.\" Man page generated from reStructuredText.
.
.TH "GMT" "1gmt" "May 21, 2019" "5.4.5" "GMT"
.SH NAME
gmt \- The Generic Mapping Tools data processing and display software package
.
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..
.SH INTRODUCTION
.sp
GMT is a collection of public\-domain Unix tools that allows you to
manipulate x,y and x,y,z data sets (filtering, trend fitting, gridding,
projecting, etc.) and produce PostScript illustrations ranging from
simple x\-y plots, via contour maps, to artificially illuminated surfaces
and 3\-D perspective views in black/white or full color. Linear, log10,
and power scaling is supported in addition to over 30 common map
projections. The processing and display routines within GMT are
completely general and will handle any (x,y) or (x,y,z) data as input.
.SH SYNOPSIS
.sp
\fBgmt\fP is the main program that can start any of the modules:
.sp
\fBgmt\fP module module\-options
.sp
where module is the name of a GMT module and the options are those
that pertain to that particular module.  A few special modules
are also available:
.sp
\fBgmt clear\fP \fIitems\fP
.sp
while delete the user\(aqs history.  Choose between \fIhistory\fP (deletes the
gmt.history file in the current directory), \fIconf\fP (deletes the gmt.conf
file in the current directory), \fIcache\fP (deletes the user\(aqs cache directory
and all of its content), or \fIall\fP (does all of the above).
.sp
If no module is given then
several other options are available:
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-\fP\fB\-help\fP
List and description of GMT modules.
.TP
\fB\-\fP\fB\-show\-cores\fP
Show number of available cores.
.TP
\fB\-\fP\fB\-show\-bindir\fP
Show directory of executables and exit.
.TP
\fB\-\fP\fB\-show\-datadir\fP
Show data directory/ies and exit.
.TP
\fB\-\fP\fB\-show\-modules\fP
List module names on stdout and exit.
.TP
\fB\-\fP\fB\-show\-plugindir\fP
Show plugin directory and exit.
.TP
\fB\-\fP\fB\-show\-sharedir\fP
Show share directory and exit.
.TP
\fB\-\fP\fB\-version\fP
Print version and exit.
.TP
\fB=\fP
Check if that module exist and if so the
program will exit with status of 0; otherwise the status of exit will
be non\-zero.
.UNINDENT
.SH COMMAND-LINE COMPLETION
.sp
GMT provides basic command\-line completion (tab completion) for bash.
The completion rules are either installed in \fB/etc/bash_completion.d/gmt\fP
or \fB<prefix>/share/tools/gmt_completion.bash\fP\&.  Depending on the
distribution, you may still need to source the gmt completion file from
\fB~/.bash_completion\fP or \fB~/.bashrc\fP\&.  For more information see Section
command\-line\-completion in the CookBook.
.SH GMT OVERVIEW
.sp
The following is a summary of all the programs supplied with GMT and
a very short description of their purpose. Detailed information about
each program can be found in the separate manual pages.
.TS
center;
|l|l|.
_
T{
\fBblockmean\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBblockmedian\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBblockmode\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBfilter1d\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBfitcircle\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgmt2kml\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgmtconnect\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgmtconvert\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgmtdefaults\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgmtget\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgmtinfo\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgmtmath\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgmtselect\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgmtset\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgmtspatial\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgmtsimplify\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgmtvector\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgmtwhich\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrd2cpt\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrd2rgb\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrd2xyz\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdblend\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdclip\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdcontour\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdconvert\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdcut\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdedit\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdfft\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdfilter\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdgradient\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdhisteq\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdimage\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdinfo\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdlandmask\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdmask\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdmath\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdpaste\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdproject\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdraster\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdsample\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdtrack\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdtrend\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdvector\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdview\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdvolume\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgreenspline\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBkml2gmt\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBmakecpt\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBmapproject\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBnearneighbor\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBproject\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBpsbasemap\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBpsclip\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBpscoast\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBpscontour\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBpsconvert\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBpshistogram\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBpsimage\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBpslegend\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBpsmask\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBpsrose\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBpsscale\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBpstext\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBpswiggle\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBpsxy\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBpsxyz\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBsample1d\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBspectrum1d\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBsplitxyz\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBsurface\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBtrend1d\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBtrend2d\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBtriangulate\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBxyz2grd\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
T}	T{
Supplement \fIgshhg\fP:
T}
_
T{
\fBgshhg\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
T}	T{
Supplement \fIimg\fP:
T}
_
T{
\fBimg2grd\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
T}	T{
Supplement \fImeca\fP:
T}
_
T{
\fBpscoupe\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBpsmeca\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBpspolar\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBpsvelo\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBpssac\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
T}	T{
Supplement \fImgd77\fP:
T}
_
T{
\fBmgd77convert\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBmgd77header\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBmgd77info\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBmgd77list\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBmgd77magref\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBmgd77manage\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBmgd77path\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBmgd77sniffer\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBmgd77track\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
T}	T{
Supplement \fIpotential\fP:
T}
_
T{
\fBgmtgravmag3d\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgmtflexure\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgpsgridder\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgravfft\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdflexure\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdgravmag3d\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdredpol\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdseamount\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBtalwani2d\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBtalwani3d\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
T}	T{
Supplement \fIsegy\fP:
T}
_
T{
\fBpssegy\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBpssegyz\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBsegy2grd\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
T}	T{
Supplement \fIsph\fP:
T}
_
T{
\fBsphdistance\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBsphinterpolate\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBsphtriangulate\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
T}	T{
Supplement \fIspotter\fP:
T}
_
T{
\fBbacktracker\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgmtpmodeler\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdpmodeler\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdrotater\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBgrdspotter\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBhotspotter\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBoriginator\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBrotconverter\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBrotsmoother\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
T}	T{
Supplement \fIx2sys\fP:
T}
_
T{
\fBx2sys_binlist\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBx2sys_cross\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBx2sys_datalist\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBx2sys_get\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBx2sys_init\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBx2sys_list\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBx2sys_merge\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBx2sys_put\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBx2sys_report\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
T{
\fBx2sys_solve\fP
T}	T{
T}
_
.TE
.SH CUSTOM MODULES
.sp
The \fBgmt\fP program can also load custom modules from shared libraries
built as specified in the GMT API documentation.  This way your modules
can benefit form the GMT infrastructure and extend GMT in specific ways.
.SH THE COMMON GMT OPTIONS
.sp
 \fB\-B\fP[\fBp\fP|\fBs\fP]\fIparameters\fP
\fB\-J\fP\fIparameters\fP
\fB\-Jz\fP|\fBZ\fP\fIparameters\fP \fB\-K\fP \fB\-O\fP \fB\-P\fP
 \fB\-R\fP\fIwest\fP/\fIeast\fP/\fIsouth\fP/\fInorth\fP[/\fIzmin\fP/\fIzmax\fP][\fB+r\fP]
 \fB\-U\fP[\fIstamp\fP]
 \fB\-V\fP[\fIlevel\fP]
 \fB\-X\fP\fIx_offset\fP
 \fB\-Y\fP\fIy_offset\fP
\fB\-a\fP\fI\%flags\fP
\fB\-b\fP\fI\%binary\fP
\fB\-d\fP\fI\%nodata\fP
\fB\-f\fP\fI\%flags\fP
\fB\-g\fP\fI\%gaps\fP
\fB\-h\fP\fI\%headers\fP
\fB\-i\fP\fI\%flags\fP
\fB\-n\fP\fI\%flags\fP
\fB\-o\fP\fI\%flags\fP
\fB\-p\fP\fI\%flags\fP
\fB\-r\fP
\fB\-s\fP\fI\%flags\fP
\fB\-t\fP\fI\%transp\fP
\fB\-x\fP[[\-]\fIn\fP]
\fB\-:\fP[\fBi\fP|\fBo\fP]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.sp
These are all the common GMT options that remain the same for all GMT
programs. No space between the option flag and the associated arguments.
