.\" Copyright (C) 1994 Jochen Hein (Hein@Student.TU-Clausthal.de) .\" Copyright (C) 2008 Petr Baudis (pasky@suse.cz) .\" Copyright (C) 2014 Michael Kerrisk .\" .\" %%%LICENSE_START(GPLv2+_SW_3_PARA) .\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify .\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by .\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or .\" (at your option) any later version. .\" .\" This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the .\" GNU General Public License for more details. .\" .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public .\" License along with this manual; if not, see .\" . .\" %%%LICENSE_END .\" .\" 2008-06-17 Petr Baudis .\" LC_TIME: Describe first_weekday and first_workday .\" .TH LOCALE 5 2014-06-13 "Linux" "Linux User Manual" .SH NAME locale \- describes a locale definition file .SH DESCRIPTION The .B locale definition file contains all the information that the .BR localedef (1) command needs to convert it into the binary locale database. The definition files consist of sections which each describe a locale category in detail. .SS Syntax The locale definition file starts with a header that may consist of the following keywords: .TP .I is followed by a character that should be used as the escape-character for the rest of the file to mark characters that should be interpreted in a special way. It defaults to the backslash (\\). .TP .I is followed by a character that will be used as the comment-character for the rest of the file. It defaults to the number sign (#). .PP The locale definition has one part for each locale category. Each part can be copied from another existing locale or can be defined from scratch. If the category should be copied, the only valid keyword in the definition is .B copy followed by the name of the locale which should be copied. .SS Locale category sections The following category sections are defined by POSIX: .IP * 3 .B LC_CTYPE .IP * .B LC_COLLATE .IP * .B LC_MESSAGES .IP * .B LC_MONETARY .IP * .B LC_NUMERIC .IP * .B LC_TIME .PP In addition, since version 2.2, the GNU C library supports the following nonstandard categories: .IP * 3 .B LC_ADDRESS .IP * .B LC_IDENTIFICATION .IP * .B LC_MEASUREMENT .IP * .B LC_NAME .IP * .B LC_PAPER .IP * .B LC_TELEPHONE .SS LC_ADDRESS The definition starts with the string .B LC_ADDRESS in the first column. The following keywords are allowed: .\" Thanks to the kind folk who wrote localedata/locales/uk_UA .TP .I postal_fmt followed by a string containing field descriptors that define the format used for postal addresses in the locale. The following field descriptors are recognized: .\" From localedata/locales/uk_UA: .RS .\" .TP .\" %n .\" BUG: %l escape sequence from ISO/IEC 14652:2002 is not supported .\" by glibc .\" Person's name, possibly constructed with the .\" .B LC_NAME .\" .I name_fmt .\" keyword. .TP %a Care of person, or organization. .TP %f Firm name. .TP %d Department name. .TP %b Building name. .TP %s Street or block (e.g., Japanese) name. .TP %h House number or designation. .TP %N Insert an end-of-line if the previous descriptor's value was not an empty string; otherwise ignore. .TP %t Insert a space if the previous descriptor's value was not an empty string; otherwise ignore. .TP %r Room number, door designation. .TP %e Floor number. .TP %C Country designation, from the keyword. .\" .TP .\" %l .\" BUG: %l escape sequence from ISO/IEC 14652:2002 is not .\" supported by glibc .\" Local township within town or city. .TP %z Zip number, postal code. .TP %T Town, city. .TP %S State, province, or prefecture. .TP %c Country, as taken from data record. .PP Each field descriptor may have an \(aqR\(aq after the \(aq%\(aq to specify that the information is taken from a Romanized version string of the entity. .RE .TP .I country_name followed by the country name in the language of the current document (e.g., "Deutschland" for the .IR de_DE locale). .TP .I country_post followed by the abbreviation of the country (see CERT_MAILCODES). .TP .I country_ab2 followed by the two-letter abbreviation of the country (ISO 3166). .TP .I country_ab3 followed by the three-letter abbreviation of the country (ISO 3166). .TP .I country_num followed by the numeric country code (ISO 3166). .TP .I country_car followed by the code for the