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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "lintian 1"
.TH lintian 1 "2019-05-26" "Lintian v2.15.0~bpo9+1" "Debian Package Checker"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
lintian \- Static analysis tool for Debian packages
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
\&\fBlintian\fR [\fIaction\fR] [\fIoptions\fR] [\fIpackages\fR] ...
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
Lintian dissects Debian packages and reports bugs and policy
violations.  It contains automated checks for many aspects of Debian
policy as well as some checks for common errors.
.PP
There are two ways to specify binary, udeb or source packages for
Lintian to process: by file name (the .deb file for a binary package
or the .dsc file for a source package), or by naming a \fI.changes\fR
file.
.PP
If you specify a \fI.changes\fR file, Lintian will process all packages
listed in that file.  This is convenient when checking a new package
before uploading it.
.PP
If you specify packages to be checked or use the option
\&\fB\-\-packages\-from\-file\fR, the packages requested will be processed.
Otherwise, if \fIdebian/changelog\fR exists, it is parsed to determine
the name of the .changes file to look for in the parent directory
(when using the actions \fB\-\-check\fR or \fB\-\-unpack\fR).  See
\&\*(L"\s-1CHECKING LAST BUILD\*(R"\s0 for more information.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
Actions of the lintian command: (Only one action can be specified per invocation)
.IP "\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-check\fR" 4
.IX Item "-c, --check"
Run all checks over the specified packages.  This is the default action.
.IP "\fB\-C\fR chk1,chk2,..., \fB\-\-check\-part\fR chk1,chk2,..." 4
.IX Item "-C chk1,chk2,..., --check-part chk1,chk2,..."
Run only the specified checks.  You can either specify the name of the
check script or the abbreviation.  For details, see the \*(L"\s-1CHECKS\*(R"\s0 section
below.
.IP "\fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-ftp\-master\-rejects\fR" 4
.IX Item "-F, --ftp-master-rejects"
Run only the checks that issue tags that result in automatic rejects
from the Debian upload queue.  The list of such tags is refreshed with
each Lintian release, so may be slightly out of date if it has changed
recently.
.Sp
This is implemented via a profile and thus this option cannot be used
together with \fB\-\-profile\fR.
.IP "\fB\-T\fR tag1,tag2,..., \fB\-\-tags\fR tag1,tag2,..." 4
.IX Item "-T tag1,tag2,..., --tags tag1,tag2,..."
Run only the checks that issue the requested tags.  The tests for
other tags within the check scripts will be run but the tags will not
be issued.
.Sp
With this options all tags listed will be displayed regardless of the
display settings.
.IP "\fB\-\-tags\-from\-file\fR filename" 4
.IX Item "--tags-from-file filename"
Same functionality as \fB\-\-tags\fR, but read the list of tags from a
file.  Blank lines and lines beginning with # are ignored.  All other
lines are taken to be tag names or comma-separated lists of tag names
to (potentially) issue.
.Sp
With this options all tags listed will be displayed regardless of the
display settings.
.IP "\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-unpack\fR" 4
.IX Item "-u, --unpack"
Unpacks the package will all collections.  See the \*(L"\s-1COLLECTION\*(R"\s0
section below.
.Sp
Note in this option will also run all collections.  See the
\&\*(L"\s-1COLLECTION\*(R"\s0 section below.
.IP "\fB\-X\fR chk1,chk2,..., \fB\-\-dont\-check\-part\fR chk1,chk2,..." 4
.IX Item "-X chk1,chk2,..., --dont-check-part chk1,chk2,..."
Run all but the specified checks.  You can either specify the name
of the check script or the abbreviation.  For details, see the
\&\*(L"\s-1CHECKS\*(R"\s0 section below.
.PP
General options:
.IP "\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR" 4
.IX Item "-h, --help"
Display usage information and exit.
.IP "\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR" 4
.IX Item "-q, --quiet"
Suppress all informational messages including override comments
(normally shown with \fB\-\-show\-overrides\fR).
.Sp
This option is silently ignored if \fB\-\-debug\fR is given.  Otherwise, if
both \fB\-\-verbose\fR and \fB\-\-quiet\fR is used, the last of these two options
take effect.
.Sp
This option overrides the \fBverbose\fR and the \fBquiet\fR variable in the
configuration file.  In the configuration file, this option is enabled
by using \fBquiet\fR variable.  The \fBverbose\fR and \fBquiet\fR variables may
not both appear in the config file.
.IP "\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose\fR" 4
.IX Item "-v, --verbose"
Display verbose messages.
.Sp
If \fB\-\-debug\fR is used this option is always enabled.  Otherwise, if
both \fB\-\-verbose\fR and \fB\-\-quiet\fR is used (and \fB\-\-debug\fR is not used),
the last of these two options take effect.
.Sp
This option overrides the \fBquiet\fR variable in the configuration file.
In the configuration file, this option is enabled by using \fBverbose\fR
variable.  The \fBverbose\fR and \fBquiet\fR variables may not both appear
in the config file.
.IP "\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR" 4
.IX Item "-V, --version"
Display lintian version number and exit.
.IP "\fB\-\-print\-version\fR" 4
.IX Item "--print-version"
Print unadorned version number and exit.
.PP
Behavior options for \fBlintian\fR.
.IP "\fB\-\-color\fR (never|always|auto|html)" 4
.IX Item "--color (never|always|auto|html)"
Whether to colorize tags in lintian output based on their severity.
The default is \*(L"never\*(R", which never uses color.  \*(L"always\*(R" will always
use color, \*(L"auto\*(R" will use color only if the output is going to a
terminal, and \*(L"html\*(R" will use \s-1HTML\s0 <span> tags with a color style
attribute (instead of \s-1ANSI\s0 color escape sequences).
.Sp
This option overrides the \fBcolor\fR variable in the configuration file.
