'\" t
.\"<!-- Copyright 2000-2015 Double Precision, Inc.  See COPYING for -->
.\"<!-- distribution information. -->
.\"     Title: couriertcpd
.\"    Author: Sam Varshavchik
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.78.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
.\"      Date: 06/27/2015
.\"    Manual: Double Precision, Inc.
.\"    Source: Courier Mail Server
.\"  Language: English
.\"
.TH "COURIERTCPD" "1" "06/27/2015" "Courier Mail Server" "Double Precision, Inc."
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" * Define some portability stuff
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el       .ds Aq '
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" * set default formatting
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" disable hyphenation
.nh
.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
.ad l
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.SH "NAME"
couriertcpd \- the Courier mail server TCP server daemon
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.HP \w'\fBcouriertcpd\fR\ 'u
\fBcouriertcpd\fR [\-pid=\fIpidfile\fR] [\fIoption\fR...] {\fIlist\fR} {\fIprogram\fR} {\fIarg\fR...}
.HP \w'\fBcouriertcpd\fR\ 'u
\fBcouriertcpd\fR {\-pid=\fIpidfile\fR} {\-stop}
.HP \w'\fBcouriertcpd\fR\ 'u
\fBcouriertcpd\fR {\-pid=\fIpidfile\fR} {\-restart}
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.PP
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
accepts incoming network connections, and runs
\fBprogram\fR
after establishing each network connection\&. The
\fBprogram\fR\*(Aqs standard input and output are set to the network connection\&.
.PP
\fIlist\fR
is a comma\-separated list of TCP port numbers where incoming connections are created\&.
\fBprogram\fR
is the program to run\&. If
\fBprogram\fR
requires any arguments, they are specified on the command line, after
\fBprogram\fR
itself\&.
.PP
Before running
\fBprogram\fR,
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
initializes several environment variables that describe the network connection\&. The environment inherited by
\fBprogram\fR
will be the environment inherited by
\fBcouriertcpd\fR, plus any additional environment variables initialized by
\fBcouriertcpd\fR\&. It is also possible to reject certain network connections\&. Several options are available to specify which network connections will be rejected\&.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.PP
\-access=\fIfilename\fR
.RS 4
Specifies an optional access file\&. The access file lists the IP addresses from which connections should be accepted or rejected\&. The access file is also used to initialize environment variables based on the IP address of the connection\&.
\fIfilename\fR
is a GDBM or DB database file that\*(Aqs usually created by a script from one or more text files\&. See "ACCESS FILE" below for more information\&.
.RE
.PP
\-accesslocal
.RS 4
Lookup the local interface IP and port in the access file, in addition to looking up the remote IP\&. This gives a mechanism for setting environment variables depending on which IP address and/or port the client connected to\&. In the access file, "1\&.2\&.3\&.4\&.25" matches connections to IP address 1\&.2\&.3\&.4 port 25; "1\&.2\&.3\&.4" matches connections to IP address 1\&.2\&.3\&.4 on any port; and "*\&.25" matches connections to port 25 on any IP address\&.
.RE
.PP
\-address=\fIn\&.n\&.n\&.n\fR
.RS 4
Accept network connections only to IP address
\fIn\&.n\&.n\&.n\fR\&. If not specified,
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
accepts connections to any IP address that the system accepts connections on\&. If the system has multiple network interfaces with separate IP addresses, this option makes
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
accept connections only to one specific IP address\&. Most systems have multiple network interfaces: the loopback interface, plus the local network interface, so that
\-address=127\&.0\&.0\&.1
accepts connections only from the local system\&. When multiple port numbers are specified, it is also possible to selectively bind different network addresses to each port number when
\fIlist\fR
specifies more than one port number\&. See "\m[blue]\fBMultiple port list\fR\m[]\&\s-2\u[1]\d\s+2" below for more information\&.
.RE
.PP
\-block=\fIzone\fR[,\fIvar\fR[/\fIn\&.n\&.n\&.n\fR][,\fImsg\fR]] or \-allow=\fIzone\fR[,\fIvar\fR[/\fIn\&.n\&.n\&.n\fR[,]]]
.RS 4
Initialize the environment variable
\fIvar\fR
if both of the following conditions are true:
\fIvar\fR
is not already initialized; the connecting IP address can be found in a DNS\-based access list\&. See DNS ACCESS LISTS, below\&. Multiple
\fB\-block\fR
and
\fB\-allow\fR
options can be specified\&.