country car number. .TP .I country_isbn followed by the ISBN code (for books). .TP .I lang_name followed by the language name in the language of the current document. .TP .I lang_ab followed by the two-letter abbreviation of the language (ISO 639). .TP .I lang_term followed by the three-letter abbreviation of the language (ISO 639-2/T). .TP .I lang_lib followed by the three-letter abbreviation of the language for library use (ISO 639-2/B). Applications should in general prefer .IR lang_term over .IR lang_lib . .PP The .B LC_ADDRESS definition ends with the string .IR "END LC_ADDRESS" . .SS LC_CTYPE The definition starts with the string .B LC_CTYPE in the first column. The following keywords are allowed: .\" FIXME The following LC_CTYPE keywords are not documented: .\" translit_start + translit_end .\" charclass .\" charconv .\" outdigit .\" include .\" map (to_inpunct, to_outpunct) .TP .I upper followed by a list of uppercase letters. The letters .B A through .B Z are included automatically. Characters also specified as .BR cntrl , .BR digit , .BR punct , or .B space are not allowed. .TP .I lower followed by a list of lowercase letters. The letters .B a through .B z are included automatically. Characters also specified as .BR cntrl , .BR digit , .BR punct , or .B space are not allowed. .TP .I alpha followed by a list of letters. All character specified as either .B upper or .B lower are automatically included. Characters also specified as .BR cntrl , .BR digit , .BR punct , or .B space are not allowed. .TP .I digit followed by the characters classified as numeric digits. Only the digits .B 0 through .B 9 are allowed. They are included by default in this class. .TP .I space followed by a list of characters defined as white-space characters. Characters also specified as .BR upper , .BR lower , .BR alpha , .BR digit , .BR graph , or .B xdigit are not allowed. The characters .BR , .BR , .BR , .BR , .BR , and .B are automatically included. .TP .I cntrl followed by a list of control characters. Characters also specified as .BR upper , .BR lower , .BR alpha , .BR digit , .BR punct , .BR graph , .BR print , or .B xdigit are not allowed. .TP .I punct followed by a list of punctuation characters. Characters also specified as .BR upper , .BR lower , .BR alpha , .BR digit , .BR cntrl , .BR xdigit , or the .B character are not allowed. .TP .I graph followed by a list of printable characters, not including the .B character. The characters defined as .BR upper , .BR lower , .BR alpha , .BR digit , .BR xdigit , and .B punct are automatically included. Characters also specified as .B cntrl are not allowed. .TP .I print followed by a list of printable characters, including the .B character. The characters defined as .BR upper , .BR lower , .BR alpha , .BR digit , .BR xdigit , .BR punct , and the .B character are automatically included. Characters also specified as .B cntrl are not allowed. .TP .I xdigit followed by a list of characters classified as hexadecimal digits. The decimal digits must be included followed by one or more set of six characters in ascending order. The following characters are included by default: .B 0 through .BR 9 , .B a through .BR f , .B A through .BR F . .TP .I blank followed by a list of characters classified as .BR blank . The characters .B and .B are automatically included. .TP .I toupper followed by a list of mappings from lowercase to uppercase letters. Each mapping is a pair of a lowercase and an uppercase letter separated with a .B , and enclosed in parentheses. The members of the list are separated with semicolons. .TP .I tolower followed by a list of mappings from uppercase to lowercase letters. If the keyword tolower is not present, the reverse of the toupper list is used. .PP The .B LC_CTYPE definition ends with the string .IR "END LC_CTYPE" . .SS LC_COLLATE .\" FIXME The description of LC_COLLATE lacks a lot of details The .B LC_COLLATE category defines the rules for collating characters. Due to limitations of libc not all POSIX-options are implemented. The definition starts with the string .B LC_COLLATE in the first column. The following keywords are allowed: .\" FIXME The following LC_COLLATE keywords are not documented: .\" script .