.IP "\fB\-\-default\-display\-level\fR" 4
.IX Item "--default-display-level"
Reset the current display level to the default.  Basically, this
option behaves exactly like passing the following options to lintian:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&   B<\-L> ">=important" B<\-L> "+>=normal/possible" B<\-L> "+minor/certain"
.Ve
.Sp
The primary use for this is to ensure that lintian's display level has
been reset to the built-in default values.  Notably, this can be used
to override display settings earlier on the command-line or in the
lintian configuration file.
.Sp
Further changes to the display level can be done \fIafter\fR this option.
Example: \fB\-\-default\-display\-level \-\-display\-info\fR gives you the
default display level plus informational (\*(L"I:\*(R") tags.
.IP "\fB\-\-display\-source\fR X" 4
.IX Item "--display-source X"
Only display tags from the source X (e.g. the Policy Manual or the
Developer Reference).  This option can be used multiple times to
add additional sources.  Example sources are \*(L"policy\*(R" or \*(L"devref\*(R"
being the Policy Manual and the Developer Reference (respectively).
.Sp
The entire list of sources can be found in
\&\fI\f(CI$LINTIAN_ROOT\fI/data/output/manual\-references\fR
.IP "\fB\-E\fR, \fB\-\-display\-experimental\fR, \fB\-\-no\-display\-experimental\fR" 4
.IX Item "-E, --display-experimental, --no-display-experimental"
Control whether to display experimental (\*(L"X:\*(R") tags.  They are
normally suppressed.
.Sp
If a tag is marked experimental, this means that the code that
generates this message is not as well tested as the rest of Lintian,
and might still give surprising results.  Feel free to ignore
Experimental messages that do not seem to make sense, though of course
bug reports are always welcome (particularly if they include fixes).
.Sp
These options overrides the \fBdisplay-experimental\fR variable in the
configuration file.
.IP "\fB\-\-fail\-on\-warnings\fR" 4
.IX Item "--fail-on-warnings"
By default, \fBlintian\fR exits with 0 status if only warnings were
found.  If this flag is given, exit with a status of 1 if either
warnings or errors are found.
.Sp
This option overrides the \fBfail-on-warnings\fR variable in the
configuration file.
.Sp
This option is deprecated and will be removed in the near future.
.IP "\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-info\fR" 4
.IX Item "-i, --info"
Print explanatory information about each problem discovered in
addition to the lintian error tags. To print a long tag description
without running lintian, see \fIlintian\-info\fR\|(1).
.Sp
This option overrides \fBinfo\fR variable in the configuration file.
.IP "\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-display\-info\fR" 4
.IX Item "-I, --display-info"
Display informational (\*(L"I:\*(R") tags as well.  They are normally
suppressed.  (This is equivalent to \fB\-L\fR \*(L">=wishlist\*(R").
.Sp
This option overrides the \fBdisplay-info\fR variable in the
configuration file.
.Sp
Note: \fBdisplay-level\fR and \fBdisplay-info\fR may not both appear in the
configuration file.
.IP "\fB\-L\fR [+|\-|=][>=|>|=|<|<=][S|C|S/C], \fB\-\-display\-level\fR [+|\-|=][>=|>|=|<|<=][S|C|S/C]" 4
.IX Item "-L [+|-|=][>=|>|=|<|<=][S|C|S/C], --display-level [+|-|=][>=|>|=|<|<=][S|C|S/C]"
Fine-grained selection of tags to be displayed. It is possible to add,
remove or set the levels to display, specifying a severity (S:
serious, important, normal, minor, wishlist, pedantic), a certainty
(C: certain, possible, wild-guess), or both (S/C).  The default
settings are equivalent to \fB\-L\fR \*(L">=important\*(R" \fB\-L\fR
\&\*(L"+>=normal/possible\*(R" \fB\-L\fR \*(L"+minor/certain\*(R").
.Sp
The value consists of 3 parts, where two of them are optional.  The
parts are:
.RS 4
.IP "modifier operator" 4
.IX Item "modifier operator"
How to affect the current display level.  Can be one of add to (\*(L"+\*(R"),
remove from (\*(L"\-\*(R") or set to (\*(L"=\*(R") the display level(s) denoted by the
following selection.
.Sp
The default value is \*(L"=\*(R" (i.e. set the display level).
.IP "set operator" 4
.IX Item "set operator"
The set of severity and certainties to be selected.  The operator can
be one of \*(L">=\*(R", \*(L">\*(R", \*(L"=\*(R", \*(L"<\*(R" or \*(L"<=\*(R".  As an example, this can be used
to select all important (or \*(L"more severe\*(R") tags via \*(L">=important\*(R".
.Sp
The selected values includes only items where \fIboth\fR the severity and
the certainty are both included in the set.
.Sp
As an example, \*(L">=important/possible\*(R" includes \*(L"important/possible\*(R",
\&\*(L"important/certain\*(R", \*(L"serious/possible\*(R" and \*(L"serious/certain\*(R".  Note
that it does \fInot\fR include \*(L"serious/wild\-guess\*(R" (since it does not
satisfy the lower-bound for the certainty).
.Sp
The default value is \*(L"=\*(R", which means \*(L"exactly\*(R" the given severity
or/and certainty.
.IP "severity-certainty" 4
.IX Item "severity-certainty"
The severity or/and certainty.  This can be any of the 3 forms:
\&\fIseverity\fR, \fIcertainty\fR or \fIseverity\fR/\fIcertainty\fR.
.Sp
If only a severity or a certainty is given, the other one defaults to
\&\*(L"any\*(R" as in \*(L"any certainty with the given severity\*(R" (or vice versa).
.RE
.RS 4
.Sp
This option overrides the \fBdisplay-level\fR variable in the
configuration file.  The value of the \fBdisplay-level\fR in
configuration file should be space separated entries in the same
format as passed via command-line.
.Sp
Note: \fBdisplay-level\fR may not be used with \fBdisplay-info\fR or \fBpedantic\fR
in the configuration file.
