'\" '\" Generated from file 'record\&.man' by tcllib/doctools with format 'nroff' '\" Copyright (c) 2002, Brett Schwarz '\" .TH "struct::record" 3tcl 1\&.2\&.1 tcllib "Tcl Data Structures" .\" The -*- nroff -*- definitions below are for supplemental macros used .\" in Tcl/Tk manual entries. .\" .\" .AP type name in/out ?indent? .\" Start paragraph describing an argument to a library procedure. .\" type is type of argument (int, etc.), in/out is either "in", "out", .\" or "in/out" to describe whether procedure reads or modifies arg, .\" and indent is equivalent to second arg of .IP (shouldn't ever be .\" needed; use .AS below instead) .\" .\" .AS ?type? ?name? .\" Give maximum sizes of arguments for setting tab stops. Type and .\" name are examples of largest possible arguments that will be passed .\" to .AP later. If args are omitted, default tab stops are used. .\" .\" .BS .\" Start box enclosure. From here until next .BE, everything will be .\" enclosed in one large box. .\" .\" .BE .\" End of box enclosure. .\" .\" .CS .\" Begin code excerpt. .\" .\" .CE .\" End code excerpt. .\" .\" .VS ?version? ?br? .\" Begin vertical sidebar, for use in marking newly-changed parts .\" of man pages. The first argument is ignored and used for recording .\" the version when the .VS was added, so that the sidebars can be .\" found and removed when they reach a certain age. If another argument .\" is present, then a line break is forced before starting the sidebar. .\" .\" .VE .\" End of vertical sidebar. .\" .\" .DS .\" Begin an indented unfilled display. .\" .\" .DE .\" End of indented unfilled display. .\" .\" .SO ?manpage? .\" Start of list of standard options for a Tk widget. The manpage .\" argument defines where to look up the standard options; if .\" omitted, defaults to "options". The options follow on successive .\" lines, in three columns separated by tabs. .\" .\" .SE .\" End of list of standard options for a Tk widget. .\" .\" .OP cmdName dbName dbClass .\" Start of description of a specific option. cmdName gives the .\" option's name as specified in the class command, dbName gives .\" the option's name in the option database, and dbClass gives .\" the option's class in the option database. .\" .\" .UL arg1 arg2 .\" Print arg1 underlined, then print arg2 normally. .\" .\" .QW arg1 ?arg2? .\" Print arg1 in quotes, then arg2 normally (for trailing punctuation). .\" .\" .PQ arg1 ?arg2? .\" Print an open parenthesis, arg1 in quotes, then arg2 normally .\" (for trailing punctuation) and then a closing parenthesis. .\" .\" # Set up traps and other miscellaneous stuff for Tcl/Tk man pages. .if t .wh -1.3i ^B .nr ^l \n(.l .ad b .\" # Start an argument description .de AP .ie !"\\$4"" .TP \\$4 .el \{\ . ie !"\\$2"" .TP \\n()Cu . el .TP 15 .\} .ta \\n()Au \\n()Bu .ie !"\\$3"" \{\ \&\\$1 \\fI\\$2\\fP (\\$3) .\".b .\} .el \{\ .br .ie !"\\$2"" \{\ \&\\$1 \\fI\\$2\\fP .\} .el \{\ \&\\fI\\$1\\fP .\} .\} .. .\" # define tabbing values for .AP .de AS .nr )A 10n .if !"\\$1"" .nr )A \\w'\\$1'u+3n .nr )B \\n()Au+15n .\" .if !"\\$2"" .nr )B \\w'\\$2'u+\\n()Au+3n .nr )C \\n()Bu+\\w'(in/out)'u+2n .. .AS Tcl_Interp Tcl_CreateInterp in/out .\" # BS - start boxed text .\" # ^y = starting y location .\" # ^b = 1 .de BS .br .mk ^y .nr ^b 1u .if n .nf .if n .ti 0 .if n \l'\\n(.lu\(ul' .if n .fi .. .\" # BE - end boxed text (draw box now) .de BE .nf .ti 0 .mk ^t .ie n \l'\\n(^lu\(ul' .el \{\ .\" Draw four-sided box normally, but don't draw top of .\" box if the box started on an earlier page. .ie !\\n(^b-1 \{\ \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\l'\\n(^lu+3n\(ul'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\l'|0u-1.5n\(ul' .