.sp
\fB\-block\fR
and
\fB\-allow\fR
are very similar, differing only in minor semantics\&.
\fB\-block\fR\*(Aqs semantics are more appropriate for using DNS access list to block access, and
\fB\-allow\fR\*(Aqs semantics are more appropriate for using DNS access list to whitelist IP addresses and exempt them even if they appear in other
\fB\-block\fRed zones\&.
.RE
.PP
\-denymsg=\fItext\fR
.RS 4
Specifies an optional message to be returned to the client if the
\fI\-access\fR
option rejects them\&. The default is to drop the TCP connection without sending back any messages\&.
.RE
.PP
\-drop=\fIvar\fR
.RS 4
If the environment variable
\fIvar\fR
is set to a nonempty value, terminate immediately\&. Do not run the
\fBprogram\fR
to handle the connection\&. See DNS ACCESS LISTS, below, for more information\&.
\fIvar\fR
defaults to
\(lqBLOCK\(rq, if not specified\&.
.RE
.PP
\-group=\fIgroup\fR
.RS 4
Set
\fBcouriertcpd\fR\*(Aqs its group ID\&.
\fIgroup\fR
may be specified numerically, or by its name\&. Only the superuser may use
\fB\-group\fR\&.
.RE
.PP
\-listen=\fIn\fR
.RS 4
Length of the queue which holds pending connections\&.
\fIn\fR
is a number\&. If not specified, the system default is used\&.
.RE
.PP
\-maxperc=\fIn\fR
.RS 4
Maximum number of connections accepted from the same C network block\&. Using this option is recommended, because connection slots are limited\&. Without this option, the same C network block can potentially use up all available connection slots\&.
.RE
.PP
\-maxperip=\fIn\fR
.RS 4
Maximum number of connections accepted from the same IP address\&. Use both the
\fB\-maxperc\fR
and
\fB\-maxperip\fR
options to fine tune connection limits\&. For example, when
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
is listening on the SMTP port it makes sense to set an upper limit on the number of connections from the same C block\&. Domains that send a large amount of mail often have multiple servers sending outbound mail from the same C block, so it makes sense to set limits on individual C blocks\&. On the other hand, if
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
is listening on the POP3 port it makes more sense to set limits on individual IP addresses\&. If a C block of addresses is assigned to a dialup modem pool, it is certainly possible to have many IP addresses within the same C block have connections to the POP3 server at the same time\&.
.sp
The
\fB\-maxperip\fR
option can be overridden for a given IP address by setting the
\fBMAXCPERIP\fR
environment variable, see
\(lqSetting environment variables\(rq
for more information\&.
.RE
.PP
\-maxprocs=\fIn\fR
.RS 4
Maximum number of connection slots, or the maximum number of processes started\&. This effectively specifies the maximum number of connections accepted at the same time\&. After the maximum number of connections has been opened,
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
waits for an existing connection to close, before accepting any more connections\&.
.RE
.PP
\-warn=\fIn\fR
.RS 4
Log a
\fBLOG_WARNING\fR
message to syslog when the number of active processes exceeds
\fIn\fR\&. The default is 90% of
\fImaxprocs\fR\&.
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
logs a
\fBLOG_ALERT\fR
syslog message when the number of active processes reaches the maximum\&.
.RE
.PP
\-nodnslookup
.RS 4
Do not look up the hostname associated with connecting IP address and the local addres, do not initialize the
\fBTCPREMOTEHOST\fR
or
\fBTCPLOCALHOST\fR
environment variables (see below)\&.
.RE
.PP
\-noidentlookup
.RS 4
Do not perform an
\fIident\fR
lookup, and do not initialize the
\fBTCPREMOTEINFO\fR
environment variable\&.
.RE
.PP
\-pid=\fIfilename\fR
.RS 4
If given,
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
puts itself into the background and saves its process ID in this file, usually somewhere in
/var/run\&.
.sp
This option must also be present when using the
\fB\-restart\fR
and
\fB\-stop\fR
options\&.
.RE
.PP
\-restart
.RS 4
Send a SIGHUP to an existing
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
process\&. Specify the same
\fB\-pid\fR
argument as the one that was used to start
\fBcouriertcpd\fR\&. The process ID is read from the
\fB\-pid\fR
file, and the
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
receives a SIGHUP signal\&.
.RE
.PP
\-stderr=socket
.RS 4
Set
\fBprogram\fR\*(Aqs standard error to the network connection, just like its standard input and output\&.