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-B\fP[\fBp\fP|\fBs\fP]\fIparameters\fP
Set map Frame and Axes parameters. The Frame parameters are specified by
.sp
\fB\-B\fP[\fIaxes\fP][\fB+b\fP][\fB+g\fP\fIfill\fP][\fB+n\fP][\fB+o\fP\fIlon/lat\fP][\fB+t\fP\fItitle\fP]
.sp
where \fIaxes\fP selects which axes to plot. By default, all 4 map boundaries
(or plot axes) are plotted (named \fBW\fP, \fBE\fP, \fBS\fP, \fBN\fP). To customize,
append the codes for those you want (e.g., \fBWSn\fP). Upper case means plot
and annotate while lower case just plots the specified axes.  If a 3\-D basemap
is selected with \fB\-p\fP and \fB\-Jz\fP, append \fBZ\fP or \fBz\fP to control the
appearance of the vertical axis. By default a single vertical axes will be
plotted at the most suitable map corner. Override the default by appending
any combination of corner ids \fB1234\fP, where \fB1\fP represents the lower left
corner and the order goes counter\-clockwise. Append \fB+b\fP to draw the outline of the 3\-D
cube defined by \fB\-R\fP; this modifier is also needed to display gridlines in
the x\-z, y\-z planes. Note that for 3\-D views the title, if given, will be
suppressed. You can paint the interior of the canvas with \fB+g\fP\fIfill\fP\&.
Append \fB+n\fP to have no frame and annotations at all [Default is controlled by the codes].
Optionally append \fB+o\fP\fIplon/plat\fP to draw oblique gridlines about
specified pole [regular gridlines]. Ignored if gridlines are not
requested (below) and disallowed for the oblique Mercator projection.
To add a plot title (\fB+t\fP\fItitle\fP). The Frame setting is optional but
can be invoked once to override the above defaults.
.sp
The Axes parameters are specified by
.sp
\fB\-B\fP[\fBp\fP|\fBs\fP][\fBx\fP|\fBy\fP|\fBz\fP]\fIintervals\fP[\fB+l\fP|\fBL\fP\fIlabel\fP][\fB+p\fP\fIprefix\fP][\fB+u\fP\fIunit\fP]
.sp
but you may also split this into two separate invocations for clarity, i.e.,
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\-B\fP[\fBp\fP|\fBs\fP][\fBx\fP|\fBy\fP|\fBz\fP][\fB+l\fP|\fBL\fP\fIlabel\fP][\fB+p\fP\fIprefix\fP][\fB+u\fP\fIunit\fP]
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\-B\fP[\fBp\fP|\fBs\fP][\fBx\fP|\fBy\fP|\fBz\fP]\fIintervals\fP
.sp
The first optional flag following \fB\-B\fP selects \fBp\fP (rimary) [Default] or
\fBs\fP (econdary) axes information (mostly used for time axes annotations).
The [\fBx\fP|\fBy\fP|\fBz\fP] flags specify which axes you are providing information for.
If none are given then we default to \fBxy\fP\&.  If you wish to give different annotation intervals
or labels for the various axes then you must repeat the \fBB\fP option for
each axis (If a 3\-D basemap is selected with \fB\-p\fP and \fB\-Jz\fP, use \fB\-Bz\fP
to give settings for the vertical axis.).  To add a label to an axis,
just append \fB+l\fP\fIlabel\fP (Cartesian projections only). Use \fB+L\fP to
force a horizontal label for \fIy\fP\-axes (useful for very short labels).  If the
axis annotation should have a leading text prefix (e.g., dollar sign for those
plots of your net worth) you can append \fB+p\fP\fIprefix\fP\&. For geographic maps
the addition of degree symbols, etc. is automatic (and controlled by the GMT
default setting FORMAT_GEO_MAP). However, for other plots you can add
specific units by adding \fB+u\fP\fIunit\fP\&.  If any of these text strings contain
spaces or special characters you will need to enclose them in quotes.
The \fIintervals\fP specification is a concatenated string made up of substrings
of the form
.sp
[\fBa\fP|\fBf\fP|\fBg\fP]\fIstride\fP[\fI+\-phase\fP][\fBu\fP].
.sp
The leading \fBa\fP is used to specify the annotation and major tick
spacing [Default], \fBf\fP for minor tick spacing, and \fBg\fP for
gridline spacing. \fIstride\fP is the desired stride interval. The
optional \fIphase\fP shifts the annotation interval by that amount
(positive or negative). The optional \fIunit\fP indicates the unit of
the \fIstride\fP and can be any of
.INDENT 2.0
.IP \(bu 2
\fBY\fP (year, plot with 4 digits)
.IP \(bu 2
\fBy\fP (year, plot with 2 digits)
.IP \(bu 2
\fBO\fP (month, plot using FORMAT_DATE_MAP)
.IP \(bu 2
\fBo\fP (month, plot with 2 digits)
.IP \(bu 2
\fBU\fP (ISO week, plot using FORMAT_DATE_MAP)
.IP \(bu 2
\fBu\fP (ISO week, plot using 2 digits)
.IP \(bu 2
\fBr\fP (Gregorian week, 7\-day stride from start of week TIME_WEEK_START)
.IP \(bu 2
\fBK\fP (ISO weekday, plot name of day)
.IP \(bu 2
\fBD\fP (date, plot using FORMAT_DATE_MAP)
.IP \(bu 2
\fBd\fP (day, plot day of month 0\-31 or year 1\-366, via FORMAT_DATE_MAP)
.IP \(bu 2
\fBR\fP (day, same as \fBd\fP, aligned with TIME_WEEK_START)
.IP \(bu 2
\fBH\fP (hour, plot using FORMAT_CLOCK_MAP)
.IP \(bu 2
\fBh\fP (hour, plot with 2 digits)
.IP \(bu 2
\fBM\fP (minute, plot using FORMAT_CLOCK_MAP)
.IP \(bu 2
\fBm\fP (minute, plot with 2 digits)
.IP \(bu 2
\fBS\fP (second, plot using FORMAT_CLOCK_MAP)
.IP \(bu 2
\fBs\fP (second, plot with 2 digits).
.UNINDENT
.sp
Note for geographic axes \fBm\fP and \fBs\fP instead mean arc minutes and arc seconds.
All entities that are language\-specific are under control
by GMT_LANGUAGE\&. Alternatively, for linear maps, we can omit \fIstride\fP, thus setting
\fIxinfo\fP, \fIyinfo\fP, or \fIzinfo\fP to \fBa\fP plots annotations at
automatically determined intervals,
.INDENT 2.0
.IP \(bu 2
\fBag\fP plots both annotations and grid lines with the same spacing,
.IP \(bu 2
\fBafg\fP adds suitable minor tick intervals,
.IP \(bu 2
\fBg\fP plots grid lines with the same interval as if \fB\-Bf\fP was used.
.UNINDENT
.sp
For custom annotations and intervals, let \fIintervals\fP be given as
\fBc\fP\fIintfile\fP, where \fIintfile\fP contains any number of
records with \fIcoord\fP \fItype\fP [\fIlabel\fP]. Here, \fItype\fP is one or more
letters from \fBa\fP|\fBi\fP, \fBf\fP, and \fBg\fP\&. For
\fBa\fP|\fBi\fP you must supply a \fIlabel\fP that will be plotted at
the \fIcoord\fP location. 
For non\-geographical projections: Give negative scale (in \fB\-Jx\fP)
or axis length (in \fB\-JX\fP) to change the direction of increasing
coordinates (i.e., to make the y\-axis positive down). 
For log10 axes: Annotations can be specified in one of three ways:
.INDENT 2.0
.IP 1. 3
\fIstride\fP can be 1, 2, 3, or \-\fIn\fP\&. Annotations will then occur at 1,
1\-2\-5, or 1\-2\-3\-4\-...\-9, respectively; for \-\fIn\fP we annotate every
\fIn\fP\(aqt magnitude. This option can also be used for the frame and
grid intervals.
.IP 2. 3
An \fBl\fP is appended to the \fItickinfo\fP string. Then, log10 of the
tick value is plotted at every integer log10 value.
.IP 3. 3
A \fBp\fP is appended to the \fItickinfo\fP string. Then,
annotations appear as 10 raised to log10 of the tick value.
.UNINDENT
.sp
For power axes: Annotations can be specified in one of two ways:
.INDENT 2.0
.IP 1. 3
\fIstride\fP sets the regular annotation interval.
.IP 2. 3
A \fBp\fP is appended to the \fItickinfo\fP string. Then, the annotation interval is
expected to be in transformed units, but the annotation value will
be plotted as untransformed units. E.g., if \fIstride\fP = 1 and \fIpower\fP
= 0.5 (i.e., sqrt), then equidistant annotations labeled 1\-4\-9...  will appear.