\} .el \}\ \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\h'\\n(^lu+3n'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\l'|0u-1.5n\(ul' .\} .\} .fi .br .nr ^b 0 .. .\" # VS - start vertical sidebar .\" # ^Y = starting y location .\" # ^v = 1 (for troff; for nroff this doesn't matter) .de VS .if !"\\$2"" .br .mk ^Y .ie n 'mc \s12\(br\s0 .el .nr ^v 1u .. .\" # VE - end of vertical sidebar .de VE .ie n 'mc .el \{\ .ev 2 .nf .ti 0 .mk ^t \h'|\\n(^lu+3n'\L'|\\n(^Yu-1v\(bv'\v'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^Yu'\h'-|\\n(^lu+3n' .sp -1 .fi .ev .\} .nr ^v 0 .. .\" # Special macro to handle page bottom: finish off current .\" # box/sidebar if in box/sidebar mode, then invoked standard .\" # page bottom macro. .de ^B .ev 2 'ti 0 'nf .mk ^t .if \\n(^b \{\ .\" Draw three-sided box if this is the box's first page, .\" draw two sides but no top otherwise. .ie !\\n(^b-1 \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\l'\\n(^lu+3n\(ul'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\h'|0u'\c .el \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\h'\\n(^lu+3n'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\h'|0u'\c .\} .if \\n(^v \{\ .nr ^x \\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^Yu \kx\h'-\\nxu'\h'|\\n(^lu+3n'\ky\L'-\\n(^xu'\v'\\n(^xu'\h'|0u'\c .\} .bp 'fi .ev .if \\n(^b \{\ .mk ^y .nr ^b 2 .\} .if \\n(^v \{\ .mk ^Y .\} .. .\" # DS - begin display .de DS .RS .nf .sp .. .\" # DE - end display .de DE .fi .RE .sp .. .\" # SO - start of list of standard options .de SO 'ie '\\$1'' .ds So \\fBoptions\\fR 'el .ds So \\fB\\$1\\fR .SH "STANDARD OPTIONS" .LP .nf .ta 5.5c 11c .ft B .. .\" # SE - end of list of standard options .de SE .fi .ft R .LP See the \\*(So manual entry for details on the standard options. .. .\" # OP - start of full description for a single option .de OP .LP .nf .ta 4c Command-Line Name: \\fB\\$1\\fR Database Name: \\fB\\$2\\fR Database Class: \\fB\\$3\\fR .fi .IP .. .\" # CS - begin code excerpt .de CS .RS .nf .ta .25i .5i .75i 1i .. .\" # CE - end code excerpt .de CE .fi .RE .. .\" # UL - underline word .de UL \\$1\l'|0\(ul'\\$2 .. .\" # QW - apply quotation marks to word .de QW .ie '\\*(lq'"' ``\\$1''\\$2 .\"" fix emacs highlighting .el \\*(lq\\$1\\*(rq\\$2 .. .\" # PQ - apply parens and quotation marks to word .de PQ .ie '\\*(lq'"' (``\\$1''\\$2)\\$3 .\"" fix emacs highlighting .el (\\*(lq\\$1\\*(rq\\$2)\\$3 .. .\" # QR - quoted range .de QR .ie '\\*(lq'"' ``\\$1''\\-``\\$2''\\$3 .\"" fix emacs highlighting .el \\*(lq\\$1\\*(rq\\-\\*(lq\\$2\\*(rq\\$3 .. .\" # MT - "empty" string .de MT .QW "" .. .BS .SH NAME struct::record \- Define and create records (similar to 'C' structures) .SH SYNOPSIS package require \fBTcl 8\&.2\fR .sp package require \fBstruct::record ?1\&.2\&.1?\fR .sp \fBrecord define\fR \fIrecordName\fR \fIrecordMembers\fR ?\fIinstanceName1 instanceName2 \&.\&.\&.\fR? .sp \fBrecord show\fR \fIrecord\fR .sp \fBrecord show\fR \fIinstances\fR \fIrecordName\fR .sp \fBrecord show\fR \fImembers\fR \fIrecordName\fR .sp \fBrecord show\fR \fIvalues\fR \fIinstanceName\fR .sp \fBrecord exists\fR \fIrecord\fR \fIrecordName\fR .sp \fBrecord exists\fR \fIinstance\fR \fIinstanceName\fR .sp \fBrecord delete\fR \fIrecord\fR \fIrecordName\fR .sp \fBrecord delete\fR \fIinstance\fR \fIinstanceName\fR .sp \fIrecordName\fR \fB\fIinstanceName|#auto\fR\fR ?\fI-member1 value1 -member2 value2 \&.\&.\&.\fR? .sp \fIinstanceName\fR \fBcget\fR ?\fI-member1 -member2 \&.\&.\&.\fR? .sp \fIinstanceName\fR \fBconfigure\fR ?\fI-member1 value1 -member2 value2 \&.\&.\&.