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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "Plack::Test 3pm"
.TH Plack::Test 3pm "2016-10-26" "perl v5.24.1" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
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.nh
.SH "NAME"
Plack::Test \- Test PSGI applications with various backends
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
.Vb 2
\&  use Plack::Test;
\&  use HTTP::Request::Common;
\&
\&  # Simple OO interface
\&  my $app = sub { return [ 200, [], [ "Hello" ] ] };
\&  my $test = Plack::Test\->create($app);
\&
\&  my $res = $test\->request(GET "/");
\&  is $res\->content, "Hello";
\&
\&  # traditional \- named params
\&  test_psgi
\&      app => sub {
\&          my $env = shift;
\&          return [ 200, [ \*(AqContent\-Type\*(Aq => \*(Aqtext/plain\*(Aq ], [ "Hello World" ] ],
\&      },
\&      client => sub {
\&          my $cb  = shift;
\&          my $req = HTTP::Request\->new(GET => "http://localhost/hello");
\&          my $res = $cb\->($req);
\&          like $res\->content, qr/Hello World/;
\&      };
\&
\&  # positional params (app, client)
\&  my $app = sub { return [ 200, [], [ "Hello" ] ] };
\&  test_psgi $app, sub {
\&      my $cb  = shift;
\&      my $res = $cb\->(GET "/");
\&      is $res\->content, "Hello";
\&  };
.Ve
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
Plack::Test is a unified interface to test \s-1PSGI\s0 applications using
HTTP::Request and HTTP::Response objects. It also allows you to run \s-1PSGI\s0
applications in various ways. The default backend is \f(CW\*(C`Plack::Test::MockHTTP\*(C'\fR,
but you may also use any Plack::Handler implementation to run live \s-1HTTP\s0
requests against a web server.
.SH "METHODS"
.IX Header "METHODS"
.IP "create" 4
.IX Item "create"
.Vb 1
\&  $test = Plack::Test\->create($app, %options);
.Ve
.Sp
creates an instance of Plack::Test implementation class. \f(CW$app\fR has
to be a valid \s-1PSGI\s0 application code reference.
.IP "request" 4
.IX Item "request"
.Vb 1
\&  $res = $test\->request($request);
.Ve
.Sp
takes an HTTP::Request object, runs it through the \s-1PSGI\s0 application to
test and returns an HTTP::Response object.
.SH "FUNCTIONS"
.IX Header "FUNCTIONS"
Plack::Test also provides a functional interface that takes two
callbacks, each of which represents \s-1PSGI\s0 application and \s-1HTTP\s0 client
code that tests the application.
.IP "test_psgi" 4
.IX Item "test_psgi"
.Vb 2
\&  test_psgi $app, $client;
\&  test_psgi app => $app, client => $client;
.Ve
.Sp
Runs the client test code \f(CW$client\fR against a \s-1PSGI\s0 application
\&\f(CW$app\fR. The client callback gets one argument \f(CW$cb\fR, a
callback that accepts an \f(CW\*(C`HTTP::Request\*(C'\fR object and returns an
\&\f(CW\*(C`HTTP::Response\*(C'\fR object.
.Sp
Use HTTP::Request::Common to import shortcuts for creating requests for
\&\f(CW\*(C`GET\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`POST\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`DELETE\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`PUT\*(C'\fR operations.
.Sp
For your convenience, the \f(CW\*(C`HTTP::Request\*(C'\fR given to the callback automatically
uses the \s-1HTTP\s0 protocol and the localhost (\fI127.0.0.1\fR by default), so the
following code just works:
.Sp
.Vb 5
\&  use HTTP::Request::Common;
\&  test_psgi $app, sub {
\&      my $cb  = shift;
\&      my $res = $cb\->(GET "/hello");
\&  };
.Ve
.Sp
Note that however, it is not a good idea to pass an arbitrary
(i.e. user-input) string to \f(CW\*(C`GET\*(C'\fR or even \f(CW\*(C`HTTP::Request\->new\*(C'\fR by assuming that it always represents a path,
because:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&  my $req = GET "//foo/bar";
.Ve
.Sp
would represent a request for a \s-1URL\s0 that has no scheme, has a hostname
\&\fIfoo\fR and a path \fI/bar\fR, instead of a path \fI//foo/bar\fR which you
might actually want.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
Specify the Plack::Test backend using the environment
variable \f(CW\*(C`PLACK_TEST_IMPL\*(C'\fR or \f(CW$Plack::Test::Impl\fR package variable.
.PP
The available values for the backend are:
.IP "MockHTTP" 4
.IX Item "MockHTTP"
(Default) Creates a \s-1PSGI\s0 env hash out of HTTP::Request object, runs
the \s-1PSGI\s0 application in-process and returns HTTP::Response.
.IP "Server" 4
.IX Item "Server"
Runs one of Plack::Handler backends (\f(CW\*(C`Standalone\*(C'\fR by default) and
sends live \s-1HTTP\s0 requests to test.
.IP "ExternalServer" 4
.IX Item "ExternalServer"
Runs tests against an external server specified in the
\&\f(CW\*(C`PLACK_TEST_EXTERNALSERVER_URI\*(C'\fR environment variable instead of spawning the
application in a server locally.
.PP
For instance, test your application with the \f(CW\*(C`HTTP::Server::ServerSimple\*(C'\fR
server backend with:
.PP
.Vb 2
\&  > env PLACK_TEST_IMPL=Server PLACK_SERVER=HTTP::Server::ServerSimple \e
\&    prove \-l t/test.t
.Ve
.SH "AUTHOR"
.IX Header "AUTHOR"
Tatsuhiko Miyagawa