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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "BIBER 1p"
.TH BIBER 1p "2017-02-08" "perl v5.24.1" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
"biber" \- A bibtex replacement for users of biblatex
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
.Vb 2
\&  biber [options] file[.bcf]
\&  biber [options] \-\-tool <datasource>
\&
\&  Creates "file.bbl" using control file "file.bcf" (".bcf" extension is
\&  optional). Normally use with biblatex requires no options as they are
\&  all set in biblatex and passed via the ".bcf" file
\&
\&  In "tool" mode (see B<\-\-tool> option), takes a datasource (defaults to
\&  "bibtex" datasource) and outputs a copy of the datasource with any command\-line
\&  or config file options applied.
\&
\&  Please run "biber \-\-help" for option details
.Ve
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
\&\f(CW\*(C`biber\*(C'\fR provides a replacement of the bibtex processor for users of biblatex.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
.IP "\fB\-\-annotation\-marker=[marker]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--annotation-marker=[marker]"
Sets the suffix which can be appended to a BibTeX data source field name to
indicate that the value of the field is a data annotation. The default is \f(CW\*(C`+an\*(C'\fR.
.IP "\fB\-\-cache\fR" 4
.IX Item "--cache"
If running as a PAR::Packer binary, show the cache location and exit.
.IP "\fB\-\-clrmacros\fR" 4
.IX Item "--clrmacros"
Clears any BibTeX macros (@STRING) between BibLaTeX refsections. This prevents
BibTeX warnings about macro redefinitions if you are using the same datasource
several times for different refsections.
.IP "\fB\-\-collate\-options|\-c [options]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--collate-options|-c [options]"
Options to pass to the \f(CW\*(C`Unicode::Collate\*(C'\fR object used for sorting
(default is 'level => \*(L"4\*(R", variable => \*(L"non\-ignorable\*(R"').
See \f(CW\*(C`perldoc Unicode::Collate\*(C'\fR for details.
.IP "\fB\-\-configfile|\-g [file]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--configfile|-g [file]"
Use \fIfile\fR as configuration file for \f(CW\*(C`biber\*(C'\fR.
The default is the first file found among
\&\fIbiber.conf\fR in the current directory, \f(CW\*(C`$HOME/.biber.conf\*(C'\fR,
or else the output of \f(CW\*(C`kpsewhich biber.conf\*(C'\fR.
In tool mode, (\fB\-\-tool\fR) the \fIbiber\-tool.conf\fR installed with Biber is
always used to set defaults before potentially overriding the defaults with a user-defined
config specified with this option. Use the \fB\-\-tool\-config\fR option to view the location of
the default tool mode config file.
.IP "\fB\-\-convert\-control\fR" 4
.IX Item "--convert-control"
Converts the \fI.bcf\fR control file into html using an \s-1XSLT\s0 transform. Can
be useful for debugging. File is named by appending \f(CW\*(C`.html\*(C'\fR
to \fI.bcf\fR file.
.IP "\fB\-\-decodecharsset=[recode set name]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--decodecharsset=[recode set name]"
The set of characters included in the conversion routine when decoding
LaTeX macros into \s-1UTF\-8 \s0(which happens when \fB\-\-bblencoding|\-E\fR is set to
\&\s-1UTF\-8\s0). Set to \*(L"full\*(R" to try harder with a much larger set or \*(L"base\*(R" to
use a smaller basic set. Default is \*(L"base\*(R". You may want to try \*(L"full\*(R"
if you have less common \s-1UTF\-8\s0 characters in your data source. The recode
sets are defined in the reencoding data file which can be customised.
See the \-\-recodedata option and the \s-1PDF\s0 manual. The virtual set name \*(L"null\*(R"
may be specified which effectively turns off macro decoding.
.IP "\fB\-\-debug|\-D\fR" 4
.IX Item "--debug|-D"
Turn on debugging for \f(CW\*(C`biber\*(C'\fR.