.RE
.PP
\-stderr=\fIlogfile\fR
.RS 4
Set
\fBprogram\fR\*(Aqs standard error to the specified file,
logfile\&. The file is created, if necessary, and is opened in append mode\&.
.RE
.PP
\-stderrlogger=\fIlogprogram\fR
.RS 4
Set
\fBprogram\fR\*(Aqs standard error to a pipe, which is read by
\fBlogprogram\fR\&. Only one instance of
\fIlogger\fR
is started, which receives standard error from every instance of
\fBprogram\fR\&. The specified
\fIlogger\fR
is executed with the output end of the stderr pipe connected as standard input\&.
\fIlogprogram\fR
is executed with one argument \-
\fBprogram\fR\*(Aqs name\&.
.RE
.PP
\-stderrloggername=name
.RS 4
Use
\fIname\fR
as the argument to
\fIlogprogram\fR, instead of the
\fBprogram\fR\*(Aqs name\&.
.RE
.PP
\-stop
.RS 4
Stop (kill) an existing
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
process\&. Specify the same
\fB\-pid\fR
argument as the one that was used to start
\fBcouriertcpd\fR\&. The process ID is read from the
\fB\-pid\fR
file, and the
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
process is killed\&. All child processes of
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
will receive a SIGTERM signal\&.
.RE
.PP
\-user=\fIuser\fR
.RS 4
Set
\fBcouriertcpd\fR\*(Aqs user ID\&. Also, the group ID is set to the user\*(Aqs group ID\&. Using both
\fB\-group\fR
and
\fB\-user\fR
is not necessary\&. Only the superuser can specify
\fB\-user\fR\&.
.RE
.SH "MULTIPLE PORT LIST"
.PP
The
\fIlist\fR
argument can be a comma\-separated list of multiple port numbers\&.
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
will create network connections on any listed port\&. Each port number can be optionally specified as "address\&.port", for example:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
couriertcpd \-pid=/var/run/smtp\&.pid 127\&.0\&.0\&.1\&.25,999 \fIprogram\fR
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
This instance accepts network connections to either port 25 or port 999, however connections on port 25 are created only on the IP address 127\&.0\&.0\&.1, the loopback interface\&.
.PP
Whenever an IP address is not specified, network connections are accepted to any IP address (called "wildcarding")\&. On IPv6\-capable systems,
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
will attempt to create two incoming network connection ports, if an IP address is not specified\&. After creating the first port as an IPv6 wildcard port, couriertcpd will then attept to create an IPv4 wildcard port, with the same port number\&. Some BSD\-derived systems must use separate IPv6 and IPv4 wildcard ports to create incoming network connections\&. Most other systems only need an IPv6 port to create both IPv6 and IPv4 incoming network connections\&.
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
quietly ignores a failure to create an IPv4 wildcard port, as long as an IPv6 wildcard was succesfully created\&.
.PP
The
\fB\-address\fR
option can be used to default a specific IP address for every listed port number\&. For example:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
couriertcpd \-pid=/var/run/smtp\&.pid 127\&.0\&.0\&.1\&.25,127\&.0\&.0\&.1\&.999 \fIprogram\fR
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
and
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
couriertcpd \-pid=/var/run/smtp\&.pid \-address=127\&.0\&.0\&.1 25,999 \fIprogram\fR
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
will create network connections on ports 25 and 999 of the IP address 127\&.0\&.0\&.1\&.
.SH "ACCESS FILE"
.PP
The access file lists IP addresses that
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
will accept or reject connections from\&. An access file is optional\&. Without an access file
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
accepts a connection from any IP address\&.
.PP
Both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses can be specified, if IPv6 support is available\&. A non\-standard syntax is currently used to specify IPv6 addresses\&. This is subject to change in the near future\&. IPv6 support is currently considered to be experimental\&.
.PP
The access file is a binary database file that\*(Aqs usually created by a script, such as
\m[blue]\fB\fBmakesmtpaccess\fR(8)\fR\m[]\&\s-2\u[2]\d\s+2, or
\m[blue]\fB\fBmakeimapaccess\fR(8)\fR\m[]\&\s-2\u[3]\d\s+2, from one or more plain text files\&. Blank lines in the text file are ignored\&. Lines that start with the # character are also ignored\&.