.RE
.IP "\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-no\-override\fR" 4
.IX Item "-o, --no-override"
Ignore all overrides provided by the package.  This option will overrule
\&\fB\-\-show\-overrides\fR.
.Sp
This option overrides the \fBoverride\fR variable in the configuration
file.
.IP "\fB\-\-pedantic\fR" 4
.IX Item "--pedantic"
Display pedantic (\*(L"P:\*(R") tags as well.  They are normally suppressed.
(This is equivalent to \fB\-L\fR \*(L"+=pedantic\*(R").
.Sp
Pedantic tags are Lintian at its most pickiest and include checks for
particular Debian packaging styles and checks that many people
disagree with.  Expect false positives and Lintian tags that you don't
consider useful if you use this option.  Adding overrides for pedantic
tags is probably not worth the effort.
.Sp
This option overrides the \fBpedantic\fR variable in the configuration
file.
.Sp
Note: \fBpedantic\fR and \fBdisplay-level\fR may not both appear in the
configuration file.
.IP "\fB\-\-profile\fR vendor[/prof]" 4
.IX Item "--profile vendor[/prof]"
Use the profile from vendor (or the profile with that name).  If the
profile name does not contain a slash, the default profile for than
vendor is chosen.
.Sp
As an example, if you are on Ubuntu and want to use Lintian's Debian
checks, you can use:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&  \-\-profile debian
.Ve
.Sp
Likewise, on a Debian machine you can use this to request the Ubuntu
checks.
.Sp
If the token \fI{\s-1VENDOR\s0}\fR appears in the profile name, \fBlintian\fR will
substitute the token with a vendor name to find the profile.
\&\fBlintian\fR uses Dpkg::Vendor to determine the best vendor to use
(the closer to the current vendor, the better).  This is mostly useful
for people implementing their own checks on top of Lintian.
.Sp
If not specified, the default value is \fI{\s-1VENDOR\s0}/main\fR.
.Sp
Please Refer to the Lintian User Manual for the full documentation of
profiles.
.IP "\fB\-\-show\-overrides\fR, \fB\-\-hide\-overrides\fR" 4
.IX Item "--show-overrides, --hide-overrides"
Controls whether tags that have been overridden should be shown.
.Sp
The \fB\-\-show\-overrides\fR differs from \fB\-\-no\-overrides\fR in that shown overridden
tags will still be marked as overridden (using an \*(L"O\*(R" code).
.Sp
If the overridden tags are shown, the related override comments will
also be displayed (unless \-\-quiet is used).  Please refer to the Lintian
User Manual for the documentation on how lintian relates comments to a
given override.
.Sp
These options override the \fBshow-overrides\fR variable in the
configuration file.
.IP "\fB\-\-suppress\-tags\fR tag1,tag2,..." 4
.IX Item "--suppress-tags tag1,tag2,..."
Suppress the listed tags.  They will not be reported if they occur and
will not affect the exit status of Lintian.  This option can be given
multiple times and can be mixed with \fB\-\-suppress\-tags\-from\-file\fR.
.Sp
This option can be used together with \fB\-\-dont\-check\-part\fR (\*(L"Not those
checks nor these tags\*(R") and \fB\-\-check\-part\fR (\*(L"Only those checks, but
not these tags (from those checks)\*(R") to further reduce the selection of
tags.
.Sp
When used with \fB\-\-tags\fR, this option is mostly ignored.
.IP "\fB\-\-suppress\-tags\-from\-file\fR file" 4
.IX Item "--suppress-tags-from-file file"
Suppress all tags listed in the given file.  Blank lines and lines
beginning with # are ignored.  All other lines are taken to be tag
names or comma-separated lists of tag names to suppress.  The
suppressed tags will not be reported if they occur and will not affect
the exit status of Lintian.
.Sp
Tags parsed from the file will be handled as if they had been given to
the \fB\-\-suppress\-tags\fR option (e.g. ignored if \fB\-\-tags\fR is used).
.IP "\fB\-\-tag\-display\-limit\fR[=X]" 4
.IX Item "--tag-display-limit[=X]"
By default, lintian limits itself to emitting at most 4 instances of each
tag per processable when \s-1STDOUT\s0 is a \s-1TTY. \s0 This option specified that limit.
See also \fB\-\-no\-tag\-display\-limit\fR.
.IP "\fB\-\-no\-tag\-display\-limit\fR" 4
.IX Item "--no-tag-display-limit"
By default, lintian limits itself to emitting at most 4 instances of each
tag per processable when \s-1STDOUT\s0 is a \s-1TTY. \s0 This option disables that limit.
.Sp
When \s-1STDOUT\s0 is not a \s-1TTY,\s0 lintian has no limit. See also
\&\fB\-\-tag\-display\-limit\fR.
.PP
Configuration options:
.IP "\fB\-\-cfg\fR configfile" 4
.IX Item "--cfg configfile"
Read the configuration from configfile rather than the default
locations.  This option overrides the \fB\s-1LINTIAN_CFG\s0\fR environment
variable.
.IP "\fB\-\-no\-cfg\fR" 4
.IX Item "--no-cfg"
Do not read any configuration file.  This option overrides the
\&\fB\-\-cfg\fR above.
.IP "\fB\-\-ignore\-lintian\-env\fR" 4
.IX Item "--ignore-lintian-env"
Ignore all environment variables starting with \fI\s-1LINTIAN_\s0\fR.
.Sp
This option is mostly useful for applications running \fBlintian\fR for
checking packages and do not want the invoking user to affect the
result (by setting \s-1LINTIAN_PROFILE\s0 etc.).
.Sp
Note it does \fInot\fR cause \fBlintian\fR to ignore the entire environment
like \fI\s-1TMPDIR\s0\fR or \fI\s-1DEB_VENDOR\s0\fR.  The latter can affect the default
profile (or \*(L"{\s-1VENDOR\s0}\*(R" token for \fB\-\-profile\fR).
