ISAKMPD(8) | System Manager's Manual | ISAKMPD(8) |
NAME¶
isakmpd
—
SYNOPSIS¶
isakmpd |
[-4 ] [-6 ]
[-c config-file]
[-a ] [-d ]
[-D class=level]
[-f fifo]
[-i pid-file]
[-n ]
[-p listen-port]
[-P local-port]
[-K ] [-L ]
[-l packetlog-file]
[-r seed]
[-R report-file]
[-v ] |
DESCRIPTION¶
Theisakmpd
daemon establishes security associations for
encrypted and/or authenticated network traffic. At this moment, and probably
forever, this means ipsec(4) traffic.
The way isakmpd
goes about its work is by
maintaining an internal configuration as well as a policy database which
describes what kinds of SAs to negotiate, and by listening for different
events that trigger these negotiations. The events that control
isakmpd
consist of negotiation initiations from a
remote party, user input via a FIFO or by signals, upcalls from the kernel
via a PF_KEY
socket, and lastly by scheduled events
triggered by timers running out.
Most uses of isakmpd
will be to implement
so called "virtual private networks" or VPNs for short. The
vpn(8) manual page describes how to set up
isakmpd
for a simple VPN. For other uses, some more
knowledge of IKE as a protocol is required. One source of information are
the RFCs mentioned below.
On startup isakmpd
forks into two
processes for privilege separation. The unprivileged child jails itself with
chroot(8) to /var/empty. The
privileged process communicates with the child, reads configuration files
and PKI information and binds to privileged ports on its behalf. See
CAVEATS section below.
The options are as follows:
-4
|-6
- These options control what address family (
AF_INET
and/orAF_INET6
)isakmpd
will use. The default is to use both IPv4 and IPv6. -a
- If given,
isakmpd
does not set up flows automatically. This is useful when flows are configured with ipsecadm(4) or by other programs like bgpd(8). Thusisakmpd
only takes care of the SA establishment. -c
config-file- If given, the
-c
option specifies an alternate configuration file instead of /etc/isakmpd/isakmpd.conf. As this file may contain sensitive information, it must be readable only by the user running the daemon.isakmpd
will reread the configuration file when sent aSIGHUP
signal. -d
- The
-d
option is used to make the daemon run in the foreground, logging to stderr. -D
class=level- Debugging class. It's possible to specify this argument many times. It
takes a parameter of the form
class=level, where both
class and level are numbers.
class denotes a debugging class, and
level the level you want that debugging class to
limit debug printouts at (i.e., all debug printouts above the level
specified will not output anything). If class is set
to ‘A’, then all debugging classes are set to the specified
level.
Valid values for class are as follows:
- 0
- Misc
- 1
- Transport
- 2
- Message
- 3
- Crypto
- 4
- Timer
- 5
- Sysdep
- 6
- SA
- 7
- Exchange
- 8
- Negotiation
- 9
- Policy
- 10
- FIFO user interface
- A
- All
Currently used values for level are 0 to 99.
-f
fifo- The
-f
option specifies the FIFO (a.k.a. named pipe) where the daemon listens for user requests. If the path given is a dash (‘-’),isakmpd
will listen to stdin instead. -i
pid-file- By default the PID of the daemon process will be written to
/var/run/isakmpd.pid. This path can be overridden
by specifying another one as the argument to the
-i
option. -n
- When the
-n
option is given, the kernel will not take part in the negotiations. This is a non-destructive mode, so to speak, in that it won't alter any SAs in the IPsec stack. -p
listen-port- The
-p
option specifies the listen port the daemon will bind to. -P
local-port- On the other hand, the port specified to capital
-P
will be what the daemon binds its local end to when acting as initiator. -K
- When this option is given,
isakmpd
does not read the policy configuration file and no keynote(4) policy check is accomplished. This option can be used when policies for flows and SA establishment are arranged by other programs like ipsecadm(8) or bgpd(8). -L
- Enable IKE packet capture. When this option is given,
isakmpd
will capture to file an unencrypted copy of the negotiation packets it is sending and receiving. This file can later be read by tcpdump(8) and other utilities using pcap(3). -l
packetlog-file- As option
-L
above, but capture to a specified file. -r
seed- If given, a deterministic random number sequence will be used internally. This is useful for setting up regression tests.
