'\" t
.\"     Title: passwd
.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
.\"      Date: 17-05-2017
.\"    Manual: Anv\(:andarkommandon
.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.4
.\"  Language: Swedish
.\"
.TH "PASSWD" "1" "17-05-2017" "shadow\-utils 4\&.4" "Anv\(:andarkommandon"
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.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
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.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el       .ds Aq '
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.nh
.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
.ad l
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.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
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.SH "NAMN"
passwd \- \(:andra anv\(:andarl\(:osenord
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.HP \w'\fBpasswd\fR\ 'u
\fBpasswd\fR [\fIflaggor\fR] [\fIINLOGGNINGSNAMN\fR]
.SH "BESKRIVNING"
.PP
The
\fBpasswd\fR
command changes passwords for user accounts\&. A normal user may only change the password for his/her own account, while the superuser may change the password for any account\&.
\fBpasswd\fR
also changes the account or associated password validity period\&.
.SS "L\(:osenords\(:andringar"
.PP
The user is first prompted for his/her old password, if one is present\&. This password is then encrypted and compared against the stored password\&. The user has only one chance to enter the correct password\&. The superuser is permitted to bypass this step so that forgotten passwords may be changed\&.
.PP
Efter att l\(:osenordet har matats in kontrolleras l\(:osenordets \(oaldringsinformation f\(:or att se om anv\(:andaren till\(oats att \(:andra l\(:osenord f\(:or tillf\(:allet\&. Om inte, nekar
\fBpasswd\fR
att \(:andra l\(:osenordet och avslutas\&.
.PP
Anv\(:andaren fr\(oagas sedan tv\(oa g\(oanger efter ett ers\(:attande l\(:osenord\&. Den andra inmatningen j\(:amf\(:ors mot den f\(:orsta och b\(oada m\(oaste st\(:amma \(:overens f\(:or att l\(:osenordet ska \(:andras\&.
.PP
Sedan testas l\(:osenordet f\(:or sin komplexitet\&. Som en allm\(:an riktlinje b\(:or l\(:osenord inneh\(oalla 6 till 8 tecken och inkluderas ett eller flera tecken fr\(oan var och en av f\(:oljande punkter:
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
gemena bokst\(:aver ur alfabetet
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
siffrorna 0 till 9
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
skiljetecken
.RE
.PP
T\(:ank p\(oa att inte inkludera systemets standardtecken f\(:or radering eller d\(:oda\&.
\fBpasswd\fR
kommer att neka alla l\(:osenord som inte har l\(:amplig komplexitet\&.
.SS "Tips f\(:or anv\(:andarl\(:osenord"
.PP
The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption algorithm and the size of the key space\&. The legacy
\fIUNIX\fR
System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm\&. More recent methods are now recommended (see
\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR)\&. The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the password which is selected\&.
.PP
Problem i l\(:osenordss\(:akerheten brukar normalt komma fr\(oan slarvigt valda l\(:osenord eller hantering\&. Av denna anledning b\(:or du inte v\(:alja ett l\(:osenord som finns i en ordbok eller som m\(oaste skrivas ner\&. L\(:osenordet b\(:or heller inte vara ett korrekt namn, ditt personnummer, f\(:odelsedatum eller gatuadress\&. Dessa kan anv\(:andas som gissningar f\(:or att ta sig in i systemet\&.
.PP
You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en\&.wikipedia\&.org/wiki/Password_strength
.SH "FLAGGOR"
.PP
Flaggorna som g\(:aller f\(:or kommandot
\fBpasswd\fR
\(:ar:
.PP
\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
.RS 4
Denna flagga kan endast anv\(:andas med
\fB\-S\fR
och g\(:or att status visas f\(:or alla anv\(:andare\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR
.RS 4
Ta bort en anv\(:andares l\(:osenord (g\(:or det blankt)\&. Detta \(:ar ett snabbt s\(:att att inaktivera ett l\(:osenord f\(:or ett konto\&. Det kommer att ta bort det angivna kontots l\(:osenord\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expire\fR
.RS 4
L\(:osenordet f\(:or ett konto s\(:atts omedelbart som utg\(oanget\&. Detta kan tvinga en anv\(:andare att \(:andra sitt l\(:osenord vid n\(:asta inloggningsf\(:ors\(:ok\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
.RS 4
Visa hj\(:alpmeddelande och avsluta\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINAKTIV\fR
.RS 4
Denna flagga anv\(:ands f\(:or att inaktivera ett konto efter att l\(:osenordet har varit utg\(oanget i ett antal dagar\&. Efter att ett anv\(:andarkonto har haft ett utg\(oanget l\(:osenord i
\fIINAKTIV\fR
dagar f\(oar anv\(:andaren inte l\(:angre logga in med detta konto\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-tokens\fR
.RS 4
Indicate password change should be performed only for expired authentication tokens (passwords)\&. The user wishes to keep their non\-expired tokens as before\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR
.RS 4
Lock the password of the named account\&. This option disables a password by changing it to a value which matches no possible encrypted value (it adds a \(aa!\(aa at the beginning of the password)\&.