.Sp
Should usually be combined with \fB\-\-no\-user\-dirs\fR (or unsetting \f(CW$HOME\fR
and all \fI\s-1XDG_\s0\fR variables).
.IP "\fB\-\-include\-dir\fR dir" 4
.IX Item "--include-dir dir"
Use dir as an additional \*(L"\s-1LINTIAN_ROOT\*(R". \s0 The directory is expected
have a similar layout to the \s-1LINTIAN_ROOT \s0(if it exists), but does not
need to be a full self-contained root.
.Sp
\&\fBlintian\fR will check this directory for (additional) profiles, data
files, support libraries and checks.  The latter two imply that
Lintian may attempt to \fIload and execute code\fR from this directory.
.Sp
This option may appear more than once; each time adding an additional
directory.  Directories are searched in the order they appear on the
command line.
.Sp
The additional directories will be checked \fIafter\fR the user
directories (though see \fB\-\-no\-user\-dirs\fR) and \fIbefore\fR the core
\&\s-1LINTIAN_ROOT.\s0
.Sp
\&\fBNote\fR: This option should be the very first if given.
.IP "\fB\-j\fR X, \fB\-\-jobs\fR=X" 4
.IX Item "-j X, --jobs=X"
Set the limit for how many unpacking jobs Lintian will run in
parallel.  This option overrides the \fBjobs\fR variable in the
configuration file.
.Sp
By default Lintian will use \fInproc\fR to determine a reasonable default
(or 2, if the nproc fails).
.IP "\fB\-\-user\-dirs\fR, \fB\-\-no\-user\-dirs\fR" 4
.IX Item "--user-dirs, --no-user-dirs"
By default, \fBlintian\fR will check \fI\f(CI$HOME\fI\fR and \fI/etc\fR for files
supplied by the user or the local sysadmin (e.g. config files and
profiles).  This default can be disabled (and re-enabled) by using
\&\fB\-\-no\-user\-dirs\fR (and \fB\-\-user\-dirs\fR, respectively).
.Sp
These options will \fInot\fR affect the inclusion of \s-1LINTIAN_ROOT,\s0 which
is always included.
.Sp
These option can appear multiple times, in which case the last of them
to appear determines the result.
.Sp
Note that if the intention is only to disable the user's \fI\f(CI$HOME\fI\fR,
then unsetting \fI\f(CI$HOME\fI\fR and \fIXDG_*_HOME\fR may suffice.  Alternatively,
\&\fI/etc\fR can be \*(L"re-added\*(R" by using \fI\-\-include\-dir\fR (caveat:
\&\fI/etc/lintianrc\fR will be ignored by this).
.Sp
If the intention is to avoid (unintentional) side-effects from the
calling user, then this option could be combined with
\&\fB\-\-ignore\-lintian\-env\fR.
.Sp
If for some reason \fB\-\-no\-user\-dirs\fR cannot be used, then consider
unsetting \fI\f(CI$HOME\fI\fR and all the \fI\f(CI$XDG_\fI*\fR variables (not just the
\&\fI\f(CI$XDG_\fI*_HOME\fR ones).
.Sp
\&\fBNote\fR: This option should be the very first if given.
.PP
Developer/Special usage options:
.IP "\fB\-\-allow\-root\fR" 4
.IX Item "--allow-root"
Override lintian's warning when it is run with superuser privileges.
.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-lab\fR" 4
.IX Item "--keep-lab"
By default, temporary labs will be removed after lintian is finished.
Specifying this options will leave the lab behind, which might be
useful for debugging purposes.  You can find out where the temporary
lab is located by running lintian with the \fB\-\-verbose\fR option.
.IP "\fB\-\-packages\-from\-file\fR X" 4
.IX Item "--packages-from-file X"
The line is read as the path to a file to process (all whitespace is
included!).
.Sp
If X is \*(L"\-\*(R", Lintian will read the packages from \s-1STDIN.\s0
.IP "\fB\-\-perf\-debug\fR" 4
.IX Item "--perf-debug"
Enable performance related debug logging.
.Sp
The data logged and the format used is subject to change with every
release.
.Sp
Note that some of the information may also be available (possibly in
a different format) with the \fB\-\-debug\fR option.
.IP "\fB\-\-perf\-output\fR \s-1OUTPUT\s0" 4
.IX Item "--perf-output OUTPUT"
Write performance related debug information to the specified file or
file descriptor.  If \s-1OUTPUT\s0 starts with a '&' or '+', Lintian will
handle \s-1OUTPUT\s0 specially.  Otherwise, Lintian will open the file
denoted by \s-1OUTPUT\s0 for writing (truncating if it exists, creating it
if it does not exist).
.Sp
If the first character of \s-1OUTPUT\s0 is a & and the rest of argument is a
number N, then lintian attempts to write it to the file descriptor
with the number N.  Said file descriptor must be open for writing.
E.g \fI&2\fR makes Lintian write the performance logging to \s-1STDERR.\s0
.Sp
If the first character of \s-1OUTPUT\s0 is a +, Lintian will append to the
file rather than truncating it.  In this case, the file name is \s-1OUTPUT\s0
with initial \*(L"+\*(R" character removed.  E.g. \fI+my\-file\fR makes Lintian
append to \fImy-file\fR
.Sp
If Lintian should write the output to a file starting with a literal
\&'&' or '+', then simply prefix it with \*(L"./\*(R" (e.g. \*(L"+my\-file\*(R" becomes
\&\*(L"./+my\-file\*(R").
.Sp
If this option omitted, Lintian will default to using \s-1STDOUT.\s0
.IP "\fB\-U\fR info1,info2,..., \fB\-\-unpack\-info\fR info1,info2,..." 4
.IX Item "-U info1,info2,..., --unpack-info info1,info2,..."
Collect information info1, info2, etc. even if these are not required
by the checks.  Collections requested by this option are also not
auto-removed (in this run).
.Sp
This option is mostly useful for debugging or special purpose setups.