.IP "\fB\-\-dieondatamodel\fR" 4
.IX Item "--dieondatamodel"
Exit immediately with error if using \f(CW\*(C`\-\-validate\-datamodel\*(C'\fR and a datamodel validation
error is found. Default is to warn and continue.
.IP "\fB\-\-dot\-include=section,field,xdata,crossref,xref,related\fR" 4
.IX Item "--dot-include=section,field,xdata,crossref,xref,related"
Specifies the element to include in GraphViz \s-1DOT\s0 output format if the output format is 'dot'.
You can also choose to display crossref, xref, xdata and/or related entry connections.
The default if not specified is \f(CW\*(C`\-\-dot_include=section,xdata,crossref,xref\*(C'\fR.
.IP "\fB\-\-fixinits\fR" 4
.IX Item "--fixinits"
Try to fix broken multiple initials when they have no space between them in BibTeX
data sources. That is, \*(L"A.B. Clarke\*(R" becomes \*(L"A. B. Clarke\*(R" before name parsing.
This can slightly mess up things like \*(L"{U.K. Government}\*(R" and other esoteric cases.
.IP "\fB\-\-help|\-h\fR" 4
.IX Item "--help|-h"
Show this help message.
.IP "\fB\-\-input\-directory [directory]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--input-directory [directory]"
\&\fI.bcf\fR and data files will be looked for first in the \fIdirectory\fR. See the biber
\&\s-1PDF\s0 documentation for the other possibilities and how this interacts with the
\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-output_directory\*(C'\fR option.
.IP "\fB\-\-input\-encoding|\-e [encoding]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--input-encoding|-e [encoding]"
Specify the encoding of the data source file(s). Default is \*(L"\s-1UTF\-8\*(R"\s0
Normally it's not necessary to set this as it's passed via the
\&.bcf file from biblatex's \f(CW\*(C`bibencoding\*(C'\fR option.
See \*(L"perldoc Encode::Supported\*(R" for a list of supported encodings.
The legacy option \fB\-\-bibencoding\fR is supported as an alias.
.IP "\fB\-\-input\-format=bibtex|biblatexml\fR" 4
.IX Item "--input-format=bibtex|biblatexml"
Biber input format. This option only means something in tool mode (see \fBtool\fR option) since
normally the input format of a data source is specified in the \fI.bcf\fR file and
therefore from the \fB\eaddbibresouce\fR macro in BibLaTeX.
The default value when in tool mode is 'bibtex'
.IP "\fB\-\-isbn10\fR" 4
.IX Item "--isbn10"
Force all ISBNs to 10\-digit versions on output. This will convert the \s-1ISBN\s0 internally to an \s-1ISBN\s0
object which will not have hyphens on output. If you use this option and want an \s-1ISBN\s0 with hyphens
in the correct place on output, use the \fB\-\-isbn\-normalise\fR option.
.IP "\fB\-\-isbn13\fR" 4
.IX Item "--isbn13"
Force all ISBNs to 13\-digit versions on output. This will convert the \s-1ISBN\s0 internally to an \s-1ISBN\s0
object which will not have hyphens on output. If you use this option and want an \s-1ISBN\s0 with hyphens
in the correct place on output, use the \fB\-\-isbn\-normalise\fR option.
.IP "\fB\-\-isbn\-normalise\fR" 4
.IX Item "--isbn-normalise"
Normalise ISBNs with hyphens in the correct places on output.
.IP "\fB\-\-logfile [file]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--logfile [file]"
Use \fIfile.blg\fR as the name of the logfile.
.IP "\fB\-\-listsep=[sep]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--listsep=[sep]"
Use \fIsep\fR as the separator for BibTeX data source list fields. Defaults to BibTeX's usual
\&'and'.
.IP "\fB\-\-mincrossrefs|\-m [number]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--mincrossrefs|-m [number]"
Set threshold for crossrefs.
