [\fR\fB\fIoptions\fR\fR\fB]\fR
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.sp
.if n \{\
.sp
.\}
.RS 4
.it 1 an-trap
.nr an-no-space-flag 1
.nr an-break-flag 1
.br
.ps +1
\fBNote\fR
.ps -1
.br
.PP
If you run the server with the
disabled_storage_engines
system variable set to disable certain storage engines (for example,
MyISAM),
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
might fail with an error like this:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
mysql_upgrade: [ERROR] 3161: Storage engine MyISAM is disabled
(Table creation is disallowed)\&.
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
To handle this, restart the server with
disabled_storage_engines
disabled\&. Then you should be able to run
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
successfully\&. After that, restart the server with
disabled_storage_engines
set to its original value\&.
.sp .5v
.RE
.PP
Unless invoked with the
\fB\-\-upgrade\-system\-tables\fR
option,
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
processes all tables in all user schemas as necessary\&. Table checking might take a long time to complete\&. Each table is locked and therefore unavailable to other sessions while it is being processed\&. Check and repair operations can be time\-consuming, particularly for large tables\&. Table checking uses the
FOR UPGRADE
option of the
CHECK TABLE
statement\&. For details about what this option entails, see
Section\ \&13.7.2.2, \(lqCHECK TABLE Syntax\(rq\&.
.PP
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
marks all checked and repaired tables with the current MySQL version number\&. This ensures that the next time you run
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
with the same version of the server, it can be determined whether there is any need to check or repair a given table again\&.
.PP
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
saves the MySQL version number in a file named
mysql_upgrade_info
in the data directory\&. This is used to quickly check whether all tables have been checked for this release so that table\-checking can be skipped\&. To ignore this file and perform the check regardless, use the
\fB\-\-force\fR
option\&.
.PP
As of MySQL 5\&.7\&.2,
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
checks
mysql\&.user
system table rows and, for any row with an empty
plugin
column, sets that column to
\*(Aqmysql_native_password\*(Aq
or
\*(Aqmysql_old_password\*(Aq
depending on the hash format of the
Password
column value\&. As of MySQL 5\&.7\&.5, support for pre\-4\&.1 password hashing and
mysql_old_password
was removed, so
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
sets empty
plugin
values to
\*(Aqmysql_native_password\*(Aq
if the credentials use a hash format compatible with that plugin\&. Rows with a pre\-4\&.1 password hash must be upgraded manually\&. For account upgrade instructions, see
Section\ \&6.4.1.3, \(lqMigrating Away from Pre-4.1 Password Hashing and the mysql_old_password Plugin\(rq\&.
.PP
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
does not upgrade the contents of the time zone tables or help tables\&. For upgrade instructions, see
Section\ \&5.1.12, \(lqMySQL Server Time Zone Support\(rq, and
Section\ \&5.1.13, \(lqServer-Side Help Support\(rq\&.
.PP
As of MySQL 5\&.7\&.7, unless invoked with the
\fB\-\-skip\-sys\-schema\fR
option,
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
installs the
sys
schema if it is not installed, and upgrades it to the current version otherwise\&. An error occurs if a
sys
schema exists but has no
version
view, on the assumption that its absence indicates a user\-created schema:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
A sys schema exists with no sys\&.version view\&. If
you have a user created sys schema, this must be renamed for the
upgrade to succeed\&.
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
To upgrade in this case, remove or rename the existing
sys
schema first\&.
.PP
In MySQL 5\&.7\&.9 and later,
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
checks for partitioned
InnoDB
tables that were created using the generic partitioning handler and attempts to upgrade them to
InnoDB
native partitioning (used in MySQL 5\&.7\&.6 and later)\&. (Bug #76734, Bug #20727344) Also beginning with MySQL 5\&.7\&.9, you can upgrade such tables individually in the
\fBmysql\fR
client using the
ALTER TABLE \&.\&.\&. UPGRADE PARTITIONING
SQL statement\&.
.PP
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
supports the following options, which can be specified on the command line or in the
[mysql_upgrade]
and
[client]
groups of an option file\&. For information about option files used by MySQL programs, see
Section\ \&4.2.6, \(lqUsing Option Files\(rq\&.