.SS "Rejecting and accepting connections by IP address"
.PP
The following line instructs
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
to reject all connections from an IP address range:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
netblock<tab>deny
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
\fInetblock\fR
is an IP address, such as
192\&.68\&.0\&.2\&.
<tab>
is the ASCII tab character\&. There MUST be exactly one tab character after the IP address and the word "deny"\&.
.PP
You can also block connections from an entire network C block:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
192\&.68\&.0<tab>deny
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
This blocks connections from IP addresses
192\&.68\&.0\&.0
through
192\&.68\&.0\&.255\&. Blocking connections from an entire B or A network block works the same way\&.
.PP
Use the word "allow" instead of "deny" to explicitly allow connections from that IP address or netblock\&. For example:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
192\&.68\&.0<tab>deny
192\&.68\&.0\&.10<tab>allow
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
This blocks all connections from
192\&.68\&.0\&.0
to
192\&.68\&.0\&.255
except for
192\&.68\&.0\&.10\&. These two lines can occur in any order\&.
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
always uses the line with the most specific IP address\&.
.PP
If the IP address of the connection is not found in the access file the connection is accepted by default\&. The following line causes unlisted connections to be rejected:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
*<tab>deny
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.SS "IPv6 addresses"
.if n \{\
.sp
.\}
.RS 4
.it 1 an-trap
.nr an-no-space-flag 1
.nr an-break-flag 1
.br
.ps +1
\fBNote\fR
.ps -1
.br
.PP
IPv6 support in the access file is experimental, and is subject to change in a future release\&. The following syntax is subject to change at any time\&.
.sp .5v
.RE
.PP
The access file can also specify IPv6 addresses, if IPv6 support is available\&. The existing IPv4 address format is used for IPv6\-mapped IPv4 addresses, and no changes are required\&. For all other IPv6 addresses use the following format:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
:hhhh:hhhh:hhhh:hhhh:hhhh:hhhh:hhhh:hhhh<tab>\fIaction\fR
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
The IPv6 address must begin with :\&. The initial : character is not really a part of the IPv6 address, it is only used to designate this record as an IPv6 address, allowing an access file to contain a mixture of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses\&. The IPv6 address follows the initial : character, and it must be spelled out
\fIusing zero\-padded lowercase hexadecimal digits\fR\&. For example:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:f643:00a2:9354<tab>deny
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
Netblocks must be specified using even\-word boundaries only:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
:3ffe<tab>deny
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
This will deny entire 3ffe::/16 (6bone network, which is phased out)\&.
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
:2002:c0a8<tab>deny
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
This will deny 2002:c0a8::/32 (6to4 addresses derived from private address space)\&.
.SS "Setting environment variables"
.PP
allow
can be optionally followed by a list of environment variable assignments, separated by commas\&. The environment variables are set before executing
\fBprogram\fR
or checking access lists (see below)\&. For example:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
192\&.68\&.0<tab>allow,RELAYCLIENT
192\&.68\&.0\&.10<tab>allow,RELAYCLIENT,SIZELIMIT=1000000
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
This sets
\fBRELAYCLIENT\fR
environment variable for connections from the
192\&.68\&.0
block\&. In addition to that, the
\fBSIZELIMIT\fR
environment variable is set to
1000000
if the connection comes from the IP address
192\&.68\&.0\&.10\&.
.PP
Note that
\fBRELAYCLIENT\fR
must be explicitly specified for the IP address
192\&.68\&.0\&.10\&. The first line is NOT used for connections from this IP address\&.
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
only reads one entry from the access file, the entry for the most specific IP address\&.
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
192\&.68\&.0\&.10<tab>allow,MAXCPERIP=100
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
itself implements the
\fBMAXCPERIP\fR
environment variable setting in the access file, as an override to the
\fB\-maxperip\fR
parameter, which specifies the maximum number of connections from the same IP address\&. If specified in the access file for an IP address, or an IP address range, the value given by
\fBMAXCPERIP\fR
overrides it\&.
.SS "DNS ACCESS LISTS"
.PP
An alternative to listing banned IP addresses in access files is to use an external DNS\-based IP access list\&.
.PP
There is no provision to support IPv6\-based lists, because none yet exist\&. IPv6\-based access list support will be added in the future\&.
.PP
\fBcouriertcpd\fR\*(Aqs default configuration does not automatically reject connections from banned IP address unless the
\fB\-drop\fR
option is present\&. Instead,
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
sets an environment variable if the connecting address has a hit in the DNS access list\&. The
Courier
mail server rejects all mail if the connection\*(Aqs environment has the environment variable
\fBBLOCK\fR
set to a non\-empty string, and it just so happens that
\fB\-block\fR
and
\fB\-allow\fR
set the
\fBBLOCK\fR
environment variable by default\&.