.IP "\fB\-\-namesep=[sep]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--namesep=[sep]"
Use \f(CW\*(C`sep\*(C'\fR as the separator for BibTeX data source name fields. Defaults to BibTeX's usual
\&'and'.
.IP "\fB\-\-no\-bblxml\-schema\fR" 4
.IX Item "--no-bblxml-schema"
When writing bblxml output, don't generate an \s-1RNG XML\s0 schema from the data model.
.IP "\fB\-\-no\-bltxml\-schema\fR" 4
.IX Item "--no-bltxml-schema"
When reading or writing biblatexml data sources, don't generate an \s-1RNG XML\s0 schema from the data
model.
.IP "\fB\-\-noconf\fR" 4
.IX Item "--noconf"
Don't look for a configfile.
.IP "\fB\-\-nodieonerror\fR" 4
.IX Item "--nodieonerror"
Don't exit on errors, just log and continue as far as possible.
This can be useful if the error is something from, for example, the underlying
BibTeX parsing C library which can complain about parsing errors which can be ignored.
.IP "\fB\-\-nolog\fR" 4
.IX Item "--nolog"
Do not write any logfile.
.IP "\fB\-\-nostdmacros\fR" 4
.IX Item "--nostdmacros"
Don't automatically define any standard macros like month abbreviations.
If you also define these yourself, this option can be used to suppress
macro redefinition warnings.
.IP "\fB\-\-noxname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--noxname"
Disable exended name processing in bibtex data sources. Can be useful if
you don't use this and it causes problems due to auto-detection of extended
name format.
.IP "\fB\-\-onlylog\fR" 4
.IX Item "--onlylog"
Do not write any message to screen.
.IP "\fB\-\-others\-string=[string]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--others-string=[string]"
Use \fIstring\fR as the final name in a name field which implies \*(L"et al\*(R". Defaults to BibTeX's usual
\&'others'.
.IP "\fB\-\-output\-align\fR" 4
.IX Item "--output-align"
Align field values in neat columns in output. Effect depends on the output format. Default is false.
The legacy option \fB\-\-tool_align\fR is supported as an alias.
.IP "\fB\-\-output\-annotation\-marker=[marker]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--output-annotation-marker=[marker]"
As \fB\-\-annotation\-marker\fR but for tool mode bibtex output. The default is \f(CW\*(C`+an\*(C'\fR.
.IP "\fB\-\-output\-directory [directory]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--output-directory [directory]"
Output files (including log files) are output to \fIdirectory\fR instead
of the current directory. Input files are also looked for in \fIdirectory\fR
before current directory (but after \f(CW\*(C`\-\-input_directory\*(C'\fR if that is specified).
.IP "\fB\-\-output\-encoding|\-E [encoding]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--output-encoding|-E [encoding]"
Specify the encoding of the output \f(CW\*(C`.bbl\*(C'\fR file. Default is \*(L"\s-1UTF\-8\*(R".\s0
Normally it's not necessary to set this as it's passed via the
\&.bcf file from biblatex's \f(CW\*(C`texencoding\*(C'\fR option.
See \f(CW\*(C`perldoc Encode::Supported\*(C'\fR for a list of supported encodings.
The legacy option \fB\-\-bblencoding\fR is supported as an alias.
.IP "\fB\-\-output\-indent=[num]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--output-indent=[num]"
Indentation for body of entries in output. Effect depends on the output format. Defaults to 2.
The legacy option \fB\-\-tool_indent\fR is supported as an alias.
.IP "\fB\-\-output\-fieldcase=upper|lower|title\fR" 4
.IX Item "--output-fieldcase=upper|lower|title"
Case for field names output. Effect depends on the output format. Defaults to 'upper'.
The legacy option \fB\-\-tool_fieldcase\fR is supported as an alias.