\" symbol-equivalence .TP .I collating-element followed by the definition of a collating-element symbol representing a multicharacter collating element. .TP .I collating-symbol followed by the definition of a collating symbol that can be used in collation order statements. .PP The order-definition starts with a line: .TP .I order_start followed by a list of keywords chosen from .BR forward , .BR backward , or .BR position . The order definition consists of lines that describe the order and is terminated with the keyword .IR order_end . .\" FIXME The following LC_COLLATE keywords are not documented: .\" reorder-after .\" reorder-end .\" reorder-sections-after .\" reorder-sections-end .PP The .B LC_COLLATE definition ends with the string .IR "END LC_COLLATE" . .SS LC_IDENTIFICATION This category contains meta-information about the locale definition. The definition starts with the string .B LC_IDENTIFICATION in the first column. The following keywords are allowed: .TP .I title followed by the title of the locale document (e.g., "Maori language locale for New Zealand"). .TP .I source followed by the name of the organization that maintains this document. .TP .I address followed by the address of the organization that maintains this document. .TP .I contact followed by the name of the contact person at the organization that maintains this document. .TP .I email followed by the email address of the person or organization that maintains this document. .TP .I tel followed by the telephone number (in international format) of the organization that maintains this document. .TP .I fax followed by the fax number (in international format) of the organization that maintains this document. .TP .I language followed by the name of the language to which this document applies. .TP .I territory followed by the name of the country/geographic extent to which this document applies. .TP .I audience followed by a description of the audience for which this document is intended. .TP .I application followed by a description of any special application for which this document is intended. .TP .I abbreviation .\" as far as I can tell... (mtk) followed by the short name for this document. .TP .I revision followed by the revision number of this document. .TP .I date followed by the revision date of this document. .PP In addition, for each of the categories defined by the document, there should be a line starting with the keyword .IR category , followed by: .IP * 3 a string that identifies this locale category definition, .IP * a semicolon, and .IP * one of the .BI LC_ * identifiers. .PP The .B LC_IDENTIFICATION definition ends with the string .IR "END LC_IDENTIFICATION" . .SS LC_MESSAGES The definition starts with the string .B LC_MESSAGES in the first column. The following keywords are allowed: .TP .I yesexpr followed by a regular expression that describes possible yes-responses. .TP .I noexpr followed by a regular expression that describes possible no-responses. .TP .I yesstr followed by the output string corresponding to "yes". .TP .I nostr followed by the output string corresponding to "no". .PP The .B LC_MESSAGES definition ends with the string .IR "END LC_MESSAGES" . .SS LC_MEASUREMENT The definition starts with the string .B LC_MEASUREMENT in the first column. The following keywords are allowed: .TP .I measurement followed by number identifying the standard used for measurement. The following values are recognized: .RS .TP .B 1 Metric. .TP .B 2 US customary measurements. .RE .PP The .B LC_MEASUREMENT definition ends with the string .IR "END LC_MEASUREMENT" . .SS LC_MONETARY The definition starts with the string .B LC_MONETARY in the first column. The following keywords are allowed: .TP .I int_curr_symbol followed by the international currency symbol. This must be a 4-character string containing the international currency symbol as defined by the ISO 4217 standard (three characters) followed by a separator. .TP .I currency_symbol followed by the local currency symbol. .TP .I mon_decimal_point followed by the string that will be used as the decimal delimiter when formatting monetary quantities. .TP .I mon_thousands_sep followed by the string that will be used as a group separator when formatting monetary quantities. .TP .I mon_grouping followed by a sequence of integers separated by semicolons that describe the formatting of monetary quantities. See .I grouping below