.UNINDENT
.sp
These GMT parameters can affect the appearance of the map boundary:
MAP_ANNOT_MIN_ANGLE, MAP_ANNOT_MIN_SPACING,
FONT_ANNOT_PRIMARY, FONT_ANNOT_SECONDARY,
MAP_ANNOT_OFFSET_PRIMARY,
MAP_ANNOT_OFFSET_SECONDARY,
MAP_ANNOT_ORTHO, MAP_FRAME_AXES, MAP_DEFAULT_PEN,
MAP_FRAME_TYPE, FORMAT_GEO_MAP, MAP_FRAME_PEN,
MAP_FRAME_WIDTH, MAP_GRID_CROSS_SIZE_PRIMARY,
MAP_GRID_PEN_PRIMARY, MAP_GRID_CROSS_SIZE_SECONDARY,
MAP_GRID_PEN_SECONDARY, FONT_TITLE, FONT_LABEL,
MAP_LINE_STEP, MAP_ANNOT_OBLIQUE,
FORMAT_CLOCK_MAP, FORMAT_DATE_MAP,
FORMAT_TIME_PRIMARY_MAP, FORMAT_TIME_SECONDARY_MAP,
GMT_LANGUAGE, TIME_WEEK_START,
MAP_TICK_LENGTH_PRIMARY,
and MAP_TICK_PEN_PRIMARY; see the gmt.conf man page for details.
.UNINDENT
.sp
\fB\-J\fP\fIparameters\fP
.sp
Select map projection. The following character determines the
projection. If the character is upper case then the argument(s) supplied
as scale(s) is interpreted to be the map width (or axis lengths), else
the scale argument(s) is the map scale (see its definition for each
projection). UNIT is cm, inch, or point, depending on the
PROJ_LENGTH_UNIT setting in \fBgmt.conf\fP, but this can be
overridden on the command line by appending \fBc\fP, \fBi\fP, or \fBp\fP to
the \fIscale\fP or \fIwidth\fP values. Append \fBh\fP, \fB+\fP, or \fB\-\fP to the
given \fIwidth\fP if you instead want to set map height, the maximum
dimension, or the minimum dimension, respectively [Default is \fBw\fP for width].
In case the central meridian is an optional parameter and it is being
omitted, then the center of the longitude range given by the \fB\-R\fP
option is used. The default standard parallel is the equator.
The ellipsoid used in the map projections is user\-definable by editing
the \fBgmt.conf\fP file in your home directory. 73 commonly used
ellipsoids and spheroids are currently supported, and users may also
specify their own custom ellipsoid parameters [Default is WGS\-84].
Several GMT parameters can affect the projection: PROJ_ELLIPSOID,
GMT_INTERPOLANT, PROJ_SCALE_FACTOR, and
PROJ_LENGTH_UNIT; see the gmt.conf man page for details.
Choose one of the following projections (The \fBE\fP or \fBC\fP after
projection names stands for Equal\-Area and Conformal, respectively):
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
\fBCYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS:\fP
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
\fB\-Jc\fP\fIlon0/lat0/scale\fP or \fB\-JC\fP\fIlon0/lat0/width\fP (Cassini).
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
Give projection center \fIlon0/lat0\fP and \fIscale\fP (\fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or UNIT/degree).
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
\fB\-Jcyl_stere\fP/[\fIlon0/\fP[\fIlat0/\fP]]\fIscale\fP or
\fB\-JCyl_stere\fP/[\fIlon0/\fP[\fIlat0/\fP]]\fIwidth\fP (Cylindrical Stereographic).
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
Give central meridian \fIlon0\fP (optional), standard parallel \fIlat0\fP
(optional), and \fIscale\fP along parallel (\fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or
UNIT/degree). The standard parallel is typically one of these (but
can be any value):
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.INDENT 0.0
.IP \(bu 2
66.159467 \- Miller\(aqs modified Gall
.IP \(bu 2
55 \- Kamenetskiy\(aqs First
.IP \(bu 2
45 \- Gall\(aqs Stereographic
.IP \(bu 2
30 \- Bolshoi Sovietskii Atlas Mira or Kamenetskiy\(aqs Second
.IP \(bu 2
0 \- Braun\(aqs Cylindrical
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
\fB\-Jj\fP[\fIlon0/\fP]\fIscale\fP or \fB\-JJ\fP[\fIlon0/\fP]\fIwidth\fP (Miller Cylindrical Projection).
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
Give the central meridian \fIlon0\fP (optional) and \fIscale\fP
(\fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or UNIT/degree).
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
\fB\-Jm\fP[\fIlon0/\fP[\fIlat0/\fP]]\fIscale\fP or \fB\-JM\fP[\fIlon0/\fP[\fIlat0/\fP]]\fIwidth\fP (Mercator \fB[C]\fP)
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
Give central meridian \fIlon0\fP (optional), standard parallel \fIlat0\fP
(optional), and \fIscale\fP along parallel (\fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or UNIT/degree).
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
\fB\-Jo\fP\fIparameters\fP (Oblique Mercator \fB[C]\fP).
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
Typically used with \fB\-R\fP\fILLx/LLy/URx/URy\fP\fBr\fP or with projected coordinates.  Specify one of:
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-Jo\fP[\fBa\fP|\fBA\fP]\fIlon0/lat0/azimuth/scale\fP or \fB\-JO\fP[\fBa\fP|\fBA\fP]\fIlon0/lat0/azimuth/width\fP
Set projection center \fIlon0/lat0\fP, \fIazimuth\fP of oblique equator, and \fIscale\fP\&.
.TP
\fB\-Jo\fP[\fBb\fP|\fBB\fP]\fIlon0/lat0/lon1/lat1/scale\fP or \fB\-JO\fP[\fBb\fP|\fBB\fP]\fIlon0/lat0/lon1/lat1/scale\fP
Set projection center \fIlon0/lat0\fP, another point on the oblique
equator \fIlon1/lat1\fP, and \fIscale\fP\&.
.TP
\fB\-Joc\fP|\fBC\fP\fIlon0/lat0/lonp/latp/scale\fP or \fB\-JOc\fP|\fBC\fP\fIlon0/lat0/lonp/latp/scale\fP
Set projection center \fIlon0/lat0\fP, pole of oblique projection
\fIlonp/latp\fP, and \fIscale\fP\&.
Give \fIscale\fP along oblique equator (\fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or UNIT/degree).
The upper\-case \fBA\fP|\fBB\fP|\fBC\fP to removes enforcement of a northern hemisphere pole.
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
\fB\-Jq\fP[\fIlon0/\fP[\fIlat0/\fP]]\fIscale\fP or
\fB\-JQ\fP[\fIlon0/\fP[\fIlat0/\fP]]\fIwidth\fP (Cylindrical Equidistant).
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
Give the central meridian \fIlon0\fP (optional), standard parallel
\fIlat0\fP (optional), and \fIscale\fP (\fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or UNIT/degree). The
standard parallel is typically one of these (but can be any value):
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.INDENT 0.0
.IP \(bu 2
61.7 \- Grafarend and Niermann, minimum linear distortion
.IP \(bu 2
50.5 \- Ronald Miller Equirectangular
.IP \(bu 2
43.5 \- Ronald Miller, minimum continental distortion
.IP \(bu 2
42 \- Grafarend and Niermann
.IP \(bu 2
37.5 \- Ronald Miller, minimum overall distortion
.IP \(bu 2
0 \- Plate Carree, Simple Cylindrical, Plain/Plane Chart
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
\fB\-Jt\fP\fIlon0/\fP[\fIlat0/\fP]\fIscale\fP or
\fB\-JT\fP\fIlon0/\fP[\fIlat0/\fP]\fIwidth\fP (Transverse Mercator \fB[C]\fP)
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
Give the central meridian \fIlon0\fP, central parallel \fIlat0\fP
(optional), and \fIscale\fP (\fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or UNIT/degree).
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
\fB\-Ju\fP\fIzone/scale\fP or \fB\-JU\fP\fIzone/width\fP (UTM \- Universal Transverse Mercator \fB[C]\fP).
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
Give the UTM zone (A,B,1\-60[C\-X],Y,Z)) and \fIscale\fP (\fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or UNIT/degree).
Zones: If C\-X not given, prepend \- or + to enforce southern or
northern hemisphere conventions [northern if south > 0].
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
\fB\-Jy\fP[\fIlon0/\fP[\fIlat0/\fP]]\fIscale\fP or \fB\-JY\fP[\fIlon0/\fP[\fIlat0/\fP]]\fIwidth\fP (Cylindrical Equal\-Area \fB[E]\fP).
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
Give the central meridian \fIlon0\fP (optional), standard parallel
\fIlat0\fP (optional), and \fIscale\fP (\fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or UNIT/degree). The
standard parallel is typically one of these (but can be any value):
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.INDENT 0.0
.IP \(bu 2
50 \- Balthasart
.IP \(bu 2
45 \- Gall
.IP \(bu 2
37.0666 \- Caster
.IP \(bu 2
37.4 \- Trystan Edwards
.IP \(bu 2
37.5 \- Hobo\-Dyer
.IP \(bu 2
30 \- Behrman
.IP \(bu 2
0 \- Lambert (default)
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.sp
\fBCONIC PROJECTIONS:\fP
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-Jb\fP\fIlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale\fP or \fB\-JB\fP\fIlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/width\fP (Albers \fB[E]\fP).