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-help\fR
.sp
Display a short help message and exit\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-basedir=\fR\fB\fIdir_name\fR\fR
.sp
The path to the MySQL installation directory\&. This option was removed in MySQL 5\&.7\&.2\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-bind\-address=\fR\fB\fIip_address\fR\fR
.sp
On a computer having multiple network interfaces, use this option to select which interface to use for connecting to the MySQL server\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-character\-sets\-dir=\fR\fB\fIdir_name\fR\fR
.sp
The directory where character sets are installed\&. See
Section\ \&10.14, \(lqCharacter Set Configuration\(rq\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-compress\fR,
\fB\-C\fR
.sp
Compress all information sent between the client and the server if both support compression\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-datadir=\fR\fB\fIdir_name\fR\fR
.sp
The path to the data directory\&. This option was removed in MySQL 5\&.7\&.2\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-debug[=\fR\fB\fIdebug_options\fR\fR\fB]\fR,
\fB\-# [\fR\fB\fIdebug_options\fR\fR\fB]\fR
.sp
Write a debugging log\&. A typical
\fIdebug_options\fR
string is
d:t:o,\fIfile_name\fR\&. The default is
d:t:O,/tmp/mysql_upgrade\&.trace\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-debug\-check\fR
.sp
Print some debugging information when the program exits\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-debug\-info\fR,
\fB\-T\fR
.sp
Print debugging information and memory and CPU usage statistics when the program exits\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-default\-auth=\fR\fB\fIplugin\fR\fR
.sp
A hint about the client\-side authentication plugin to use\&. See
Section\ \&6.2.13, \(lqPluggable Authentication\(rq\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-default\-character\-set=\fR\fB\fIcharset_name\fR\fR
.sp
Use
\fIcharset_name\fR
as the default character set\&. See
Section\ \&10.14, \(lqCharacter Set Configuration\(rq\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-defaults\-extra\-file=\fR\fB\fIfile_name\fR\fR
.sp
Read this option file after the global option file but (on Unix) before the user option file\&. If the file does not exist or is otherwise inaccessible, an error occurs\&.
\fIfile_name\fR
is interpreted relative to the current directory if given as a relative path name rather than a full path name\&.
.sp
For additional information about this and other option\-file options, see
Section\ \&4.2.7, \(lqCommand-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling\(rq\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-defaults\-file=\fR\fB\fIfile_name\fR\fR
.sp
Use only the given option file\&. If the file does not exist or is otherwise inaccessible, an error occurs\&.
\fIfile_name\fR
is interpreted relative to the current directory if given as a relative path name rather than a full path name\&.
.sp
For additional information about this and other option\-file options, see
Section\ \&4.2.7, \(lqCommand-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling\(rq\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-defaults\-group\-suffix=\fR\fB\fIstr\fR\fR
.sp
Read not only the usual option groups, but also groups with the usual names and a suffix of
\fIstr\fR\&. For example,
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
normally reads the
[client]
and
[mysql_upgrade]
groups\&. If the
\fB\-\-defaults\-group\-suffix=_other\fR
option is given,
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
also reads the
[client_other]
and
[mysql_upgrade_other]
groups\&.
.sp
For additional information about this and other option\-file options, see
Section\ \&4.2.7, \(lqCommand-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling\(rq\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-force\fR
.sp
Ignore the
mysql_upgrade_info
file and force execution even if
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
has already been executed for the current version of MySQL\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-host=\fR\fB\fIhost_name\fR\fR,
\fB\-h \fR\fB\fIhost_name\fR\fR
.sp
Connect to the MySQL server on the given host\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-login\-path=\fR\fB\fIname\fR\fR
.sp
Read options from the named login path in the
\&.mylogin\&.cnf
login path file\&. A
\(lqlogin path\(rq
is an option group containing options that specify which MySQL server to connect to and which account to authenticate as\&. To create or modify a login path file, use the
\fBmysql_config_editor\fR
utility\&. See
\fBmysql_config_editor\fR(1)\&.
.sp
For additional information about this and other option\-file options, see
Section\ \&4.2.7, \(lqCommand-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling\(rq\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-max\-allowed\-packet=\fR\fB\fIvalue\fR\fR
.sp
The maximum size of the buffer for client/server communication\&. The default value is 24MB\&. The minimum and maximum values are 4KB and 2GB\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-net\-buffer\-length=\fR\fB\fIvalue\fR\fR
.sp
The initial size of the buffer for client/server communication\&. The default value is 1MB − 1KB\&. The minimum and maximum values are 4KB and 16MB\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-no\-defaults\fR
.sp
Do not read any option files\&. If program startup fails due to reading unknown options from an option file,
\fB\-\-no\-defaults\fR
can be used to prevent them from being read\&.
.sp
The exception is that the
\&.mylogin\&.cnf
file, if it exists, is read in all cases\&. This permits passwords to be specified in a safer way than on the command line even when
\fB\-\-no\-defaults\fR
is used\&. (\&.mylogin\&.cnf
is created by the
\fBmysql_config_editor\fR
utility\&. See
\fBmysql_config_editor\fR(1)\&.)
.sp
For additional information about this and other option\-file options, see
Section\ \&4.2.7, \(lqCommand-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling\(rq\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-password[=\fR\fB\fIpassword\fR\fR\fB]\fR,
\fB\-p[\fR\fB\fIpassword\fR\fR\fB]\fR
.sp
The password to use when connecting to the server\&. If you use the short option form (\fB\-p\fR), you
\fIcannot\fR
have a space between the option and the password\&. If you omit the
\fIpassword\fR
value following the
\fB\-\-password\fR
or
\fB\-p\fR
option on the command line,
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
prompts for one\&.