-R
report-file- When you signal
isakmpd
aSIGUSR1
, it will report its internal state to a report file, normally /var/run/isakmpd.report, but this can be changed by feeding the file name as an argument to the-R
flag. -v
- Enables verbose logging. Normally,
isakmpd
is silent and outputs only messages when a warning or an error occurs. With verbose loggingisakmpd
reports successful completion of phase 1 (Main and Aggressive) and phase 2 (Quick) exchanges (Information and Transaction exchanges do not generate any additional status information).
Setting up an IKE public key infrastructure (a.k.a. PKI)¶
In order to use public key based authentication, there has to be an infrastructure managing the key signing. Either there is an already existing PKIisakmpd
should take part in, or there will be a
need to set one up. In the former case, what is needed to be done varies
depending on the actual Certificate Authority used, and is therefore not
covered here, other than mentioning that openssl(1) needs to
be used to create a certificate signing request that the CA understands. The
latter case, however, is described here:
- Create your own CA as root.
# openssl genrsa -out /etc/ssl/private/ca.key 1024 # openssl req -new -key /etc/ssl/private/ca.key \ -out /etc/ssl/private/ca.csr
You are then asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name (DN). There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank. For some fields there will be a default value; if you enter ‘.’, the field will be left blank.
# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in /etc/ssl/private/ca.csr \ -signkey /etc/ssl/private/ca.key \ -extfile /etc/ssl/x509v3.cnf -extensions x509v3_CA \ -out /etc/ssl/ca.crt
- Create keys and certificates for your IKE peers. This step as well as the
next one, needs to be done for every peer. Furthermore the last step will
need to be done once for each ID you want the peer to have. The 10.0.0.1
below symbolizes that ID, in this case an IPv4 ID, and should be changed
for each invocation. You will be asked for a DN for each run. Encoding the
ID in the common name is recommended, as it should be unique.
# openssl genrsa -out /etc/isakmpd/private/local.key 1024 # openssl req -new -key /etc/isakmpd/private/local.key \ -out /etc/isakmpd/private/10.0.0.1.csr
Now take these certificate signing requests to your CA and process them like below. You have to add a subjectAltName extension field to the certificate in order to make it usable by
isakmpd
. There are two possible ways to add the extensions to the certificate. Either you have to run certpatch(8) or you have to make use of an OpenSSL configuration file, for example /etc/ssl/x509v3.cnf. Replace 10.0.0.1 with the IP-address whichisakmpd
will use as the certificate identity.To use certpatch(8), do the following
# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in 10.0.0.1.csr -CA /etc/ssl/ca.crt \ -CAkey /etc/ssl/private/ca.key -CAcreateserial \ -out 10.0.0.1.crt # certpatch -i 10.0.0.1 -k /etc/ssl/private/ca.key \ 10.0.0.1.crt 10.0.0.1.crt
Otherwise do
# setenv CERTIP 10.0.0.1 # openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in 10.0.0.1.csr -CA /etc/ssl/ca.crt \ -CAkey /etc/ssl/private/ca.key -CAcreateserial \ -extfile /etc/ssl/x509v3.cnf -extensions x509v3_IPAddr \ -out 10.0.0.1.crt
For a FQDN certificate, do
# setenv CERTFQDN somehost.somedomain # openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in somehost.somedomain.csr \ -CA /etc/ssl/ca.crt -CAkey /etc/ssl/private/ca.key \ -CAcreateserial \ -extfile /etc/ssl/x509v3.cnf -extensions x509v3_FQDN \ -out somehost.somedomain.crt
or with certpatch(8)
# certpatch -t fqdn -i somehost.somedomain \ -k /etc/ssl/private/ca.key \ somehost.somedomain.crt somehost.somedomain.crt
(This assumes the previous steps were used to create a request for somehost.somedomain instead of 10.0.0.1)
Put the certificate (the file ending in .crt) in /etc/isakmpd/certs/ on your local system. Also carry over the CA cert /etc/ssl/ca.crt and put it in /etc/isakmpd/ca/.
To revoke certificates, create a Certificate Revocation List (CRL) file and install it in the /etc/isakmpd/crls/ directory. See openssl(1) and the ‘crl’ subcommand for more info.
It is also possible to store trusted public keys to make them
directly usable by isakmpd
. The keys should be saved
in PEM format (see openssl(1)) and named and stored after
this easy formula:
- For IPv4 identities
- /etc/isakmpd/pubkeys/ipv4/A.B.C.D
- For IPv6 identities
- /etc/isakmpd/pubkeys/ipv6/abcd:abcd::ab:bc
- For FQDN identities
- /etc/isakmpd/pubkeys/fqdn/foo.bar.org
- For UFQDN identities
- /etc/isakmpd/pubkeys/ufqdn/user@foo.bar.org
The FIFO user interface¶
Whenisakmpd
starts, it creates a FIFO (named pipe)
where it listens for user requests. All commands start with a single letter,
followed by command-specific options. Available commands are:
c <name>
- Start the named connection, if stopped or inactive.