Give projection center \fIlon0/lat0\fP, two standard parallels
\fIlat1/lat2\fP, and \fIscale\fP (\fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or UNIT/degree).
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-Jd\fP\fIlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale\fP or \fB\-JD\fP\fIlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/width\fP (Conic Equidistant)
Give projection center \fIlon0/lat0\fP, two standard parallels
\fIlat1/lat2\fP, and \fIscale\fP (\fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or UNIT/degree).
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-Jl\fP\fIlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale\fP or \fB\-JL\fP\fIlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/width\fP (Lambert \fB[C]\fP)
Give origin \fIlon0/lat0\fP, two standard parallels \fIlat1/lat2\fP, and
\fIscale\fP along these (\fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or UNIT/degree).
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-Jpoly\fP/[\fIlon0/\fP[\fIlat0/\fP]]\fIscale\fP or \fB\-JPoly\fP/[\fIlon0/\fP[\fIlat0/\fP]]\fIwidth\fP ((American) Polyconic).
Give the central meridian \fIlon0\fP (optional), reference parallel
\fIlat0\fP (optional, default = equator), and \fIscale\fP along central
meridian (\fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or UNIT/degree).
.UNINDENT
.sp
\fBAZIMUTHAL PROJECTIONS:\fP
.sp
Except for polar aspects, \fB\-R\fPw/e/s/n will be reset to \fB\-Rg\fP\&.
Use \fB\-R\fP<...>\fBr\fP for smaller regions.
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-Ja\fP\fIlon0/lat0\fP[\fI/horizon\fP]\fI/scale\fP or \fB\-JA\fP\fIlon0/lat0\fP[\fI/horizon\fP]\fI/width\fP (Lambert \fB[E]\fP).
\fIlon0/lat0\fP specifies the projection center. \fIhorizon\fP specifies
the max distance from projection center (in degrees, <= 180,
default 90). Give \fIscale\fP as \fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or \fIradius/lat\fP,
where \fIradius\fP is distance in UNIT from origin to the oblique
latitude \fIlat\fP\&.
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-Je\fP\fIlon0/lat0\fP[\fI/horizon\fP]\fI/scale\fP or \fB\-JE\fP\fIlon0/lat0\fP[\fI/horizon\fP]\fI/width\fP (Azimuthal Equidistant).
\fIlon0/lat0\fP specifies the projection center. \fIhorizon\fP specifies
the max distance from projection center (in degrees, <= 180,
default 180). Give \fIscale\fP as \fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or \fIradius/lat\fP,
where \fIradius\fP is distance in UNIT from origin to the oblique
latitude \fIlat\fP\&.
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-Jf\fP\fIlon0/lat0\fP[\fI/horizon\fP]\fI/scale\fP or \fB\-JF\fP\fIlon0/lat0\fP[\fI/horizon\fP]\fI/width\fP (Gnomonic).
\fIlon0/lat0\fP specifies the projection center. \fIhorizon\fP specifies
the max distance from projection center (in degrees, < 90,
default 60). Give \fIscale\fP as \fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or \fIradius/lat\fP,
where \fIradius\fP is distance in UNIT from origin to the oblique
latitude \fIlat\fP\&.
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-Jg\fP\fIlon0/lat0\fP[\fI/horizon\fP]\fI/scale\fP or \fB\-JG\fP\fIlon0/lat0\fP[\fI/horizon\fP]\fI/width\fP (Orthographic).
\fIlon0/lat0\fP specifies the projection center. \fIhorizon\fP specifies
the max distance from projection center (in degrees, <= 90,
default 90). Give \fIscale\fP as \fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or \fIradius/lat\fP,
where \fIradius\fP is distance in UNIT from origin to the oblique
latitude \fIlat\fP\&.
.TP
\fB\-Jg\fP\fIlon0/lat0/altitude/azimuth/tilt/twist/Width/Height/scale\fP or \fB\-JG\fP\fIlon0/lat0/altitude/azimuth/tilt/twist/Width/Height/width\fP (General Perspective).
\fIlon0/lat0\fP specifies the projection center. \fIaltitude\fP is the
height (in km) of the viewpoint above local sea level. If
\fIaltitude\fP is less than 10, then it is the distance from the
center of the earth to the viewpoint in earth radii. If
\fIaltitude\fP has a suffix \fBr\fP then it is the radius from the
center of the earth in kilometers. \fIazimuth\fP is measured to the
east of north of view. \fItilt\fP is the upward tilt of the plane of
projection. If \fItilt\fP is negative, then the viewpoint is
centered on the horizon. Further, specify the clockwise \fItwist\fP,
\fIWidth\fP, and \fIHeight\fP of the viewpoint in degrees. Give \fIscale\fP
as \fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or \fIradius/lat\fP, where \fIradius\fP is distance in
UNIT from origin to the oblique latitude \fIlat\fP\&.
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-Js\fP\fIlon0/lat0\fP[\fI/horizon\fP]\fI/scale\fP or \fB\-JS\fP\fIlon0/lat0\fP[\fI/horizon\fP]\fI/width\fP (General Stereographic \fB[C]\fP).
\fIlon0/lat0\fP specifies the projection center. \fIhorizon\fP specifies
the max distance from projection center (in degrees, < 180,
default 90). Give \fIscale\fP as \fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP (true at pole) or
\fIlat0\fP/\fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP (true at standard parallel \fIlat\fP) or
\fIradius/lat\fP (\fIradius\fP in UNIT from origin to the oblique
latitude \fIlat\fP). Note if \fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP is used then to specify
\fIhorizon\fP you must also specify the \fIlat\fP as +\-90 to avoid
ambiguity.
.UNINDENT
.sp
\fBMISCELLANEOUS PROJECTIONS:\fP
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-Jh\fP[\fIlon0/\fP]\fIscale\fP or \fB\-JH\fP[\fIlon0/\fP]\fIwidth\fP (Hammer \fB[E]\fP).
Give the central meridian \fIlon0\fP (optional) and \fIscale\fP along
equator (\fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or UNIT/degree).
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-Ji\fP[\fIlon0/\fP]\fIscale\fP or \fB\-JI\fP[\fIlon0/\fP]\fIwidth\fP (Sinusoidal \fB[E]\fP).
Give the central meridian \fIlon0\fP (optional) and \fIscale\fP along
equator (\fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or UNIT/degree).
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-Jkf\fP[\fIlon0/\fP]\fIscale\fP or \fB\-JKf\fP[\fIlon0/\fP]\fIwidth\fP (Eckert IV) \fB[E]\fP).
Give the central meridian \fIlon0\fP (optional) and \fIscale\fP along
equator (\fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or UNIT/degree).
.TP
\fB\-Jk\fP[\fBs\fP][\fIlon0/\fP]\fIscale\fP or \fB\-JK\fP[\fBs\fP][\fIlon0/\fP]\fIwidth\fP (Eckert VI) \fB[E]\fP).
Give the central meridian \fIlon0\fP (optional) and \fIscale\fP along
equator (\fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or UNIT/degree).
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-Jn\fP[\fIlon0/\fP]\fIscale\fP or \fB\-JN\fP[\fIlon0/\fP]\fIwidth\fP (Robinson).
Give the central meridian \fIlon0\fP (optional) and \fIscale\fP along
equator (\fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or UNIT/degree).
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-Jr\fP[\fIlon0/\fP]\fIscale\fP \fB\-JR\fP[\fIlon0/\fP]\fIwidth\fP (Winkel Tripel).
Give the central meridian \fIlon0\fP (optional) and \fIscale\fP along
equator (\fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or UNIT/degree).
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-Jv\fP[\fIlon0/\fP]\fIscale\fP or \fB\-JV\fP[\fIlon0/\fP]\fIwidth\fP (Van der Grinten).
Give the central meridian \fIlon0\fP (optional) and \fIscale\fP along
equator (\fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or UNIT/degree).
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-Jw\fP[\fIlon0/\fP]\fIscale\fP or \fB\-JW\fP[\fIlon0/\fP]\fIwidth\fP (Mollweide \fB[E]\fP).
Give the central meridian \fIlon0\fP (optional) and \fIscale\fP along
equator (\fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or UNIT/degree).
.UNINDENT
.sp
\fBNON\-GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTIONS:\fP
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
\fB\-Jp\fP[\fBa\fP]\fIscale\fP[\fI/origin\fP][\fBr\fP|\fBz\fP] or \fB\-JP\fP[\fBa\fP]\fIwidth\fP[\fI/origin\fP][\fBr\fP|\fBz\fP]
(Polar coordinates (theta,r))
.sp
Optionally insert \fBa\fP after \fB\-Jp\fP [ or \fB\-JP\fP] for azimuths CW
from North instead of directions CCW from East [Default]. Optionally
append /\fIorigin\fP in degrees to indicate an angular offset [0]).