.sp
Specifying a password on the command line should be considered insecure\&. See
Section\ \&6.1.2.1, \(lqEnd-User Guidelines for Password Security\(rq\&. You can use an option file to avoid giving the password on the command line\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-pipe\fR,
\fB\-W\fR
.sp
On Windows, connect to the server using a named pipe\&. This option applies only if the server supports named\-pipe connections\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-plugin\-dir=\fR\fB\fIdir_name\fR\fR
.sp
The directory in which to look for plugins\&. Specify this option if the
\fB\-\-default\-auth\fR
option is used to specify an authentication plugin but
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
does not find it\&. See
Section\ \&6.2.13, \(lqPluggable Authentication\(rq\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-port=\fR\fB\fIport_num\fR\fR,
\fB\-P \fR\fB\fIport_num\fR\fR
.sp
The TCP/IP port number to use for the connection\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-print\-defaults\fR
.sp
Print the program name and all options that it gets from option files\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-protocol={TCP|SOCKET|PIPE|MEMORY}\fR
.sp
The connection protocol to use for connecting to the server\&. It is useful when the other connection parameters normally would cause a protocol to be used other than the one you want\&. For details on the permissible values, see
Section\ \&4.2.2, \(lqConnecting to the MySQL Server\(rq\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-shared\-memory\-base\-name=\fR\fB\fIname\fR\fR
.sp
On Windows, the shared\-memory name to use, for connections made using shared memory to a local server\&. The default value is
MYSQL\&. The shared\-memory name is case\-sensitive\&.
.sp
The server must be started with the
\fB\-\-shared\-memory\fR
option to enable shared\-memory connections\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-skip\-sys\-schema\fR
.sp
By default,
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
installs the
sys
schema if it is not installed, and upgrades it to the current version otherwise\&. The
\fB\-\-skip\-sys\-schema\fR
option suppresses this behavior\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-socket=\fR\fB\fIpath\fR\fR,
\fB\-S \fR\fB\fIpath\fR\fR
.sp
For connections to
localhost, the Unix socket file to use, or, on Windows, the name of the named pipe to use\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-ssl*\fR
.sp
Options that begin with
\fB\-\-ssl\fR
specify whether to connect to the server using SSL and indicate where to find SSL keys and certificates\&. See
Section\ \&6.3.2, \(lqCommand Options for Encrypted Connections\(rq\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-tls\-version=\fR\fB\fIprotocol_list\fR\fR
.sp
The protocols the client permits for encrypted connections\&. The value is a list of one or more comma\-separated protocol names\&. The protocols that can be named for this option depend on the SSL library used to compile MySQL\&. For details, see
Section\ \&6.3.6, \(lqEncrypted Connection Protocols and Ciphers\(rq\&.
.sp
This option was added in MySQL 5\&.7\&.10\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-tmpdir=\fR\fB\fIdir_name\fR\fR,
\fB\-t \fR\fB\fIdir_name\fR\fR
.sp
The path name of the directory to use for creating temporary files\&. This option was removed in MySQL 5\&.7\&.5 due to a reimplementation that no longer uses temporary files\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-upgrade\-system\-tables\fR,
\fB\-s\fR
.sp
Upgrade only the system tables in the
mysql
schema, do not upgrade user schemas\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-user=\fR\fB\fIuser_name\fR\fR,
\fB\-u \fR\fB\fIuser_name\fR\fR
.sp
The MySQL user name to use when connecting to the server\&. The default user name is
root\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-verbose\fR
.sp
Verbose mode\&. Print more information about what the program does\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-version\-check\fR,
\fB\-k\fR
.sp
Check the version of the server to which
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
is connecting to verify that it is the same as the version for which
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
was built\&. If not,
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
exits\&. This option is enabled by default; to disable the check, use
\fB\-\-skip\-version\-check\fR\&.
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
\fB\-\-write\-binlog\fR
.sp
By default, binary logging by
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR
is disabled\&. Invoke the program with
\fB\-\-write\-binlog\fR
if you want its actions to be written to the binary log\&.
.sp
When the server is running with global transaction identifiers (GTIDs) enabled (gtid_mode=ON), do not enable binary logging by
\fBmysql_upgrade\fR\&.
.RE
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.br
.PP
Copyright \(co 1997, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
.PP
This documentation is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it only under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
.PP
This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
.PP
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with the program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA or see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
.sp
.SH "SEE ALSO"
For more information, please refer to the MySQL Reference Manual,
which may already be installed locally and which is also available
online at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/.
.SH AUTHOR
Oracle Corporation (http://dev.mysql.com/).