.IP "\fB\-\-output\-field\-order=[field1, ... fieldn]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--output-field-order=[field1, ... fieldn]"
When outputting bibtex format data in tool mode, this option allows the customisation
of the order of fields within entries. The value is a comma-separated string of field names
or classes of fields. Fields not mentioned in the list are output in sorted name order after
the explicitly specified fields. The classes of fields are:
.Sp
\&'names' \- All name list fields
\&'lists' \- All non-name list fields
\&'dates' \- All date fields
.Sp
By default, its value is 'options,abstract,names,lists,dates'.
.IP "\fB\-\-output\-file|\-O [file]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--output-file|-O [file]"
Output to \fIfile\fR instead of \fIbasename.bbl\fR \fIfile\fR is relative to
\&\fB\-\-output_directory\fR, if set (absolute paths in this case are stripped to
filename only). \fIfile\fR can be absolute if \fB\-\-output_directory\fR is not
set. \fIfile\fR can be '\-' to output directly to \s-1STDOUT.\s0 The legacy option
\&\fB\-\-outfile\fR is supported as an alias.
.IP "\fB\-\-output\-format=dot|bibtex|biblatexml|bbl|bblxml\fR" 4
.IX Item "--output-format=dot|bibtex|biblatexml|bbl|bblxml"
Biber output format. Default if not specified is of course, \fIbbl\fR. Use \fIdot\fR
to output a GraphViz \s-1DOT\s0 file instead of \fI.bbl\fR. This is a directed graph of
the bibliography data showing entries and, as requested, sections and fields.
You must process this file with \f(CW\*(C`dot\*(C'\fR, e.g. \f(CW\*(C`dot \-Tsvg test.dot \-o test.svg\*(C'\fR to
render the graph. See the \fB\-\-dot_include\fR option to select what is included in
the \s-1DOT\s0 output. \fIbblxml\fR is an \s-1XML\s0 version of the \fIbbl\fR format which you could
transform using \s-1XSLT.\s0 By default, when outputting \fIbblxml\fR, a RelaxNG \s-1XML\s0 schema
is generated from the active data modeal and saved with a \fIrng\fR extension along
with the output file name (unless the \fB\-\-no\-bblxml\-schema\fR option is specified). You
may validate the \fIbblxml\fR using the schema with the \fB\-\-validate\-bblxml\fR option.
The legacy option \fB\-\-outformat\fR is supported as an alias.
.IP "\fB\-\-output\-listsep=[sep]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--output-listsep=[sep]"
As \fB\-\-listsep\fR but for tool mode bibtex output. Defaults to BibTeX's usual
\&'and'.
.IP "\fB\-\-output\-macro\-fields=[field1, ... fieldn]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--output-macro-fields=[field1, ... fieldn]"
A comma-separated list of field names whose values are, on output, treated as BibTeX macros.
Effectively this means that they are not wrapped in braces. Effect depends on the output format.
The legacy option \fB\-\-tool_macro_fields\fR is supported as an alias.
.IP "\fB\-\-output\-namesep=[sep]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--output-namesep=[sep]"
As \fB\-\-namesep\fR but for tool mode bibtex output. Defaults to BibTeX's usual
\&'and'.
.IP "\fB\-\-output\-resolve\fR" 4
.IX Item "--output-resolve"
Whether to resolve aliases and inheritance (\s-1XDATA, CROSSREF\s0 etc.) in tool mode. Defaults to 'false'.
The legacy option \fB\-\-tool\-resolve\fR is supported as an alias.
.IP "\fB\-\-output\-safechars\fR" 4
.IX Item "--output-safechars"
Try to convert \s-1UTF\-8\s0 chars into LaTeX macros when writing the output.
This can prevent unknown char errors when using PDFLaTeX and inputenc
as this doesn't understand all of \s-1UTF\-8.\s0 Note, it is better to switch
to XeTeX or LuaTeX to avoid this situation. By default uses the
\&\-\-output_safecharsset \*(L"base\*(R" set of characters.
The legacy option \fB\-\-bblsafechars\fR is supported as an alias.