.Sp
It is allowed to give this option more than once.  The following
two lines of arguments are semantically equivalent:
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& \-U info1 \-U info2
\& \-U info1,info2
.Ve
.SH "CHECKS"
.IX Header "CHECKS"
.IP "\fBapache2\fR" 4
.IX Item "apache2"
Checks various build mistakes in Apache2 reverse dependencies
.IP "\fBapplication-not-library\fR" 4
.IX Item "application-not-library"
application packaged like a library (imported from pkg-perl-tools)
.IP "\fBappstream-metadata\fR" 4
.IX Item "appstream-metadata"
This script checks the AppStream metadata files for problems.
.IP "\fBautomake\fR (\fBautom\fR)" 4
.IX Item "automake (autom)"
Checks for erroneous, missing or deprecated automake files
.IP "\fBbinaries\fR (\fBbin\fR)" 4
.IX Item "binaries (bin)"
This script checks binaries and object files for bugs.
.IP "\fBchangelog-file\fR (\fBchg\fR)" 4
.IX Item "changelog-file (chg)"
This script checks if a binary package conforms to policy
with regards to changelog files.
.Sp
Each binary package with a \fI/usr/share/doc/<foo>\fR directory must have
a Debian changelog file in \fIchangelog.Debian.gz\fR unless the Debian
changelog and the upstream one is the same file; in this case, it
must be in \fIchangelog.gz\fR.
.Sp
If there is an upstream changelog file, it must be named
\&\*(L"changelog.gz\*(R".
.Sp
Both changelog files should be compressed using \*(L"gzip \-9\*(R".
Even if they start out small, they will become large with time.
.IP "\fBchanges-file\fR (\fBchng\fR)" 4
.IX Item "changes-file (chng)"
This script checks for various problems with .changes files
.IP "\fBconffiles\fR (\fBcnf\fR)" 4
.IX Item "conffiles (cnf)"
This script checks if the conffiles control file of a binary
package is correct.
.IP "\fBcontrol-file\fR (\fBdctl\fR)" 4
.IX Item "control-file (dctl)"
This script checks \fIdebian/control\fR files in source packages
.IP "\fBcontrol-files\fR (\fBctl\fR)" 4
.IX Item "control-files (ctl)"
Checks files in the binary package's control.tar.gz, etc.
.IP "\fBcopyright-file\fR (\fBcpy\fR)" 4
.IX Item "copyright-file (cpy)"
This script checks if a binary package conforms to policy
with regard to copyright files.
.Sp
Each binary package must either have a
\&\fI/usr/share/doc/<foo>/copyright\fR file or must have a symlink
\&\fI/usr/share/doc/<foo>\fR \-> <bar>, where <bar> comes
from the same source package and pkg foo declares a \*(L"Depends\*(R" relation on
bar.
.IP "\fBcruft\fR (\fBdeb\fR)" 4
.IX Item "cruft (deb)"
This looks for cruft in Debian packaging or upstream source
.IP "\fBdbus\fR" 4
.IX Item "dbus"
Checks for deprecated or harmful D\-Bus configuration
.IP "\fBdeb-format\fR (\fBdfmt\fR)" 4
.IX Item "deb-format (dfmt)"
This script checks the format of the deb ar archive itself.
.IP "\fBdebconf\fR (\fBdc\fR)" 4
.IX Item "debconf (dc)"
This looks for common mistakes in packages using debconf.
.IP "\fBdebhelper\fR (\fBdh\fR)" 4
.IX Item "debhelper (dh)"
This looks for common mistakes in debhelper source packages.
.IP "\fBdebian-readme\fR (\fBdrm\fR)" 4
.IX Item "debian-readme (drm)"
This script checks the \fI\s-1README\s0.Debian\fR file for various problems.
.IP "\fBdebian-source-dir\fR (\fBdsd\fR)" 4
.IX Item "debian-source-dir (dsd)"
This script looks for mistakes in \fIdebian/source/*\fR files.
.IP "\fBdescription\fR (\fBdes\fR)" 4
.IX Item "description (des)"
Check if the Description control field of a binary package conforms
to the rules in the \fBPolicy Manual\fR (section 3.4).
.IP "\fBduplicate-files\fR (\fBdupf\fR)" 4
.IX Item "duplicate-files (dupf)"
This script checks for duplicate files using checksums
.IP "\fBelpa\fR (\fBelpa\fR)" 4
.IX Item "elpa (elpa)"
This script checks if the packages comply with various aspects of the
emacsen team's policy.
.IP "\fBfields\fR (\fBfld\fR)" 4
.IX Item "fields (fld)"
This script checks the syntax of the fields in package control files,
as described in the \fBPolicy Manual\fR.
.IP "\fBfilename-length\fR (\fBflen\fR)" 4
.IX Item "filename-length (flen)"
This script checks for long package file names
.IP "\fBfiles\fR (\fBfil\fR)" 4
.IX Item "files (fil)"
This script checks if a binary package conforms to policy
\&\s-1WRT\s0 to files and directories.
.IP "\fBgir\fR" 4
.IX Item "gir"
Checks for GObject-Introspection mini-policy compliance
.IP "\fBgroup-checks\fR (\fBgchck\fR)" 4
.IX Item "group-checks (gchck)"
This script checks for some issues that may appear in packages
built from the same source. This includes intra-source circular
dependencies and intra-source priority checks.
.IP "\fBhuge-usr-share\fR (\fBhus\fR)" 4
.IX Item "huge-usr-share (hus)"
This script checks whether an architecture-dependent package has
large amounts of data in \fI/usr/share\fR.
.IP "\fBinfofiles\fR (\fBinfo\fR)" 4
.IX Item "infofiles (info)"
This script checks if a binary package conforms to info document policy.
.IP "\fBinit.d\fR (\fBini\fR)" 4
.IX Item "init.d (ini)"
Check if a binary package conforms to policy with respect to
scripts in \fI/etc/init.d\fR.