Finally, append \fBr\fP if r is elevations in degrees (requires s >= 0
and n <= 90) or \fBz\fP if you want to annotate depth rather than
radius [Default]. Give \fIscale\fP in UNIT/r\-unit.
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
\fB\-Jx\fP\fIx\-scale\fP[\fI/y\-scale\fP] or \fB\-JX\fP\fIwidth\fP[\fI/height\fP] (Linear, log, and power scaling)
.sp
Give \fIx\-scale\fP (\fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or UNIT/x\-unit) and/or \fIy\-scale\fP
(\fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP or UNIT/y\-unit); or specify \fIwidth\fP and/or \fIheight\fP
in UNIT. \fIy\-scale\fP=\fIx\-scale\fP if not specified separately and
using \fB1:\fP\fIxxxx\fP implies that x\-unit and y\-unit are in meters.
Use negative scale(s) to reverse the direction of an axis (e.g., to
have y be positive down). Set \fIheight\fP or \fIwidth\fP to 0 to have it
recomputed based on the implied scale of the other axis. Optionally,
append to \fIx\-scale\fP, \fIy\-scale\fP, \fIwidth\fP or \fIheight\fP one of the
following:
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fBd\fP
Data are geographical coordinates (in degrees).
.TP
\fBl\fP
Take log10 of values before scaling.
.TP
\fBp\fP\fIpower\fP
Raise values to \fIpower\fP before scaling.
.TP
\fBt\fP
Input coordinates are time relative to TIME_EPOCH\&.
.TP
\fBT\fP
Input coordinates are absolute time.
.UNINDENT
.sp
For mixed axes with only one geographic axis you may need to set \fB\-f\fP as well.
Default axis lengths (see \fBgmt.conf\fP) can be invoked using
\fB\-JXh\fP (for landscape); \fB\-JXv\fP (for portrait) will swap the
x\- and y\-axis lengths. The default unit for this installation is
either cm or inch, as defined in the file \fBshare/gmt.conf\fP\&.
However, you may change this by editing your \fBgmt.conf\fP file(s).
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.sp
When \fB\-J\fP is used without any further arguments, or just with the
projection type, the arguments of the last used \fB\-J\fP, or the last used
\fB\-J\fP with that projection type, will be used.
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-Jz\fP|\fBZ\fP\fIparameters\fP
Set z\-axis scaling; same syntax as \fB\-Jx\fP\&.
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-K\fP
More PostScript code will be appended later [Default terminates
the plot system]. Required for all but the last plot command when
building multi\-layer plots.
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-O\fP
Selects Overlay plot mode [Default initializes a new plot system].
Required for all but the first plot command when building
multi\-layer plots.
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-P\fP
Select "Portrait" plot orientation [Default is "Landscape"; see
gmt.conf or gmtset to change the \fBPS_PAGE_ORIENTATION\fP
parameter, or supply \fB\-\fP\fB\-PS_PAGE_ORIENTATION=\fP\fIorientation\fP on the
command line].
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-R\fP\fIxmin\fP/\fIxmax\fP/\fIymin\fP/\fIymax\fP[\fB+r\fP][\fB+u\fP\fIunit\fP]
\fIxmin\fP, \fIxmax\fP, \fIymin\fP, and \fIymax\fP specify the region of interest.
For geographic regions, these limits correspond to \fIwest\fP, \fIeast\fP,
\fIsouth\fP, and \fInorth\fP and you may specify them in decimal degrees or
in [+|\-]\fIdd\fP\fB:\fP\fImm\fP[\fB:\fP\fIss.xxx\fP][\fBW\fP|\fBE\fP|\fBS\fP|\fBN\fP]
format. Append \fB+r\fP if lower left
and upper right map coordinates are given instead of \fIwest\fP/\fIeast\fP/\fIsouth\fP/\fInorth\fP\&. The
two shorthands \fB\-Rg\fP and \fB\-Rd\fP stand for global domain (0/360
and \-180/+180 in longitude respectively, with \-90/+90 in latitude).
Alternatively for grid creation, give \fB\-R\fP\fIcode\fP\fIx0\fP/\fIy0\fP/\fInx\fP/\fIny\fP, where
\fIcode\fP is a 2\-character combination of \fBL\fP, \fBC\fP, \fBR\fP (for left, center, or right)
and \fBT\fP, \fBM\fP, \fBB\fP for top, middle, or bottom. e.g., \fBBL\fP for lower left.  This
indicates which point on a rectangular region the \fIx0\fP/\fIy0\fP coordinate
refers to, and the grid dimensions \fInx\fP and \fIny\fP with grid spacings via
\fB\-I\fP is used to create the corresponding region.
Alternatively, specify the name of an existing grid file and the
\fB\-R\fP settings (and grid spacing, if applicable) are copied from
the grid. When \fB\-R\fP is used without any further arguments, the
values from the last use of \fB\-R\fP in a previous GMT command
will be used.
For calendar time coordinates you may either give (a) relative time
(relative to the selected TIME_EPOCH and in the selected
TIME_UNIT; append \fBt\fP to \fB\-JX\fP|\fBx\fP), or (b) absolute
time of the form [\fIdate\fP]\fBT\fP[\fIclock\fP] (append \fBT\fP to
\fB\-JX\fP|\fBx\fP). At least one of \fIdate\fP and \fIclock\fP must be
present; the \fBT\fP is always required. The \fIdate\fP string must be of
the form [\fB\-\fP]\fIyyyy\fP[\fB\-\fP\fImm\fP[\fB\-\fP\fIdd\fP]]
(Gregorian calendar) or \fIyyyy\fP[\fB\-W\fP\fIww\fP[\fB\-\fP\fId\fP]]
(ISO week calendar), while the \fIclock\fP string must be of the form
\fIhh\fP\fB:\fP\fImm\fP\fB:\fP\fIss\fP[\fI\&.xxx\fP]. The use of delimiters and their type and positions
must be exactly as indicated (however, input, output and plot
formats are customizable; see \fBgmt.conf\fP).
You can also use Cartesian projected coordinates compatible with the
chosen projection.  Append the length \fIunit\fP via the \fB+u\fP modifier, (e.g.,
\fB\-R\fP\-200/200/\-300/300\fB+uk\fP for a 400 by 600 km rectangular area centered
on the projection center (0, 0). These coordinates are internally
converted to the corresponding geographic (longitude, latitude)
coordinates for the lower left and upper right corners. This form is
convenient when you want to specify a region directly in the
projected units (e.g., UTM meters).
.UNINDENT
.sp
In case of perspective view \fBp\fP, a z\-range (\fIzmin\fP, \fIzmax\fP) can be appended to indicate
the third dimension. This needs to be done only when using the \fBJz\fP option, not when using
only the \fBp\fP option. In the latter case a perspective view of the plane is plotted, with
no third dimension.
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-U\fP[[\fIjust\fP]/\fIdx\fP/\fIdy\fP/][\fBc\fP|\fIlabel\fP]
Draw Unix System time stamp on plot. By adding [\fIjust\fP]\fI/dx/dy/\fP, the
user may specify the justification of the stamp and where the stamp
should fall on the page relative to lower left corner of the plot.
For example, BL/0/0 will align the lower left corner of the time
stamp with the lower left corner of the plot [LL]. Optionally, append a
\fIlabel\fP, or \fBc\fP (which will plot the command string.). The GMT
parameters MAP_LOGO, MAP_LOGO_POS, and
FORMAT_TIME_STAMP can affect the appearance; see the
gmt.conf man page for details. The time string will be in the
locale set by the environment variable \fBTZ\fP (generally local
time).
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-V\fP[\fIlevel\fP]
Select verbose mode, which will send progress reports to \fIstderr\fP\&.
Choose among 6 levels of verbosity; each level adds more messages:
\fBq\fP \- Complete silence, not even fatal error messages are produced.
\fBn\fP \- Normal verbosity: produce only fatal error messages.
\fBc\fP \- Produce also compatibility warnings (same as when \fB\-V\fP is omitted).
\fBv\fP \- Produce also warnings and progress messages (same as \fB\-V\fP only).
\fBl\fP \- Produce also detailed progress messages.
\fBd\fP \- Produce also debugging messages.