for details. .TP .I positive_sign followed by a string that is used to indicate a positive sign for monetary quantities. .TP .I negative_sign followed by a string that is used to indicate a negative sign for monetary quantities. .TP .I int_frac_digits followed by the number of fractional digits that should be used when formatting with the .IR int_curr_symbol . .TP .I frac_digits followed by the number of fractional digits that should be used when formatting with the .IR currency_symbol . .TP .I p_cs_precedes followed by an integer that indicates the placement of .I currency_symbol for a nonnegative formatted monetary quantity: .RS .TP .B 0 the symbol succeeds the value. .TP .B 1 the symbol precedes the value. .RE .TP .I n_cs_precedes followed by an integer that indicates the placement of .I currency_symbol for a negative formatted monetary quantity. The same values are recognized as for .IR p_cs_precedes . .TP .I int_p_cs_precedes followed by an integer that indicates the placement of .I int_currency_symbol for a nonnegative internationally formatted monetary quantity. The same values are recognized as for .IR p_cs_precedes . .TP .I int_n_cs_precedes followed by an integer that indicates the placement of .I int_currency_symbol for a negative internationally formatted monetary quantity. The same values are recognized as for .IR p_cs_precedes . .TP .I p_sep_by_space followed by an integer that indicates the separation of .IR currency_symbol , the sign string, and the value for a nonnegative formatted monetary quantity. The following values are recognized: .RS .TP .B 0 No space separates the currency symbol and the value. .TP .B 1 If the currency symbol and the sign string are adjacent, a space separates them from the value; otherwise a space separates the currency symbol and the value. .TP .B 2 If the currency symbol and the sign string are adjacent, a space separates them from the value; otherwise a space separates the sign string and the value. .RE .TP .I n_sep_by_space followed by an integer that indicates the separation of .IR currency_symbol , the sign string, and the value for a negative formatted monetary quantity. The same values are recognized as for .IR p_sep_by_space . .TP .I int_p_sep_by_space followed by an integer that indicates the separation of .IR int_currency_symbol , the sign string, and the value for a nonnegative internationally formatted monetary quantity. The same values are recognized as for .IR p_sep_by_space . .TP .I int_n_sep_by_space followed by an integer that indicates the separation of .IR int_currency_symbol , the sign string, and the value for a negative internationally formatted monetary quantity. The same values are recognized as for .IR p_sep_by_space . .TP .I p_sign_posn followed by an integer that indicates where the .I positive_sign should be placed for a nonnegative monetary quantity: .RS .TP .B 0 Parentheses enclose the quantity and the .I currency_symbol or .IR int_curr_symbol . .TP .B 1 The sign string precedes the quantity and the .I currency_symbol or the .IR int_curr_symbol . .TP .B 2 The sign string succeeds the quantity and the .I currency_symbol or the .IR int_curr_symbol . .TP .B 3 The sign string precedes the .I currency_symbol or the .IR int_curr_symbol . .TP .B 4 The sign string succeeds the .I currency_symbol or the .IR int_curr_symbol . .RE .TP .I n_sign_posn followed by an integer that indicates where the .I negative_sign should be placed for a negative monetary quantity. The same values are recognized as for .IR p_sign_posn . .TP .I int_p_sign_posn followed by an integer that indicates where the .I negative_sign should be placed for a nonnegative internationally formatted monetary quantity. The same values are recognized as for .IR p_sign_posn . .TP .I int_n_sign_posn followed by an integer that indicates where the .I negative_sign should be placed for a negative internationally formatted monetary quantity. The same values are recognized as for .IR p_sign_posn . .PP The .B LC_MONETARY definition ends with the string .IR "END LC_MONETARY" . .SS LC_NAME The definition starts with the string .B LC_NAME in the first column. Various keywords are allowed, but only .IR name_fmt is mandatory. Other keywords are needed only if there is common convention to use the corresponding salutation in this locale. The allowed keywords are as follows: .TP .I name_fmt followed by a string containing field descriptors that define the format used for names in the locale. The following field descriptors are recognized: .