\fR? .sp .BE .SH DESCRIPTION The \fB::struct::record\fR package provides a mechanism to group variables together as one data structure, similar to a 'C' structure\&. The members of a record can be variables or other records\&. However, a record can not contain circular record, i\&.e\&. records that contain the same record as a member\&. .PP This package was structured so that it is very similar to how Tk objects work\&. Each record definition creates a record object that encompasses that definition\&. Subsequently, that record object can create instances of that record\&. These instances can then be manipulated with the \fBcget\fR and \fBconfigure\fR methods\&. .PP The package only contains one top level command, but several sub commands (see below)\&. It also obeys the namespace in which the record was define, hence the objects returned are fully qualified\&. .TP \fBrecord define\fR \fIrecordName\fR \fIrecordMembers\fR ?\fIinstanceName1 instanceName2 \&.\&.\&.\fR? Defines a record\&. \fIrecordName\fR is the name of the record, and is also used as an object command\&. This object command is used to create instances of the record definition\&. \fIrecordMembers\fR are the members of the record that make up the record definition\&. These are variables and other record\&. If optional \fIinstanceName\fR args are given, then an instance is generated after the definition is created for each \fIinstanceName\fR\&. .TP \fBrecord show\fR \fIrecord\fR Returns a list of records that have been defined\&. .TP \fBrecord show\fR \fIinstances\fR \fIrecordName\fR Returns the instances that have been instantiated by \fIrecordName\fR\&. .TP \fBrecord show\fR \fImembers\fR \fIrecordName\fR Returns the members that are defined for record \fIrecordName\fR\&. It returns the same format as how the records were defined\&. .TP \fBrecord show\fR \fIvalues\fR \fIinstanceName\fR Returns a list of values that are set for the instance \fIinstanceName\fR\&. The output is a list of key/value pairs\&. If there are nested records, then the values of the nested records will itself be a list\&. .TP \fBrecord exists\fR \fIrecord\fR \fIrecordName\fR Tests for the existence of a \fIrecord\fR with the name \fIrecordName\fR\&. .TP \fBrecord exists\fR \fIinstance\fR \fIinstanceName\fR Tests for the existence of a \fIinstance\fR with the name \fIinstanceName\fR\&. .TP \fBrecord delete\fR \fIrecord\fR \fIrecordName\fR Deletes \fIrecordName\fR, and all instances of \fIrecordName\fR\&. It will return an error if the record does not exist\&. .TP \fBrecord delete\fR \fIinstance\fR \fIinstanceName\fR Deletes \fIinstance\fR with the name of \fIinstanceName\fR\&. It will return an error if the instance does not exist\&. .PP .PP .SH "RECORD MEMBERS" Record members can either be variables, or other records, However, the same record can not be nested witin itself (circular)\&. To define a nested record, you need to specify the \fBrecord\fR keyword, along the with name of the record, and the name of the instance of that nested record\&. For example, it would look like this: .PP .CS # this is the nested record record define mynestedrecord { nest1 nest2 } # This is the main record record define myrecord { mem1 mem2 {record mynestedrecord mem3} } .CE You can also assign default or initial values to the members of a record, by enclosing the member entry in braces: .PP .CS record define myrecord { mem1 {mem2 5} } .CE All instances created from this record definition, will initially have 5 as the value for \fImem2\fR\&. If no default is given, then the value will be the empty string\&. .PP \fIGetting Values\fR .PP To get a value of a member, there are several ways to do this\&. .IP [1] To get a member value, then use the instance built-in \fBcget\fR method: .sp \fIinstanceName\fR \fBcget\fR -mem1 .IP [2] To get multiple member values, you can specify them all in one command: .sp \fIinstanceName\fR \fBcget\fR -mem1 -mem2 .IP [3] To get a list of the key/value of all of the members, there are 3 ways: .sp - \fIinstanceName\fR \fBcget\fR .sp - \fIinstanceName\fR \fBconfigure\fR .sp - \fIinstanceName\fR .IP [4] To get a value of a nested member, then use the dot notation: .sp \fIinstanceName\fR \fBcget\fR -mem3\&.nest1 .PP .PP \fISetting Values\fR .PP To set a value of a member, there are several ways to do this\&. .IP [1] To set a member value, then use the instance built-in \fBconfigure\fR method: .sp \fIinstanceName\fR \fBconfigure\fR -mem1 val1 .IP [2] To set multiple member values, you can specify them all in one command: .sp \fIinstanceName\fR \fBconfigure\fR -mem1 va1 -mem2 val2 .IP [3] To set a value of a nested member, then use the dot notation: .sp \fIinstanceName\fR \fBconfigure\fR -mem3\&.nest1 value .PP .PP \fIAlias access\fR .PP In the original implementation, access was done by using dot notation similar to how 'C' structures are accessed\&. However, there was a concensus to make the interface more Tcl like, which made sense\&. However, the original alias access still exists\&. It might prove to be helpful to some\&. .PP Basically, for every member of every instance, an alias is created\&. This alias is used to get and set values for that member\&. An example will illustrate the point, using the above defined records: .PP .CS # Create an instance first % myrecord inst1 ::inst1 % # To get a member of an instance, just use the % # alias (it behaves like a Tcl command): % inst1\&.mem1 % % # To set a member via the alias, just include % # a value (optionally the equal sign - syntactic sugar) % inst1\&.mem1 = 5 5 % inst1\&.mem1 5 % # For nested records, just continue with the % # dot notation (note no equal sign) % inst1\&.mem3\&.nest1 10 10 % inst1\&.mem3\&.nest1 10 % # just the instance by itself gives all % # member/values pairs for that instance % inst1 -mem1 5 -mem2 {} -mem3 {-nest1 10 -nest2 {}} % # and to get all members within the nested record % inst1\&.mem3 -nest1 10 -nest2 {} % .CE .SH "RECORD COMMAND" The following subcommands and corresponding arguments are available to any record command: .TP \fIrecordName\fR \fB\fIinstanceName|#auto\fR\fR ?\fI-member1 value1 -member2 value2 \&.\&.\&.\fR? Using the \fIrecordName\fR object command that was created from the record definition, instances of the record definition can be created\&. Once a instance is created, then it inherits the members of the record definition, very similar to how objects work\&. During instance generation, an object command for the instance is created as well, using \fIinstanceName\fR\&. This object command is used to access the data members of the instance\&. During the instantiation, values for that instance can be given, \fIbut\fR all values must be given, and be given in key/value pairs\&. Nested records, need to be in list format\&. .sp Optionally, \fI#auto\fR can be used in place of \fIinstanceName\fR\&. When #auto is used, then a instance name will automatically be generated, of the form recordName, where is a unique integer (starting at 0) that is generated\&. .PP .PP .SH "INSTANCE COMMAND" The following subcommands and corresponding arguments are available to any record instance command: .TP \fIinstanceName\fR \fBcget\fR ?\fI-member1 -member2 \&.\&.\&.\fR? Each instance has the sub command \fBcget\fR associated with it\&. This is very similar to how Tk widget's cget command works\&. It queries the values of the member for that particular instance\&. If no arguments are given, then a key/value list is returned\&. .TP \fIinstanceName\fR \fBconfigure\fR ?