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MALLOC_INFO(3) | Linux Programmer's Manual | MALLOC_INFO(3) |
NAME¶
malloc_info - export malloc state to a streamSYNOPSIS¶
#include <malloc.h> int malloc_info(int options, FILE *stream);
DESCRIPTION¶
The malloc_info() function exports an XML string that describes the current state of the memory-allocation implementation in the caller. The string is printed on the file stream stream. The exported string includes information about all arenas (see malloc(3)).As currently implemented, options must be zero.
RETURN VALUE¶
On success, malloc_info() returns 0; on error, it returns -1, with errno set to indicate the cause.ERRORS¶
- EINVAL
- options was nonzero.
VERSIONS¶
malloc_info() was added to glibc in version 2.10.ATTRIBUTES¶
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).Interface | Attribute | Value |
malloc_info () | Thread safety | MT-Safe |
CONFORMING TO¶
This function is a GNU extension.NOTES¶
The memory-allocation information is provided as an XML string (rather than a C structure) because the information may change over time (according to changes in the underlying implementation). The output XML string includes a version field.The open_memstream(3) function can be used to send the output of malloc_info() directly into a buffer in memory, rather than to a file.
The malloc_info() function is designed to address deficiencies in malloc_stats(3) and mallinfo(3).
EXAMPLE¶
The program below takes up to four command-line arguments, of which the first three are mandatory. The first argument specifies the number of threads that the program should create. All of the threads, including the main thread, allocate the number of blocks of memory specified by the second argument. The third argument controls the size of the blocks to be allocated. The main thread creates blocks of this size, the second thread created by the program allocates blocks of twice this size, the third thread allocates blocks of three times this size, and so on.The program calls malloc_info() twice to display the memory-allocation state. The first call takes place before any threads are created or memory allocated. The second call is performed after all threads have allocated memory.
In the following example, the command-line arguments specify the
creation of one additional thread, and both the main thread and the
additional thread allocate 10000 blocks of memory. After the blocks of
memory have been allocated, malloc_info() shows the state of two
allocation arenas.
$ getconf GNU_LIBC_VERSION glibc 2.13 $ ./a.out 1 10000 100 ============ Before allocating blocks ============ <malloc version="1"> <heap nr="0"> <sizes> </sizes> <total type="fast" count="0" size="0"/> <total type="rest" count="0" size="0"/> <system type="current" size="135168"/> <system type="max" size="135168"/> <aspace type="total" size="135168"/> <aspace type="mprotect" size="135168"/> </heap> <total type="fast" count="0" size="0"/> <total type="rest" count="0" size="0"/> <system type="current" size="135168"/> <system type="max" size="135168"/> <aspace type="total" size="135168"/> <aspace type="mprotect" size="135168"/> </malloc> ============ After allocating blocks ============ <malloc version="1"> <heap nr="0"> <sizes> </sizes> <total type="fast" count="0" size="0"/> <total type="rest" count="0" size="0"/> <system type="current" size="1081344"/> <system type="max" size="1081344"/> <aspace type="total" size="1081344"/> <aspace type="mprotect" size="1081344"/> </heap> <heap nr="1"> <sizes> </sizes> <total type="fast" count="0" size="0"/> <total type="rest" count="0" size="0"/> <system type="current" size="1032192"/> <system type="max" size="1032192"/> <aspace type="total" size="1032192"/> <aspace type="mprotect" size="1032192"/> </heap> <total type="fast" count="0" size="0"/> <total type="rest" count="0" size="0"/> <system type="current" size="2113536"/> <system type="max" size="2113536"/> <aspace type="total" size="2113536"/> <aspace type="mprotect" size="2113536"/> </malloc>
Program source¶
#include <unistd.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <malloc.h> #include <errno.h> static size_t blockSize; static int numThreads, numBlocks; #define errExit(msg) do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \ } while (0) static void * thread_func(void *arg) { int j; int tn = (int) arg; /* The multiplier '(2 + tn)' ensures that each thread (including the main thread) allocates a different amount of memory */ for (j = 0; j < numBlocks; j++) if (malloc(blockSize * (2 + tn)) == NULL) errExit("malloc-thread"); sleep(100); /* Sleep until main thread terminates */ return NULL; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int j, tn, sleepTime; pthread_t *thr; if (argc < 4) { fprintf(stderr, "%s num-threads num-blocks block-size [sleep-time]\n", argv[0]); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } numThreads = atoi(argv[1]); numBlocks = atoi(argv[2]); blockSize = atoi(argv[3]); sleepTime = (argc > 4) ? atoi(argv[4]) : 0; thr = calloc(numThreads, sizeof(pthread_t)); if (thr == NULL) errExit("calloc"); printf("============ Before allocating blocks ============\n"); malloc_info(0, stdout); /* Create threads that allocate different amounts of memory */ for (tn = 0; tn < numThreads; tn++) { errno = pthread_create(&thr[tn], NULL, thread_func, (void *) tn); if (errno != 0) errExit("pthread_create"); /* If we add a sleep interval after the start-up of each thread, the threads likely won't contend for malloc mutexes, and therefore additional arenas won't be allocated (see malloc(3)). */ if (sleepTime > 0) sleep(sleepTime); } /* The main thread also allocates some memory */ for (j = 0; j < numBlocks; j++) if (malloc(blockSize) == NULL) errExit("malloc"); sleep(2); /* Give all threads a chance to complete allocations */ printf("\n============ After allocating blocks ============\n"); malloc_info(0, stdout); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); }
SEE ALSO¶
mallinfo(3), malloc(3), malloc_stats(3), mallopt(3), open_memstream(3)COLOPHON¶
This page is part of release 4.10 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest version of this page, can be found at https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.2015-07-23 | GNU |