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
\-allow=dnswl\&.example\&.com \-block=dnsbl\&.example\&.com
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
\fB\-allow\fR
and
\fB\-block\fR\*(Aqs parameter gives the DNS zone where the access list query gets performed\&. In this example,
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
makes a DNS query for
\(lqd\&.c\&.b\&.a\&.dnswl\&.example\&.com\(rq, then, if necessary, for
\(lqd\&.c\&.b\&.a\&.dnsbl\&.example\&.com\(rq, for a connection from the IP address
\fIa\&.b\&.c\&.d\fR\&.
.PP
If the DNS query succeeds (more details below),
\fB\-allow\fR
sets the environment variable to an empty string, and
\fB\-block\fR
sets the environment variable from the
TXT
record in the DNS response, or to
\(lqAccess denied\&.\(rq
if the DNS access list did not return a
TXT
record\&. It should be possible to use
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
with DNS access lists that use either
A
or
TXT
records\&.
.PP
The DNS zone parameter to
\fB\-allow\fR
and
\fB\-block\fR
has up to three additional components, which must be given in the following order, if more than one optional component gets specified:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
\-allow=dnswl\&.example\&.com,BLOCK2
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
The environment variable that gets set by the DNS access list query can be changed from the default of
\fBBLOCK\fR
to something else,
\fBBLOCK2\fR
in this example\&. The
Courier
mail server pays attention only to
\fBBLOCK\fR, this is for the benefit of local or custom hacks, which want to leverage
\fBcouriertcpd\fR\*(Aqs DNS access list lookup facilities, but want it for other purposes\&.
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
\-block=dnsbl\&.example\&.com/127\&.0\&.0\&.2
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
\fBcouriertcpd\fR\*(Aqs DNS access list lookup normally ignores the contents of the actual
A
record in the DNS access list, however some DNS access lists may use different
A
record to indicate different kinds of records\&. Given an explicit IP address to
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
results in the environment variable getting set only if the lookup returned the matching
A
record\&. An
A
record must exist in the DNS access list, in addition to any
TXT
record\&. If an explicit IP address is not given, any
A
or
TXT
record sets
\fB\-allow\fR
and
\fB\-block\fR\*(Aqs environment variable\&.
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
\-block=dnsbl\&.example\&.com,BLOCK,Go away
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
The last component specifies a custom message that overrides any
TXT
record in the DNS access list\&. Note that this is a single parameter to
couriertcpd, so the parameter must be quoted if it contains any spaces or special shell metacharacters\&.
.PP
The custom message parameter gets specified for the
\fB\-block\fR, option\&.
\fB\-allow\fR
also allows takes this parameter, but it has a different meaning\&. If its set, even if it\*(Aqs an empty string,
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
looks for
TXT
records in the DNS access list that\*(Aqs used as a whitelist, in addition to the
A
records (using the
\(lqany\(rq
query):
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
\-allow=dnswl\&.example\&.com,BLOCK,
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
Without this parameter
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
queries for
A
records only\&.
.PP
Finally, a literal IP address, if given, must always follow the variable name:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
\-block=dnsbl\&.example\&.com,BLOCK/127\&.0\&.0\&.2,Go away
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
\fB\-block\fR
normally searches the DNS access list for either
A
or
TXT
records using the
\(lqany\(rq
DNS query\&. Sometimes this can cause problems, or not work at all, with older DNS servers\&. Specifying a custom message results in
\fB\-block\fR
executing an ordinary
A
DNS query\&.
\fB\-allow\fR
always uses an
A
query\&.
.SS "MULTIPLE DNS LISTS"
.PP
Multiple
\fB\-block\fR
and
\fB\-allow\fR
options can be given\&. The connecting IP address gets looked up in multiple access lists\&. This is implemented as follows\&.
.PP
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
processes all
\fB\-block\fR
and
\fB\-allow\fR
options in list order\&. If each option\*(Aqs environment variable (\fBBLOCK\fR
or something else) is already set,
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
skips the DNS access list lookup\&. Therefore, when multiple options use the same environment variable, the first DNS access list it exists in will set the environment variable, and the remaining ones get ignored, but any remaining
\fB\-block\fRs and
\fB\-allow\fRs for different environment variables still get processed\&.