.UNINDENT
.sp
\fB\-X\fP[\fBa\fP|\fBc\fP|\fBf\fP|\fBr\fP][\fIx\-shift\fP[\fBu\fP]]
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-Y\fP[\fBa\fP|\fBc\fP|\fBf\fP|\fBr\fP][\fIy\-shift\fP[\fBu\fP]]
Shift plot origin relative to the current origin by
(\fIx\-shift\fP,\fIy\-shift\fP) and optionally append the length unit
(\fBc\fP, \fBi\fP, or \fBp\fP). You can prepend \fBa\fP to shift the origin
back to the original position after plotting, prepend \fBc\fP to
center the plot on the center of the paper (optionally add shift),
prepend \fBf\fP to shift the origin relative to the fixed lower left
corner of the page, or prepend \fBr\fP [Default] to move the origin
relative to its current location. If \fB\-O\fP is used then the default
(\fIx\-shift\fP,\fIy\-shift\fP) is (r0), otherwise it is (r1i). When \fB\-X\fP
or \fB\-Y\fP are used without any further arguments, the values from
the last use of that option in a previous GMT command will be used.
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-a\fP[\fIcol\fP=]\fIname\fP[\fI\&...\fP]
Control how aspatial data are handled in GMT during input and output.
\fIReading OGR/GMT\-formatted files\fP: To assign certain aspatial data
items to GMT data columns, give one or more comma\-separated
associations \fIcol\fP=\fIname\fP, where \fIname\fP is the name of an
aspatial attribute field in a OGR/GMT file and whose value we wish
to use as data input for column \fIcol\fP\&. In addition, to assign an
aspatial value to non\-column data, you may specify \fIcol\fP as \fBD\fP
for \fIdistance\fP, \fBG\fP for \fIfill\fP, \fBI\fP for \fIID\fP, \fBL\fP for \fIlabel\fP,
\fBT\fP for \fItext\fP, \fBW\fP for \fIpen\fP, and \fBZ\fP for \fIvalue\fP [e.g., used
to look up color via a CPT].  If you skip the leading "\fIcol\fP=" in
the argument then we supply (and automatically increment) a column
value starting at 2.
\fIWriting OGR/GMT\-formatted files\fP: To write OGR/GMT\-formatted
files, give one or more comma\-separated associations
\fIcol\fP=\fIname\fP[:\fItype\fP], with an optional data type from DOUBLE,
FLOAT, INTEGER, CHAR, STRING, DATETIME, or LOGICAL [DOUBLE]. To
extract information from GMT multisegment headers encoded in the
\fB\-D\fP\fIdistance\fP, \fB\-G\fP\fIfill\fP, \fB\-I\fP\fIID\fP, \fB\-L\fP\fIlabel\fP,
\fB\-T\fP\fItext\fP, \fB\-W\fP\fIpen\fP, or \fB\-Z\fP\fIvalue\fP settings, specify
\fICOL\fP as \fBD\fP, \fBG\fP, \fBI\fP, \fBL\fP, \fBT\fP, \fBW\fP or \fBZ\fP,
respectively; type will be set automatically. Finally, you \fImust\fP
append \fB+g\fP\fIgeometry\fP, where \fIgeometry\fP is either POINT, LINE,
or POLY. Optionally, prepend \fBM\fP for multi\-versions of these
geometries. To force the clipping of features crossing the Dateline,
use upper\-case \fB+G\fP instead. See GMT Appendix Q for details of the
OGR/GMT file format.
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-bi\fP[\fIncols\fP][\fItype\fP][w][\fB+L\fP|\fB+B\fP]
Select native binary input. Here, \fIncols\fP is the number of data columns of
given \fItype\fP, which must be one of \fBc\fP (int8_t, aka char), \fBu\fP
(uint8_t, aka unsigned char), \fBh\fP (int16_t, 2\-byte signed int),
\fBH\fP (uint16_t, 2\-byte unsigned int), \fBi\fP (int32_t, 4\-byte
signed int), \fBI\fP ((capital i) uint32_t, 4\-byte unsigned int), \fBl\fP
((lower case el) int64_t, 8\-byte signed int), \fBL\fP (uint64_t, 8\-byte unsigned
int), \fBf\fP (4\-byte single\-precision float), and \fBd\fP (8\-byte
double\-precision float). In addition, use \fBx\fP to skip \fIncols\fP
bytes anywhere in the record.
For records with mixed types, simply append additional comma\-separated
combinations of \fIncols\fP\fBt\fP\&. Append \fBw\fP to any item to force
byte\-swapping. Alternatively, append \fB+L\fP|\fBB\fP to indicate
that the entire data file should be read as little\- or big\-endian,
respectively. The cumulative number of \fIncols\fP may exceed the columns
actually needed by the program. If \fIncols\fP is not specified we assume
that \fItype\fP applies to all columns and that \fIncols\fP is implied by
the expectation of the program. If the input file is netCDF, no
\fB\-b\fP is needed; simply append \fB?\fP\fIvar1\fP\fB/\fP\fIvar2\fP\fB/\fP\fI\&...\fP
to the filename to specify the variables to be read. 
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-bo\fP[\fIncols\fP][\fItype\fP][w][\fB+L\fP|\fB+B\fP]
Select native binary output. Here, \fIncols\fP is the actual number
of data columns of type \fBt\fP, which must be one of \fBc\fP, \fBu\fP, \fBh\fP,
\fBH\fP, \fBi\fP, \fBI\fP (capital i), \fBl\fP (lower case elle), \fBL\fP, \fBf\fP, and \fBd\fP (see \fB\-bi\fP).
For a mixed\-type output record, append additional comma\-separated
combinations of \fIncols\fP/\fBt\fP\&.
Append \fBw\fP to any item to force byte\-swapping or \fB+L\fP|\fBB\fP
for byte\-swapping of the entire record. If \fIncols\fP is not specified
we assume that \fBt\fP applies to all columns and that \fIncols\fP is
implied by the default output of the program. Note: NetCDF file output is
not supported.
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-d\fP[\fBi\fP|\fBo\fP]\fInodata\fP
Control how user\-coded missing data values are translated to official
NaN values in GMT.  For input data we replace any value that equals
\fInodata\fP with NaN. For output data we replace any NaN with the chosen
\fInodata\fP value.  Use \fB\-di\fP or \fB\-do\fP to only affect input or output.
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-di\fP\fInodata\fP
Examine all input columns and if any item equals \fInodata\fP we interpret
this value as a missing data item and substitute the value NaN.
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-do\fP\fInodata\fP
Examine all output columns and if any item equals NAN we substitute
it with the chosen missing data value \fInodata\fP\&.
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-e\fP[\fB~\fP]\fI"pattern"\fP \fB|\fP \fB\-e\fP[\fB~\fP]/\fIregexp\fP/[\fBi\fP]
Only accept ASCII data records that contains the specified pattern.
To reverse the search, i.e., to only accept data record that do \fInot\fP
contain the specified pattern, use \fB\-e~\fP\&. Should your pattern happen
to start with ~ you need to escape this character with a backslash
[Default accepts all data records]. For matching data records
against extended regular expressions enclose the expression in slashes.
Append \fBi\fP for case\-insensitive matching.
For a list of such patterns, give \fB+f\fP\fIfile\fP with one pattern per line.
To give a single pattern starting with \fB+f\fP, escape it with a backslash.
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-f\fP[\fBi\fP|\fBo\fP]\fIcolinfo\fP
Specify the data types of input and/or output columns (time or
geographical data). Specify \fBi\fP or \fBo\fP to make this apply only
to input or output [Default applies to both]. Give one or more
columns (or column ranges) separated by commas, or use \fB\-f\fP
multiple times (column ranges must be given
in the format \fIstart\fP[:\fIinc\fP ]:\fIstop\fP, where \fIinc\fP defaults to 1 if
not specified).  Append \fBT\fP (absolute calendar time), \fBt\fP
(relative time in chosen TIME_UNIT since TIME_EPOCH),
\fBx\fP (longitude), \fBy\fP (latitude), \fBp\fP[\fIunit\fP] (projected
x,y map coordinates in given unit [meter]) or \fBf\fP (floating point)
to each column or column range item. Shorthands
\fB\-f\fP[\fBi\fP|\fBo\fP]\fBg\fP means
\fB\-f\fP[\fBi\fP|\fBo\fP]0\fBx\fP,1\fBy\fP (geographic coordinates)
and \fB\-f\fP[\fBi\fP|\fBo\fP]\fBc\fP means
\fB\-f\fP[\fBi\fP|\fBo\fP]0\-1\fBf\fP (Cartesian coordinates)
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-g\fP[\fBa\fP]\fBx\fP|\fBy\fP|\fBd\fP|\fBX\fP|\fBY\fP|\fBD\fP|[\fIcol\fP]\fBz\fP[+|\-]\fIgap\fP[\fBu\fP]
Examine the spacing between consecutive data points in order to
impose breaks in the line. Append \fBx\fP|\fBX\fP or
\fBy\fP|\fBY\fP to define a gap when there is a large enough change
in the x or y coordinates, respectively, or \fBd\fP|\fBD\fP for
distance gaps; use upper case to calculate gaps from projected
coordinates. For gap\-testing on other columns use [\fIcol\fP]\fBz\fP;
if \fIcol\fP is not prepended the it defaults to 2 (i.e., 3rd column).