\fI-member1 value1 -member2 value2 \&.\&.\&.\fR? Each instance has the sub command \fBconfigure\fR associated with it\&. This is very similar to how Tk widget's configure command works\&. It sets the values of the particular member for that particular instance\&. If no arguments are given, then a key/value list is returned\&. .PP .SH EXAMPLES Two examples are provided to give an good illustration on how to use this package\&. .PP \fIExample 1\fR .PP Probably the most obvious example would be to hold contact information, such as addresses, phone numbers, comments, etc\&. Since a person can have multiple phone numbers, multiple email addresses, etc, we will use nested records to define these\&. So, the first thing we do is define the nested records: .PP .CS ## ## This is an interactive example, to see what is ## returned by each command as well\&. ## % namespace import ::struct::record::* % # define a nested record\&. Notice that country has default 'USA'\&. % record define locations { street street2 city state zipcode {country USA} phone } ::locations % # Define the main record\&. Notice that it uses the location record twice\&. % record define contacts { first middle last {record locations home} {record locations work} } ::contacts % # Create an instance for the contacts record\&. % contacts cont1 ::cont1 % # Display some introspection values % record show records ::contacts ::locations % # % record show values cont1 -first {} -middle {} -last {} -home {-street {} -street2 {} -city {} -state {} -zipcode {} -country USA -phone {}} -work {-street {} -street2 {} -city {} -state {} -zipcode {} -country USA -phone {}} % # % record show instances contacts ::cont1 % # % cont1 config -first {} -middle {} -last {} -home {-street {} -street2 {} -city {} -state {} -zipcode {} -country USA -phone {}} -work {-street {} -street2 {} -city {} -state {} -zipcode {} -country USA -phone {}} % # % cont1 cget -first {} -middle {} -last {} -home {-street {} -street2 {} -city {} -state {} -zipcode {} -country USA -phone {}} -work {-street {} -street2 {} -city {} -state {} -zipcode {} -country USA -phone {}} % # copy one record to another record % record define contacts2 [record show members contacts] ::contacts2 % record show members contacts2 first middle last {record locations home} {record locations work} % record show members contacts first middle last {record locations home} {record locations work} % .CE .PP \fIExample 1\fR .PP This next example just illustrates a simple linked list .PP .CS % # define a very simple record for linked list % record define llist { value next } ::llist % llist lstart ::lstart % lstart config -value 1 -next [llist #auto] % [lstart cget -next] config -value 2 -next [llist #auto] % [[lstart cget -next] cget -next] config -value 3 -next "end" % set next lstart lstart % while 1 { lappend values [$next cget -value] set next [$next cget -next] if {[string match "end" $next]} {break} } % puts "$values" 1 2 3 % # cleanup linked list % # We could just use delete record llist also % foreach I [record show instances llist] { record delete instance $I } % record show instances llist % .CE .PP .SH "BUGS, IDEAS, FEEDBACK" This document, and the package it describes, will undoubtedly contain bugs and other problems\&. Please report such in the category \fIstruct :: record\fR of the \fITcllib Trackers\fR [http://core\&.tcl\&.tk/tcllib/reportlist]\&. Please also report any ideas for enhancements you may have for either package and/or documentation\&. .SH KEYWORDS data structures, record, struct .SH CATEGORY Data structures .SH COPYRIGHT .nf Copyright (c) 2002, Brett Schwarz .fi