.PP
It follows that, in general,
\fB\-allow\fR
options should always be listed first, before any
\fB\-block\fRs; but it\*(Aqs also possible to implement a complicated policy with some
\fB\-allow\fRs, then some
\fB\-block\fRs, then more
\fB\-allow\fRs and
\fB\-block\fRs\&.
.SS "ADDITIONAL DNS ACCESS LIST VARIABLES"
.PP
Three additional environment variables may get set in conjunction with a successful DNS access list lookup:
.PP
BLOCK_IP
.RS 4
.PP
The contents of the
A
record in the DNS access list, if one exists (this is not set for DNS access lists that use TXT record)\&.
.RE
.PP
BLOCK_TXT
.RS 4
.PP
The contents of the
TXT
record in the DNS access list, if one exists\&. This will generally be the same as
\fBBLOCK\fR
for
\fB\-block\fRs, but will also provide the contents of the
TXT
record for
\fB\-allow\fRs (if it has a dummy custom message portion) which always set
\fBBLOCK\fR
to an empty string\&.
.RE
.PP
BLOCK_ZONE
.RS 4
.PP
The DNS zone of the succesfull access list lookup, like
\(lqdnsbl\&.example\&.com\(rq\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-block\fR
and
\fB\-allow\fR
options that specify a custom environment variable name follow the same naming convention, of appending
\(lq_IP\(rq,
\(lq_TXT\(rq, and
\(lq_ZONE\(rq
suffix to the name of the custom environment variable\&.
.SS "USING DNS WHITELISTS WITH SPF"
.PP
Including
\(lqallowok\(rq
keyword in an SPF setting automatically passes the SPF check for senders whose IP address is found in an
\fB\-allow\fR\-ed access list\&. See
\m[blue]\fB\fBcourier\fR(8)\fR\m[]\&\s-2\u[4]\d\s+2\&.
.SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
.PP
\fBcouriertcpd\fR
also initializes the following environment variables prior to running
\fBprogram\fR:
.PP
TCPLOCALHOST
.RS 4
The name of the host on the local end of the network connection, looked up in DNS\&.
\fBTCPLOCALHOST\fR
will not be set if the IP address of the network connection\*(Aqs local end cannot be found in DNS, or if
\fB\-nodnslookup\fR
option is specified\&.
\fBTCPLOCALHOST\fR
will be set to the string
\fBsoftdnserr\fR
if the DNS lookup fails with a temporary error (so you cannot tell if the IP address has a valid host name associated with it), or if the reverse and forward DNS lookups do not match\&.
\fBTCPLOCALHOST\fR
will not be set if the reverse DNS lookup fails completely\&.
.RE
.PP
TCPLOCALIP
.RS 4
The IP address of the local end of the network connection\&.
.RE
.PP
TCPLOCALPORT
.RS 4
Rhe number of the port of the local end of the network connection\&.
.RE
.PP
TCPREMOTEHOST
.RS 4
The hostname of the connecting host\&. Like
\fBTCPLOCALHOST\fR, but for the connecting IP address\&.
.RE
.PP
TCPREMOTEIP
.RS 4
Connecting IP address\&.
.RE
.PP
TCPREMOTEINFO
.RS 4
Identification string received from the IDENT server on the remote IP address\&. Not set if the IDENT server returned an error, or if the
\fB\-noidentlookup\fR
option was specified\&.
.RE
.PP
TCPREMOTEPORT
.RS 4
TCP port of the remote end of the network connection\&.
.RE
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.PP
\m[blue]\fB\fBcourier\fR(8)\fR\m[]\&\s-2\u[4]\d\s+2\&.
.SH "AUTHOR"
.PP
\fBSam Varshavchik\fR
.RS 4
Author
.RE
.SH "NOTES"
.IP " 1." 4
Multiple port list
.RS 4
\%[set $man.base.url.for.relative.links]/#list
.RE
.IP " 2." 4
\fBmakesmtpaccess\fR(8)
.RS 4
\%[set $man.base.url.for.relative.links]/makesmtpaccess.html
.RE
.IP " 3." 4
\fBmakeimapaccess\fR(8)
.RS 4
\%[set $man.base.url.for.relative.links]/makeimapaccess.html
.RE
.IP " 4." 4
\fBcourier\fR(8)
	
.RS 4
\%[set $man.base.url.for.relative.links]/courier.html
.RE