Append [+|\-]\fIgap\fP and optionally a unit \fBu\fP\&. Regarding optional
signs: \-ve means previous minus current column value must exceed
\fIgap\fP to be a gap, +ve means current minus previous column value
must exceed \fIgap\fP, and no sign means the absolute value of the
difference must exceed \fIgap\fP\&. For geographic data
(\fBx\fP|\fBy\fP|\fBd\fP), the unit \fBu\fP may be arc
\fBd\fPegree, \fBm\fPinute, or \fBs\fPecond, or m\fBe\fPter
[Default], \fBf\fPoot, \fBk\fPilometer, \fBM\fPile, \fBn\fPautical
mile, or s\fBu\fPrvey foot. For projected data
(\fBX\fP|\fBY\fP|\fBD\fP), choose from \fBi\fPnch,
\fBc\fPentimeter, or \fBp\fPoint [Default unit set by
PROJ_LENGTH_UNIT]. Note: For \fBx\fP|\fBy\fP|\fBz\fP with
time data the unit is instead controlled by TIME_UNIT\&. Repeat
the option to specify multiple criteria, of which any can be met to
produce a line break. Issue an additional \fB\-ga\fP to indicate that
all criteria must be met instead.
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-h\fP[\fBi\fP|\fBo\fP][\fIn\fP][\fB+c\fP][\fB+d\fP][\fB+r\fP\fIremark\fP][\fB+t\fP\fItitle\fP]
Primary input file(s) has header record(s). If used, the default number of
header records is IO_N_HEADER_RECS [1]. Use \fB\-hi\fP if only
the primary input data should have header records [Default will write out header
records if the input data have them]. Blank lines and lines starting
with # are always skipped. For output you may request additional headers
to be written via the option modifiers, and use \fB+d\fP to remove existing
header records. Append \fB+c\fP to issue a header comment with column names to the output [none].
Append \fB+r\fP to add a \fIremark\fP comment to the output [none].
Append \fB+t\fP to add a \fItitle\fP comment to the output [none].
These optional strings may contain n to indicate line\-breaks).
If used with native binary data we interpret \fIn\fP to instead mean the
number of bytes to skip on input or pad on output.
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-i\fP\fIcols\fP[\fB+l\fP][\fB+s\fP\fIscale\fP][\fB+o\fP\fIoffset\fP][,\fI\&...\fP]
Select specific data columns for primary input, in arbitrary order. Columns
not listed will be skipped. Give individual columns (or column ranges
in the format \fIstart\fP[:\fIinc\fP ]:\fIstop\fP, where \fIinc\fP defaults to 1 if
not specified) separated by commas [Default reads all columns in order,
starting with the first column (0)]. Columns may be repeated.  To each
column, optionally add any of  the following: \fB+l\fP takes \fBlog10\fP of
the input values first; \fB+s\fP\fIscale\fP, subsequently multiplies by a
given  scale factor [1]; \fB+o\fP\fIoffset\fP, finally adds a given offset [0].
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-n\fP[\fBb\fP|\fBc\fP|\fBl\fP|\fBn\fP][\fB+a\fP][\fB+b\fP\fIBC\fP][\fB+c\fP][\fB+t\fP\fIthreshold\fP]
Select grid interpolation mode by adding \fBb\fP for B\-spline
smoothing, \fBc\fP for bicubic interpolation, \fBl\fP for bilinear
interpolation, or \fBn\fP for nearest\-neighbor value (for example to
plot categorical data). Optionally, append \fB+a\fP to switch off
antialiasing (where supported). Append \fB+b\fP\fIBC\fP to override the
boundary conditions used, adding \fBg\fP for geographic, \fBp\fP for
periodic, or \fBn\fP for natural boundary conditions. For the latter
two you may append \fBx\fP or \fBy\fP to specify just one direction,
otherwise both are assumed. Append \fB+c\fP to clip the interpolated
grid to input z\-min/max [Default may exceed limits]. Append \fB+t\fP\fIthreshold\fP to
control how close to nodes with NaNs the interpolation will go. A
\fIthreshold\fP of 1.0 requires all (4 or 16) nodes involved in
interpolation to be non\-NaN. 0.5 will interpolate about half way
from a non\-NaN value; 0.1 will go about 90% of the way, etc.
[Default is bicubic interpolation with antialiasing and a threshold
of 0.5, using geographic (if grid is known to be geographic) or
natural boundary conditions].
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-o\fP\fIcols\fP[,...]
Select specific data columns for primary output, in arbitrary order. Columns
not listed will be skipped. Give columns (or column ranges
in the format \fIstart\fP[:\fIinc\fP ]:\fIstop\fP, where \fIinc\fP defaults to 1 if
not specified) separated by commas.  Columns may be repeated.
[Default writes all columns in order].
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-p\fP[\fBx\fP|\fBy\fP|\fBz\fP]\fIazim\fP[/\fIelev\fP[/\fIzlevel\fP]][\fB+w\fP\fIlon0\fP/\fIlat0\fP[/\fIz0\fP]][\fB+v\fP\fIx0\fP/\fIy0\fP]
Selects perspective view and sets the azimuth and elevation of the
viewpoint [180/90]. When \fB\-p\fP is used in consort with \fB\-Jz\fP or
\fB\-JZ\fP, a third value can be appended which indicates at which
z\-level all 2D material, like the plot frame, is plotted (in
perspective). [Default is at the bottom of the z\-axis]. Use \fB\-px\fP
or \fB\-py\fP to plot against the "wall" x = level or y = level
(default is on the horizontal plane, which is the same as using
\fB\-pz\fP). For frames used for animation, you may want to append
\fB+\fP to fix the center of your data domain (or specify a particular
world coordinate point with \fB+w\fP\fIlon0\fP/\fIlat\fP[/\fIz\fP]) which will
project to the center of your page size (or specify the coordinates
of the projected view point with \fB+v\fP\fIx0\fP/\fIy0\fP\&. When \fB\-p\fP is
used without any further arguments, the values from the last use of
\fB\-p\fP in a previous GMT command will be used.  Alternatively, you
can perform a simple rotation about the z\-axis by just giving the
rotation angle.  Optionally, use \fB+v\fP or \fB+w\fP to select another
axis location than the plot origin.
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-r\fP
Force pixel node registration [Default is gridline registration].
(Node registrations are defined in Section grid\-registration
of the GMT Technical Reference and Cookbook.)
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-s\fP[\fIcols\fP][\fBa\fP|\fBr\fP]
Suppress output for records whose \fIz\fP\-value equals NaN [Default
outputs all records]. Append \fBa\fP to skip records where at least
one field equal NaN. Append \fBr\fP to reverse the suppression, i.e.,
only output the records whose \fIz\fP\-value equals NaN. Alternatively,
indicate a comma\-separated list of all columns or column ranges to
consider for this NaN test (Column ranges must be given
in the format \fIstart\fP[:\fIinc\fP ]:\fIstop\fP, where \fIinc\fP defaults to 1 if
not specified).
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-t\fP[\fItransp\fP]
Set PDF transparency level for an overlay, in 0\-100 percent range. [Default
is 0, i.e., opaque].
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-x\fP[[\-]\fIn\fP]
Limit the number of cores to be used in any OpenMP\-enabled
multi\-threaded algorithms. By default we try
to use all available cores.  Append \fIn\fP to only use \fIn\fP cores
(if too large it will be truncated to the maximum cores
available).  Finally, give a negative \fIn\fP to select
(all \- \fIn\fP) cores (or at least 1 if \fIn\fP equals or exceeds
all).  The \fB\-x\fP option is only available to GMT modules
compiled with OpenMP support.
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-:\fP[\fBi\fP|\fBo\fP]
Swap 1st and 2nd column on input and/or output [Default is no
swapping]. Append \fBi\fP to select input only or \fBo\fP to select
output only. [Default affects both]. This option is typically used
to handle (latitude, longitude) files; see also
\fB\-i\fP\fIcols\fP[\fBl\fP][\fBs\fP\fIscale\fP][\fBo\fP\fIoffset\fP][,\fI\&...\fP].
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
\fB\-^\fP or just \fB\-\fP
Print a short message about the syntax of the command, then exits (NOTE: on Windows just use \fB\-\fP).
.TP
\fB\-+\fP or just \fB+\fP
Print an extensive usage (help) message, including the explanation of
any module\-specific option (but not the GMT common options), then exits.
.TP
\fB\-?\fP or no arguments
Print a complete usage (help) message, including the explanation of all options, then exits.