C set [section]:tag=value
C set [section]:tag=value force
C add [section]:tag=value
C rm [section]:tag
C rms [section]
- Update the running
isakmpd
configuration atomically. ‘set’ sets a configuration value consisting of a section, tag and value triplet. ‘set’ will fail if the configuration already contains a section with the named tag; use the ‘force’ option to change this behaviour. ‘add’ appends a configuration value to the named configuration list tag. ‘rm’ removes a tag in a section. ‘rms’ removes an entire section.NOTE: Sending isakmpd a SIGHUP or an "R" through the FIFO will void any updates done to the configuration.
C get [section]:tag
- Get the configuration value of the specified section and tag. The result is stored in /var/run/isakmpd.result.
d <cookies> <msgid>
- Delete the specified SA from the system. Specify <msgid> as "-" to match a Phase 1 SA.
D <class> <level>
D A <level>
D T
- Set debug class <class> to level <level>. If <class> is specified as "A", the level applies to all debug classes. "D T" toggles all debug classes to level zero. Another "D T" command will toggle them back to the earlier levels.
p on[=<path>]
p off
- Enable or disable cleartext IKE packet capture. When enabling, optionally
specify which file
isakmpd
should capture the packets to. Q
- Cleanly shutdown the daemon, as when sent a
SIGTERM
signal. r
- Report
isakmpd
internal state to a file. See-R
option. Same as when sent aSIGUSR1
signal. R
- Reinitialize
isakmpd
, as when sent aSIGHUP
signal. S
- Report information on all known SAs to the /var/run/isakmpd.result file.
t <name>
- Tear down the named connection, if active.
T
- Tear down all active connections.
FILES¶
- /etc/isakmpd/ca/
- The directory where CA certificates can be found.
- /etc/isakmpd/certs/
- The directory where IKE certificates can be found, both the local certificate(s) and those of the peers, if a choice to have them kept permanently has been made.
- /etc/isakmpd/crls/
- The directory where CRLs can be found.
- /etc/isakmpd/isakmpd.conf
- The configuration file. As this file can contain sensitive information it
must not be readable by anyone but the user running
isakmpd
. - /etc/isakmpd/isakmpd.policy
- The keynote policy configuration file. The same mode requirements as
isakmpd.conf
. - /etc/isakmpd/private/local.key
- A local private key for certificate based authentication. There has to be
a certificate for this key in the certificate directory mentioned above.
The same mode requirements as
isakmpd.conf
. - /etc/isakmpd/pubkeys/
- Directory in which trusted public keys can be kept. The keys must be named in the fashion described above.
- /var/run/isakmpd.pid
- The PID of the current daemon.
- /var/run/isakmpd.fifo
- The FIFO used to manually control
isakmpd
. - /var/run/isakmpd.pcap
- The default IKE packet capture file.
- /var/run/isakmpd.report
- The report file written when
SIGUSR1
is received. - /var/run/isakmpd.result
- The report file written when the ‘S’ or ‘C get’ command is issued in the command FIFO.
- /usr/share/ipsec/isakmpd/
- A directory containing some sample
isakmpd
and keynote policy configuration files.
SEE ALSO¶
openssl(1), getnameinfo(3), pcap(3), ipsec(4), isakmpd.conf(5), isakmpd.policy(5), ssl(8), tcpdump(8), vpn(8)HISTORY¶
The ISAKMP/Oakley key management protocol is described in the RFCs RFC 2407, RFC 2408 and RFC 2409. This implementation was done 1998 by Niklas Hallqvist and Niels Provos, sponsored by Ericsson Radio Systems.CAVEATS¶
When storing a trusted public key for an IPv6 identity, the most efficient form of address representation, i.e "::" instead of ":0:0:0:", must be used or the matching will fail.isakmpd
uses the output from
getnameinfo(3) for the address-to-name translation. The
privileged process only allows binding to the default port 500 or unprivileged
ports (>1024). It is not possible to change the interfaces
isakmpd
listens on without a restart.
BUGS¶
The-P
flag does not do what we document, rather it does
nothing.
August 7, 2002 | Linux 4.9.0-9-amd64 |