.sp
Note that this does not disable the account\&. The user may still be able to login using another authentication token (e\&.g\&. an SSH key)\&. To disable the account, administrators should use
\fBusermod \-\-expiredate 1\fR
(this set the account\*(Aqs expire date to Jan 2, 1970)\&.
.sp
Users with a locked password are not allowed to change their password\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR
.RS 4
S\(:atter minimalt antal dagar mellan l\(:osenords\(:andringar till
\fIMIN_DAGAR\fR\&. Ett nollv\(:arde f\(:or detta f\(:alt betyder att anv\(:andaren kan \(:andra sitt l\(:osenord n\(:ar som helst\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
.RS 4
Tyst l\(:age\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-repository\fR\ \&\fIF\(:ORR\(oAD\fR
.RS 4
change password in
\fIREPOSITORY\fR
repository
.RE
.PP
\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
.RS 4
Apply changes in the
\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
directory and use the configuration files from the
\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
directory\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-status\fR
.RS 4
Display account status information\&. The status information consists of 7 fields\&. The first field is the user\*(Aqs login name\&. The second field indicates if the user account has a locked password (L), has no password (NP), or has a usable password (P)\&. The third field gives the date of the last password change\&. The next four fields are the minimum age, maximum age, warning period, and inactivity period for the password\&. These ages are expressed in days\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR
.RS 4
Unlock the password of the named account\&. This option re\-enables a password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before using the
\fB\-l\fR
option)\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIVARN_DAGAR\fR
.RS 4
S\(:atter antalet dagar f\(:or varning f\(:ore ett l\(:osenord beh\(:over \(:andras\&. Flaggan
\fIVARN_DAGAR\fR
\(:ar antalet dagar f\(:ore anv\(:andaren varnas om att l\(:osenordet \(:ar p\(oa v\(:ag att bli utg\(oanget\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAGAR\fR
.RS 4
S\(:atter maximalt antal dagar som ett l\(:osenord ska vara giltigt\&. Efter
\fIMAX_DAGAR\fR
kr\(:avs det att l\(:osenordet \(:andras\&.
.RE
.SH "T\(:ANK P\(oA"
.PP
Password complexity checking may vary from site to site\&. The user is urged to select a password as complex as he or she feels comfortable with\&.
.PP
Users may not be able to change their password on a system if NIS is enabled and they are not logged into the NIS server\&.
.PP
\fBpasswd\fR
uses PAM to authenticate users and to change their passwords\&.
.SH "FILER"
.PP
/etc/passwd
.RS 4
Anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
.RE
.PP
/etc/shadow
.RS 4
S\(:aker anv\(:andarkontoinformation\&.
.RE
.PP
/etc/pam\&.d/passwd
.RS 4
PAM configuration for
\fBpasswd\fR\&.
.RE
.SH "AVSLUTNINGSV\(:ARDEN"
.PP
Kommandot
\fBpasswd\fR
avslutas med f\(:oljande v\(:arden:
.PP
\fI0\fR
.RS 4
lyckad
.RE
.PP
\fI1\fR
.RS 4
\(oatkomst nekad
.RE
.PP
\fI2\fR
.RS 4
ogiltig kombination av flaggor
.RE
.PP
\fI3\fR
.RS 4
ov\(:antat fel, ingenting har genomf\(:orts
.RE
.PP
\fI4\fR
.RS 4
ov\(:antat fel, filen
passwd
saknas
.RE
.PP
\fI5\fR
.RS 4
Filen
passwd
\(:ar upptagen, f\(:ors\(:ok igen
.RE
.PP
\fI6\fR
.RS 4
ogiltigt argument till flagga
.RE
.SH "SE OCKS\(oA"
.PP
\fBchpasswd\fR(8),
\fBpasswd\fR(5),
\fBshadow\fR(5),
\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.