.UNINDENT
.SS \fI\%Specifying Color\fP
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
.B \fIcolor\fP
The \fIcolor\fP of lines, areas and patterns can be specified by a valid
color name, by a gray shade (in the range 0\-255), by a decimal color
code (r/g/b, each in range 0\-255; h\-s\-v, ranges 0\-360, 0\-1, 0\-1; or
c/m/y/k, each in range 0\-1), or by a hexadecimal color code
(#rrggbb, as used in HTML). For PDF transparency, append
@\fItransparency\fP in the 0\-100 percent range [0 or opaque]. See
gmtcolors for more information and a full list of color
names.
.UNINDENT
.SS \fI\%Specifying Fill\fP
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
.B \fIfill\fP
The attribute \fIfill\fP specifies the solid shade or solid \fIcolor\fP (see
\fI\%Specifying Color\fP above) or the pattern used for filling polygons.
Patterns are specified as \fBp\fP\fIpattern\fP, where \fIpattern\fP
set the number of the built\-in pattern (1\-90) \fIor\fP the name of a
raster image file. The optional \fB+r\fP\fIdpi\fP sets the resolution of
the image [1200]. For 1\-bit rasters: use upper case \fBP\fP  for inverse
video, or append \fB+f\fP\fIcolor\fP and/or \fB+b\fP\fIcolor\fP to specify
fore\- and background colors (use \fIcolor\fP = \- for transparency). See
GMT Cookbook & Technical Reference Appendix E for information on
individual built\-in patterns.
.UNINDENT
.SS \fI\%Specifying Fonts\fP
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
.B \fIfont\fP
The attributes of text fonts as defined by \fIfont\fP is a comma
delimited list of \fIsize\fP, \fIfonttype\fP and \fIfill\fP, each of which is
optional. \fIsize\fP is the font size (usually in points) but \fBc\fP or
\fBi\fP can be added to indicate other units. \fIfonttype\fP is the name
(case sensitive!) of the font or its equivalent numerical ID (e.g.,
Helvetica\-Bold or 1). \fIfill\fP specifies the gray shade, color or
pattern of the text (see \fI\%Specifying Fill\fP above). Optionally, you may
append \fB=\fP\fIpen\fP to the \fIfill\fP value in order to draw a text
outline. If you want to avoid that the outline partially obscures the text, append
append \fB=~\fP\fIpen\fP instead; in that case only half the linewidth is plotted
on the outside of the font only.  If an outline is requested, you may optionally
skip the text \fIfill\fP by setting it to \fB\-\fP, in which case the full pen width
is always used. If any of the font attributes is omitted their default or
previous setting will be retained.
.sp
The 35 available fonts are:
.INDENT 7.0
.IP 0. 5
Helvetica
.IP 1. 5
Helvetica\-Bold
.IP 2. 5
Helvetica\-Oblique
.IP 3. 5
Helvetica\-BoldOblique
.IP 4. 5
Times\-Roman
.IP 5. 5
Times\-Bold
.IP 6. 5
Times\-Italic
.IP 7. 5
Times\-BoldItalic
.IP 8. 5
Courier
.IP 9. 5
Courier\-Bold
.IP 10. 5
Courier\-Oblique
.IP 11. 5
Courier\-BoldOblique
.IP 12. 5
Symbol
.IP 13. 5
AvantGarde\-Book
.IP 14. 5
AvantGarde\-BookOblique
.IP 15. 5
AvantGarde\-Demi
.IP 16. 5
AvantGarde\-DemiOblique
.IP 17. 5
Bookman\-Demi
.IP 18. 5
Bookman\-DemiItalic
.IP 19. 5
Bookman\-Light
.IP 20. 5
Bookman\-LightItalic
.IP 21. 5
Helvetica\-Narrow
.IP 22. 5
Helvetica\-Narrow\-Bold
.IP 23. 5
Helvetica\-Narrow\-Oblique
.IP 24. 5
Helvetica\-Narrow\-BoldOblique
.IP 25. 5
NewCenturySchlbk\-Roman
.IP 26. 5
NewCenturySchlbk\-Italic
.IP 27. 5
NewCenturySchlbk\-Bold
.IP 28. 5
NewCenturySchlbk\-BoldItalic
.IP 29. 5
Palatino\-Roman
.IP 30. 5
Palatino\-Italic
.IP 31. 5
Palatino\-Bold
.IP 32. 5
Palatino\-BoldItalic
.IP 33. 5
ZapfChancery\-MediumItalic
.IP 34. 5
ZapfDingbats
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.SS Specifying Pens
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
.B \fIpen\fP
The attributes of lines and symbol outlines as defined by \fIpen\fP is a
comma\-delimited list of \fIwidth\fP, \fIcolor\fP and \fIstyle\fP, each of which
is optional. \fIwidth\fP can be indicated as a measure (in \fBp\fPoints
(this is the default), \fBc\fPentimeters, or \fBi\fPnches) or as
\fBfaint\fP, \fBdefault\fP, \fBthin\fP[\fBner\fP|\fBnest\fP],
\fBthick\fP[\fBer\fP|\fBest\fP], \fBfat\fP[\fBter\fP|\fBtest\fP],
or \fBobese\fP\&. \fIcolor\fP specifies a gray shade or color (see
\fI\%Specifying Color\fP above). \fIstyle\fP can be any of \(aqsolid\(aq, \(aqdashed\(aq
or \(aqdotted\(aq, or a custom combination of dashes \(aq\-\(aq and
dots \(aq.\(aq. If any of the attributes is omitted their default or
previous setting will be retained. See GMT Cookbook & Technical
Reference Specifying pen attributes for more information.
.UNINDENT
.SH ASCII FORMAT PRECISION
.sp
The ASCII output formats of numerical data are controlled by parameters
in your gmt.conf file. Longitude and latitude are formatted
according to FORMAT_GEO_OUT, absolute time is
under the control of FORMAT_DATE_OUT and
FORMAT_CLOCK_OUT, whereas general floating point values are formatted
according to FORMAT_FLOAT_OUT\&. Be aware that the format in effect
can lead to loss of precision in ASCII output, which can lead to various
problems downstream. If you find the output is not written with enough
precision, consider switching to binary output (\fB\-bo\fP if available) or
specify more decimals using the FORMAT_FLOAT_OUT setting.
.SH GRID FILE FORMATS
.sp
By default GMT writes out grid as single precision floats in a COARDS\-complaint netCDF file format.
However, GMT is able to produce and read grid files in many other commonly used grid file formats
and also facilitates so called "packing" of grids, writing out floating point data as 1\- or 2\-byte
integers. To specify the precision, scale and offset, the user should add the suffix
\fB=\fP\fIid\fP[\fB/\fP\fIscale\fP\fB/\fP\fIoffset\fP[\fB/\fP\fInan\fP]], where
\fIid\fP is a two\-letter identifier of the grid type and precision, and
\fIscale\fP and \fIoffset\fP are optional scale factor and offset to be applied
to all grid values, and \fInan\fP is the value used to indicate missing
data. In case the two characters \fIid\fP is not provided, as in \fB=/\fP\fIscale\fP
than a \fIid\fP\fB=\fP\fInf\fP is assumed.
When reading grids, the format is generally automatically recognized from almost all of those formats
that GMT and GDAL combined offer. If not, the same suffix can be added to input grid file names.
See grdconvert and Section grid\-file\-format
of the GMT Technical Reference and Cookbook for more information.
.sp
When reading a netCDF file that contains multiple grids, GMT will
read, by default, the first 2\-dimensional grid that can find in that
file. To coax GMT into reading another multi\-dimensional variable in
the grid file, append \fB?\fP\fIvarname\fP to the file name, where \fIvarname\fP
is the name of the variable. Note that you may need to escape the
special meaning of \fB?\fP in your shell program by putting a backslash in
front of it, or by placing the filename and suffix between quotes or
double quotes. The \fB?\fP\fIvarname\fP suffix can also be used for output
grids to specify a variable name different from the default: "z". See
grdconvert and Sections modifiers\-for\-CF and grid\-file\-format
of the GMT Technical Reference and Cookbook for more information, particularly on
how to read splices of 3\-, 4\-, or 5\-dimensional grids.
.SH SEE ALSO
.sp
Look up the individual man pages for more details and full syntax. Run
\fBgmt \-\-help\fP to list all GMT programs and to show all installation
directories. For an explanation of the various GMT settings in this
man page (like FORMAT_FLOAT_OUT), see the man page of the GMT
configuration file gmt.conf\&. Information is also available on the
GMT home page \fI\%http://gmt.soest.hawaii.edu/\fP
.SH COPYRIGHT
2019, P. Wessel, W. H. F. Smith, R. Scharroo, J. Luis, and F. Wobbe
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