.IP "\fBjava\fR (\fBjava\fR)" 4
.IX Item "java (java)"
This script checks if the packages comply with various aspects of the
Debian Java policy.
.IP "\fBmanpages\fR (\fBman\fR)" 4
.IX Item "manpages (man)"
This script checks if a binary package conforms to manual page policy.
.IP "\fBmd5sums\fR (\fBmd5\fR)" 4
.IX Item "md5sums (md5)"
This script checks if md5sum control files are valid if they are
provided by a binary package.
.IP "\fBmenu-format\fR (\fBmnf\fR)" 4
.IX Item "menu-format (mnf)"
This script validates the format of \fBmenu\fR files.
.IP "\fBmenus\fR (\fBmen\fR)" 4
.IX Item "menus (men)"
Check if a binary package conforms to policy with respect to
\&\fBmenu\fR and \fBdoc-base\fR files.
.IP "\fBnmu\fR (\fBnmu\fR)" 4
.IX Item "nmu (nmu)"
This script checks if a source package is consistent about its NMU-ness.
.IP "\fBobsolete-sites\fR (\fBobso\fR)" 4
.IX Item "obsolete-sites (obso)"
This script checks for obsolete (but still valid) URLs
.IP "\fBocaml\fR (\fBocaml\fR)" 4
.IX Item "ocaml (ocaml)"
This looks for common mistakes in OCaml binary packages.
.IP "\fBpatch-systems\fR (\fBpat\fR)" 4
.IX Item "patch-systems (pat)"
This script checks for various possible problems when using patch systems
.IP "\fBpe\fR" 4
.IX Item "pe"
This script checks Microsoft Windows Portable Executable (\s-1PE\s0) files
.IP "\fBphppear\fR (\fBphppear\fR)" 4
.IX Item "phppear (phppear)"
This script checks if the packages comply with various aspects of the
Debian \s-1PHP\s0 policy.
.IP "\fBpo-debconf\fR (\fBpd\fR)" 4
.IX Item "po-debconf (pd)"
This looks for common mistakes in packages using \fIpo\-debconf\fR\|(7).
.IP "\fBpython\fR" 4
.IX Item "python"
This script checks Python-related issues
.IP "\fBrules\fR (\fBrul\fR)" 4
.IX Item "rules (rul)"
Check targets and actions in \fIdebian/rules\fR.
.IP "\fBscripts\fR (\fBscr\fR)" 4
.IX Item "scripts (scr)"
This script checks the #! lines of scripts in a package.
.IP "\fBshared-libs\fR (\fBshl\fR)" 4
.IX Item "shared-libs (shl)"
This script checks if a binary package conforms to shared library policy.
.IP "\fBsource-changelog\fR" 4
.IX Item "source-changelog"
This script checks if a source package conforms to policy
with regard to changelog files.
.Sp
Each source package should have a \fIdebian/changelog\fR file.
.IP "\fBsource-copyright\fR (\fBscpy\fR)" 4
.IX Item "source-copyright (scpy)"
This script checks if a source package conforms to policy
with regard to copyright files.
.Sp
Each source package should have a \fIdebian/copyright\fR file.
.IP "\fBstandards-version\fR (\fBstd\fR)" 4
.IX Item "standards-version (std)"
This script checks if a source package contains a valid
Standards-Version field.
.IP "\fBsymlinks\fR (\fBsym\fR)" 4
.IX Item "symlinks (sym)"
This script checks for broken symlinks.
.IP "\fBsystemd\fR" 4
.IX Item "systemd"
Checks various systemd policy things
.IP "\fBtestsuite\fR" 4
.IX Item "testsuite"
This script checks the Testsuite field in package dsc files,
and \fIdebian/tests/control\fR if any.
.IP "\fBtriggers\fR" 4
.IX Item "triggers"
Check of trigger files in the binary package.
.IP "\fBudev\fR" 4
.IX Item "udev"
This script checks the udev rules for problems.
.IP "\fBupstream-metadata\fR" 4
.IX Item "upstream-metadata"
This script checks the \fIupstream/metadata\fR file for problems.
.IP "\fBupstream-signing-key\fR" 4
.IX Item "upstream-signing-key"
This script looks for public upstream signing keys in source packages
and, if present, checks that they conform to current standards.
.Sp
Each source package for which upstream developers sign releases should
have a watch file and a public key to verify the sources retrieved from
downloads.
.IP "\fBusrmerge\fR (\fBusr\fR)" 4
.IX Item "usrmerge (usr)"
This script checks for files with the same name installed in \fI/\fR and \fI/usr\fR.
.IP "\fBversion-substvars\fR (\fBv\-s\fR)" 4
.IX Item "version-substvars (v-s)"
This script checks for correct use of the various
\&\fI*Version\fR substvars, e.g. deprecated substvars,
or usage that can cause un-binNMUability
.IP "\fBwatch-file\fR (\fBwatch\fR)" 4
.IX Item "watch-file (watch)"
Check \fIdebian/watch\fR files in source packages.
.SH "COLLECTION"
.IX Header "COLLECTION"
.IP "\fBar-info\fR" 4
.IX Item "ar-info"
This script runs the \*(L"ar t\*(R" command over all .a files of package.
.IP "\fBbin-pkg-control\fR" 4
.IX Item "bin-pkg-control"
This script extracts the contents of control.tar into the \fIcontrol/\fR
and creates control-index as well.
.IP "\fBchangelog-file\fR" 4
.IX Item "changelog-file"
This script copies the \fIchangelog\fR file and
\&\fI\s-1NEWS\s0.Debian\fR file (if any) of a package into the lintian
directory.
.IP "\fBcopyright-file\fR" 4
.IX Item "copyright-file"
This script copies the \fIcopyright\fR file of a package into the
lintian directory.
.IP "\fBdiffstat\fR" 4
.IX Item "diffstat"
This script extracts the Debian diff of a source package, and runs
diffstat on it, leaving the result in the diffstat output file
.IP "\fBfile-info\fR" 4
.IX Item "file-info"
This script runs the \fIfile\fR\|(1) command over all files of any kind of package.