.IP "\fB\-\-output\-safecharsset=[recode set name]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--output-safecharsset=[recode set name]"
The set of characters included in the conversion routine for
\&\-\-output_safechars. Set to \*(L"full\*(R" to try harder with a much
larger set or \*(L"base\*(R" to use a basic set. Default is \*(L"base\*(R" which is
fine for most use cases. You may need to load more macro packages to
deal with the results of \*(L"full\*(R" (Dings, Greek characters, special
symbols etc.). The recode sets are defined in the reencoding data file which
can be customised. See the \-\-recodedata option and the \s-1PDF\s0 manual.
The legacy option \fB\-\-bblsafecharsset\fR is supported as an alias. The
virtual set name \*(L"null\*(R" may be specified which effectively turns off macro encoding.
.IP "\fB\-\-output\-xname\fR" 4
.IX Item "--output-xname"
When output is a .bib BibTeX file in tool mode, whether to output names the eXtended BibTeX name field format.
.IP "\fB\-\-output\-xnamesep=[sep]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--output-xnamesep=[sep]"
As \fB\-\-xnamesep\fR but for tool mode bibtex output. Default is '='.
.IP "\fB\-\-quiet|\-q\fR" 4
.IX Item "--quiet|-q"
Log only errors. If this option is used more than once, don't even log errors.
.IP "\fB\-\-recodedata=[file]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--recodedata=[file]"
The data file to use for the reencoding between \s-1UTF\-8\s0 and LaTeX macros. It defines
the sets specified with the \-\-output_safecharsset and \-\-decodecharsset options.
It defaults to \fIrecode_data.xml\fR in the same directory as Biber's \fIRecode.pm\fR module.
See the \s-1PDF\s0 documentation for the format of this file. If this option is
used, then \fIfile\fR should be somewhere \f(CW\*(C`kpsewhich\*(C'\fR can find it.
.IP "\fB\-\-noskipduplicates\fR" 4
.IX Item "--noskipduplicates"
Don't skip duplicate bibliography keys if found. The detection of duplicate keys is done across
all data sources. Sometimes you might need duplicates when using several data sources
across several refsections in which case you might need to use this option.
.IP "\fB\-\-sortdebug\fR" 4
.IX Item "--sortdebug"
Add comments to output with sorting keys. Useful for debugging.
.IP "\fB\-\-sortcase=true|false\fR" 4
.IX Item "--sortcase=true|false"
Case-sensitive sorting (default is true).
.IP "\fB\-\-sortlocale|\-l [locale]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--sortlocale|-l [locale]"
Set the locale to be used for sorting. The locale is used to add \s-1CLDR\s0
tailoring to the sort (if available for the locale).
.IP "\fB\-\-sortupper=true|false\fR" 4
.IX Item "--sortupper=true|false"
Whether to sort uppercase before lowercase when sorting (default is true).
.IP "\fB\-\-ssl\-nointernalca\fR" 4
.IX Item "--ssl-nointernalca"
Don't try to use the default Mozilla \s-1CA\s0 certificates when using \s-1HTTPS\s0 to fetch remote data.
This assumes that the user will set one of the perl LWP::UserAgent module environment variables
to find the \s-1CA\s0 certs.
.IP "\fB\-\-ssl\-noverify\-host\fR" 4
.IX Item "--ssl-noverify-host"
Turn off host verification when using \s-1HTTPS\s0 to fetch remote data sources.
You may need this if the \s-1SSL\s0 certificate is self-signed for example.
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-comments\fR" 4
.IX Item "--strip-comments"
In tool mode, strip all comments from the output file.
.IP "\fB\-\-tool\fR" 4
.IX Item "--tool"
Run in tool mode. This mode is datasource centric rather than document centric. biber
reads a datasource (and a config file if specified), applies the command-line and config
file options to the datasource and writes a new datasource. Essentially,
this allows you to change your data sources using biber's transformation options (such as
source mapping, sorting etc.)