.IP "\fBjava-info\fR" 4
.IX Item "java-info"
This script extracts information from manifests of \s-1JAR\s0 files
.IP "\fBmd5sums\fR" 4
.IX Item "md5sums"
This script runs the \fImd5sums\fR\|(1) over all files in a binary package.
.IP "\fBobjdump-info\fR" 4
.IX Item "objdump-info"
This script runs \fIobjdump\fR\|(1) over all binaries and object files of a
binary package.
.IP "\fBoverride-file\fR" 4
.IX Item "override-file"
This script copies the \fIoverride\fR file of a package into the
lintian directory.
.IP "\fBscripts\fR" 4
.IX Item "scripts"
This script scans a binary package for scripts that start with #! and
lists their filenames together with the interpreter named by their first line.
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& The format is: scriptpath filename
.Ve
.Sp
Note that the filename might contain spaces, but the scriptpath will not,
because linux only looks at the first word when executing a script.
.IP "\fBsrc-orig-index\fR" 4
.IX Item "src-orig-index"
This script create an index file of the contents of the orig tarballs.
.IP "\fBstrings\fR" 4
.IX Item "strings"
This script runs the \fIstrings\fR\|(1) command over all files of a binary
package.
.IP "\fBunpacked\fR" 4
.IX Item "unpacked"
This script unpacks the package under the \fIunpacked/\fR directory
.SH "FILES"
.IX Header "FILES"
Lintian looks for its configuration file in the following locations:
.IP "\(bu" 4
The argument given to \fB\-\-cfg\fR
.IP "\(bu" 4
\&\fI\f(CI$LINTIAN_CFG\fI\fR
.IP "\(bu" 4
\&\fI\f(CI$XDG_CONFIG_HOME\fI/lintian/lintianrc\fR
.IP "\(bu" 4
\&\fI\f(CI$HOME\fI/.lintianrc\fR
.Sp
Deprecated in Lintian/2.5.12 and newer (use the \s-1XDG\s0 based variant
above)
.IP "\(bu" 4
\&\fIXGD_DIR/lintian/lintianrc\fR
.Sp
Where \s-1XGD_DIR\s0 is a directories listed in \fI\f(CI$XDG_CONFIG_DIRS\fI\fR (or
\&\fI/etc/xdg\fR if \fI\f(CI$XDG_CONFIG_DIRS\fI\fR is unset).
.IP "\(bu" 4
\&\fI/etc/lintianrc\fR
.Sp
Deprecated in Lintian/2.5.12 and newer (use the \s-1XDG\s0 based variant
above)
.PP
Lintian uses the following directories:
.IP "\fI/tmp\fR" 4
.IX Item "/tmp"
Lintian defaults to creating a temporary lab directory in \fI/tmp\fR.  To
change the directory used, set the \s-1TMPDIR\s0 environment variable to a
suitable directory.  \s-1TMPDIR\s0 can be set in the configuration file.
.IP "\fI/usr/share/lintian/checks\fR" 4
.IX Item "/usr/share/lintian/checks"
Scripts that check aspects of a package.
.IP "\fI/usr/share/lintian/collection\fR" 4
.IX Item "/usr/share/lintian/collection"
Scripts that collect information about a package and store it for use
by the check scripts.
.IP "\fI/usr/share/lintian/data\fR" 4
.IX Item "/usr/share/lintian/data"
Supporting data used by Lintian checks and for output formatting.
.IP "\fI/usr/share/lintian/lib\fR" 4
.IX Item "/usr/share/lintian/lib"
Utility scripts used by the other lintian scripts.
.PP
For binary packages, Lintian looks for overrides in a file named
\&\fIusr/share/lintian/overrides/<package>\fR inside the binary
package, where \fI<package>\fR is the name of the binary
package.  For source packages, Lintian looks for overrides in
\&\fIdebian/source/lintian\-overrides\fR and then in
\&\fIdebian/source.lintian\-overrides\fR if the first file is not found.
The first path is preferred.  See the Lintian User's Manual for the
syntax of overrides.
.SH "CONFIGURATION FILE"
.IX Header "CONFIGURATION FILE"
The configuration file can be used to specify default values for some
options.  The general format is:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& option = value
.Ve
.PP
All whitespace adjacent to the \*(L"=\*(R" sign as well as leading and
trailing whitespace is ignored.  However whitespace within the
value is respected, as demonstrated by this example:
.PP
.Vb 4
\& # Parsed as "opt1" with value "val1"
\&    opt1    =   val1
\& # Parsed as "opt2" with value "val2.1  val2.2     val2.3"
\& opt2 = val2.1  val2.2     val2.3
.Ve
.PP
Unless otherwise specified, no option may appear more than once.
Lintian will ignore empty lines or lines starting with the
\&\fB#\fR\-character.
.PP
Generally options will be the long form of the command-line option
without the leading dashes.  There some exceptions (such as
\&\-\-profile), where Lintian uses the same name as the environment
variable.
.PP
Lintian only allows a subset of the options specified in the
configuration file; please refer to the individual options in
\&\*(L"\s-1OPTIONS\*(R"\s0.
.PP
In the configuration file, all options listed must have a value, even
if they do not accept a value on command line (e.g. \-\-pedantic).  The
values \*(L"yes\*(R", \*(L"y\*(R", \*(L"1\*(R", or \*(L"true\*(R" will enable such an option and \*(L"no\*(R",
\&\*(L"n\*(R", \*(L"0\*(R" or \*(L"false\*(R" will disable it.  Prior to the 2.5.2 release,
these values were case sensitive.
.PP
For other options, they generally take the same values as they do on
the command line.  Though some options allow a slightly different
format (e.g. \-\-display\-level).  These exceptions are explained for the
relevant options in \*(L"\s-1OPTIONS\*(R"\s0.