.IP "\fB\-\-tool\-config\fR" 4
.IX Item "--tool-config"
Show the location of the default tool mode config file and exit. Useful when you need to
copy this file and customise it.
.IP "\fB\-\-trace|T\fR" 4
.IX Item "--trace|T"
Turn on tracing. Also turns on \fB\-\-debug|d\fR and additionally provides a lot of low-level tracing
information in the log.
.IP "\fB\-u\fR" 4
.IX Item "-u"
Alias for \fB\-\-input\-encoding=UTF\-8\fR
.IP "\fB\-U\fR" 4
.IX Item "-U"
Alias for \fB\-\-output\-encoding=UTF\-8\fR
.IP "\fB\-\-nouri\-encode\fR" 4
.IX Item "--nouri-encode"
Don't \s-1URI\s0 encode URLs. By default, biber \s-1URI\s0 encodes all \s-1URLS.\s0
.IP "\fB\-\-validate\-bblxml\fR" 4
.IX Item "--validate-bblxml"
Schema validate bblXML output against a schema auto-generated from the BibLaTeX
datamodel. The schema will be auto-generated with the name of the \fI.bbl\fR file with a \fI.rng\fR
extension. The generated schema can be kept and used with standard \s-1XML\s0 editors to validate the
output during \s-1XSL\s0 development.
.IP "\fB\-\-validate\-bltxml\fR" 4
.IX Item "--validate-bltxml"
Schema validate BibLaTeXML datasources against a schema auto-generated from the BibLaTeX
datamodel. The schema will be auto-generated with the name of the \fI.bcf\fR file with a \fI.rng\fR
extension. The generated schema can be kept and used with standard \s-1XML\s0 editors to validate the
datasource during datasource development. The schema validation does not validate all
semantic aspects of the datamodel (i.e. the data model constraints)\-\-\-for this use the
\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-validate\-datamodel\*(C'\fR option.
.IP "\fB\-\-validate\-config\fR" 4
.IX Item "--validate-config"
Schema validate the biber config file.
.IP "\fB\-\-validate\-control\fR" 4
.IX Item "--validate-control"
Schema validate the \fI.bcf\fR biblatex control file.
.IP "\fB\-\-validate\-datamodel|\-V\fR" 4
.IX Item "--validate-datamodel|-V"
Validate the data against a data model.
.IP "\fB\-\-version|\-v\fR" 4
.IX Item "--version|-v"
Display version number.
.IP "\fB\-\-wraplines|\-w\fR" 4
.IX Item "--wraplines|-w"
Wrap lines in the \fI.bbl\fR file.
.IP "\fB\-\-xnamesep=[sep]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--xnamesep=[sep]"
Use \fIsep\fR as the separator between namepart names and the namepart values
in the eXtended name format. See biber docs. Default is '='.
.IP "\fB\-\-xsvsep=[sep]\fR" 4
.IX Item "--xsvsep=[sep]"
Use \fIsep\fR as the separator for fields of format type \*(L"xsv\*(R" in the data model. A Perl regexp can be specified. Defaults to a single comma surround by optional whitespace (\es*,\es*).
.SH "AUTHOR"
.IX Header "AUTHOR"
Franc\*,ois Charette, \f(CW\*(C`firmicus at ankabut.net\*(C'\fR

Philip Kime, \f(CW\*(C`Philip at kime.org.uk\*(C'\fR
.SH "BUGS & DOCUMENTATION"
.IX Header "BUGS & DOCUMENTATION"
To see the full documentation, run \fBtexdoc biber\fR or get the \fIbiber.pdf\fR
manual from SourceForge.
.PP
Please report any bugs or feature requests on our Github tracker at
<https://github.com/plk/biber/issues>.
.SH "COPYRIGHT & LICENSE"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT & LICENSE"
Copyright 2009\-2016 Franc\*,ois Charette and Philip Kime, all rights reserved.
.PP
This module is free software.  You can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the Artistic License 2.0.
.PP
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but without any warranty; without even the implied warranty of
merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.