.PP
Beyond command line options, it is also allowed to specify the
environment variable \*(L"\s-1TMPDIR\*(R"\s0 in the configuration file.
.PP
A sample configuration file could look like:
.PP
.Vb 4
\& # Sample configuration file for lintian
\& #
\& # Set the default profile (\-\-profile)
\& LINTIAN_PROFILE = debian
\& 
\& # Set the default TMPDIR for lintian to /var/tmp/lintian
\& # \- useful if /tmp is tmpfs with "limited" size.
\& TMPDIR = /var/tmp/lintian/
\& 
\& # Show info (I:) tags by default (\-\-display\-info)
\& #  NB: this cannot be used with display\-level
\& display\-info=yes
\& 
\& # Ignore all overrides (\-\-no\-override)
\& #  NB: called "override" in the config file
\& #      and has inverted value!
\& override = no
\& 
\& # Automatically determine if color should be used
\& color = auto
.Ve
.SH "EXIT STATUS"
.IX Header "EXIT STATUS"
.IP "\fB0\fR" 4
.IX Item "0"
No policy violations or major errors detected.
(There may have been warnings, though.)
.IP "\fB1\fR" 4
.IX Item "1"
Policy violations or major errors detected.
.IP "\fB2\fR" 4
.IX Item "2"
Lintian run-time error. An error message is sent to stderr.
.SH "CHECKING LAST BUILD"
.IX Header "CHECKING LAST BUILD"
When run in an unpacked package dir (with no package selection
arguments), Lintian will use \fIdebian/changelog\fR to determine the
source and version of the package.  Lintian will then attempt to find
a matching \fI.changes\fR file for this source and version combination.
.PP
Lintian will (in order) search the following directories:
.IP ".." 4
Used by \fIdpkg\-buildpackage\fR\|(1).
.IP "../build\-area" 4
.IX Item "../build-area"
Used by \fIsvn\-buildpackage\fR\|(1).
.IP "/var/cache/pbuilder/result" 4
.IX Item "/var/cache/pbuilder/result"
Used by \fIpbuilder\fR\|(1) and \fIcowbuilder\fR\|(1).
.PP
In each directory, Lintian will attempt to find a \fI.changes\fR file
using the following values as architecture (in order):
.IP "\fI\f(CI$DEB_BUILD_ARCH\fI\fR (or \fIdpkg \-\-print\-architecture\fR)" 4
.IX Item "$DEB_BUILD_ARCH (or dpkg --print-architecture)"
The environment variable \s-1DEB_BUILD_ARCH \s0(if not set, \*(L"dpkg
\&\-\-print\-architecture\*(R" will be used instead)
.IP "\fI\f(CI$DEB_HOST_ARCH\fI\fR" 4
.IX Item "$DEB_HOST_ARCH"
The environment variable \s-1DEB_HOST_ARCH.\s0
.IP "\fIdpkg \-\-print\-foreign\-architectures\fR" 4
.IX Item "dpkg --print-foreign-architectures"
If \fIdpkg\fR\|(1) appears to support multi-arch, then any architecture listed
by \*(L"dpkg \-\-print\-foreign\-architectures\*(R" will be used (in the order
returned by dpkg).
.IP "\fImulti\fR" 4
.IX Item "multi"
Pseudo architecture used by \fImergechanges\fR\|(1).
.IP "\fIall\fR" 4
.IX Item "all"
Used when building architecture indep packages only (e.g.
dpkg-buildpackage \-A).
.IP "\fIsource\fR" 4
.IX Item "source"
Used for \*(L"source only\*(R" builds (e.g. dpkg-buildpackage \-S).
.PP
If a \fI.changes\fR file matches any combination above exists, Lintian
will process the first match as if you had passed it per command line.
If no \fI.changes\fR file can be found, Lintian will print a list of attempted
locations on \s-1STDERR\s0 and exit 0.
.SH "EXAMPLES"
.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
.IP "\fB$ lintian foo.changes\fR" 4
.IX Item "$ lintian foo.changes"
Check the changes file itself and any (binary, udeb or source) package
listed in it.
.IP "\fB$ lintian foo.deb\fR" 4
.IX Item "$ lintian foo.deb"
Check binary package foo given by foo.deb.
.IP "\fB$ lintian foo.dsc\fR" 4
.IX Item "$ lintian foo.dsc"
Check source package foo given by foo.dsc.
.IP "\fB$ lintian foo.dsc \-L +minor/possible\fR" 4
.IX Item "$ lintian foo.dsc -L +minor/possible"
Check source package foo given by foo.dsc, including minor/possible
tags.
.IP "\fB$ lintian \-i foo.changes\fR" 4
.IX Item "$ lintian -i foo.changes"
Check the changes file and, if listed, the source and binary package
of the upload. The output will contain detailed information about the
reported tags.
.IP "\fB$ lintian\fR" 4
.IX Item "$ lintian"
Assuming \fIdebian/changelog\fR exists, look for a changes file for the
source in the parent dir.  Otherwise, print usage information and
exit.
.SH "BUGS"
.IX Header "BUGS"
Lintian does not have any locking mechanisms yet.  (Running several
Lintian processes on the same laboratory simultaneously is likely to fail
or corrupt the laboratory.)
.PP
If you discover any other bugs in lintian, please contact the authors.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fIlintian\-info\fR\|(1), Lintian User Manual
(/usr/share/doc/lintian/lintian.html/index.html)
.PP
Packaging tools: \fIdebhelper\fR\|(7), \fIdh_make\fR\|(8),
\&\fIdpkg\-buildpackage\fR\|(1).
.SH "AUTHORS"
.IX Header "AUTHORS"
Niels Thykier <niels@thykier.net>
.PP
Richard Braakman <dark@xs4all.nl>
.PP
Christian Schwarz <schwarz@monet.m.isar.de>
.PP
Please use the email address <lintian\-maint@debian.org> for
Lintian related comments.