\" From localedata/locales/uk_UA: .RS .TP %f Family name(s). .TP %F Family names in uppercase. .TP %g First given name. .TP %G First given initial. .TP %l First given name with Latin letters. .TP %o Other shorter name. .TP %m Additional given name(s). .TP %M Initials for additional given name(s). .TP %p Profession. .TP %s Salutation, such as "Doctor". .TP %S Abbreviated salutation, such as "Mr." or "Dr.". .TP %d Salutation, using the FDCC-sets conventions. .\" 1 for the name_gen .\" In glibc 2.19, %d1 is used in only: .\" /home/mtk/ARCHIVE/GLIBC/glibc-2.19/localedata/locales/bem_ZM .\" /home/mtk/ARCHIVE/GLIBC/glibc-2.19/localedata/locales/zh_HK .\" In glibc 2.19, %d[2-5] appear to be not used at all .\" 2 for name_mr .\" 3 for name_mrs .\" 4 for name_miss .\" 5 for name_ms .TP %t If the preceding field descriptor resulted in an empty string, then the empty string, otherwise a space character. .RE .TP .I name_gen followed by the general salutation for any gender. .TP .I name_mr followed by the salutation for men. .TP .I name_mrs followed by the salutation for married women. .TP .I name_miss followed by the salutation for unmarried women. .TP .I name_ms followed by the salutation valid for all women. .PP The .B LC_NAME definition ends with the string .IR "END LC_NAME" . .SS LC_NUMERIC The definition starts with the string .B LC_NUMERIC in the first column. The following keywords are allowed: .TP .I decimal_point followed by the string that will be used as the decimal delimiter when formatting numeric quantities. .TP .I thousands_sep followed by the string that will be used as a group separator when formatting numeric quantities. .TP .I grouping followed by a sequence of integers separated by semicolons that describe the formatting of numeric quantities. .IP Each integer specifies the number of digits in a group. The first integer defines the size of the group immediately to the left of the decimal delimiter. Subsequent integers define succeeding groups to the left of the previous group. If the last integer is not \-1, then the size of the previous group (if any) is repeatedly used for the remainder of the digits. If the last integer is \-1, then no further grouping is performed. .PP The .B LC_NUMERIC definition ends with the string .IR "END LC_NUMERIC" . .SS LC_PAPER The definition starts with the string .B LC_PAPER in the first column. The following keywords are allowed: .TP .I height followed by the height, in millimeters, of the standard paper format. .TP .I width followed by the width, in millimeters, of the standard paper format. .PP The .B LC_PAPER definition ends with the string .IR "END LC_PAPER" . .SS LC_TELEPHONE The definition starts with the string .B LC_TELEPHONE in the first column. The following keywords are allowed: .TP .I tel_int_fmt followed by a string that contains field descriptors that identify the format used to dial international numbers. The following field descriptors are recognized: .\" From localedata/locales/uk_UA .RS .TP %a Area code without nationwide prefix (the prefix is often "00"). .TP %A Area code including nationwide prefix. .TP %l Local number (within area code). .TP %e Extension (to local number). .TP %c Country code. .TP %C Alternate carrier service code used for dialing abroad. .TP %t If the preceding field descriptor resulted in an empty string, then the empty string, otherwise a space character. .RE .TP .I tel_dom_fmt followed by a string that contains field descriptors that identify the format used to dial domestic numbers. The recognized field descriptors are the same as for .IR tel_int_fmt . .TP .I int_select followed by the prefix used to call international phone numbers. .TP .I int_prefix followed by the prefix used from other countries to dial this country. .PP The .B LC_TELEPHONE definition ends with the string .IR "END LC_TELEPHONE" . .SS LC_TIME The definition starts with the string .B LC_TIME in the first column. The following keywords are allowed: .\" FIXME The following LC_TIME keywords are not documented: .\" era .\" era_d_fmt .\" era_d_t_fmt .\" era_t_fmt .\" timezone .TP .I abday followed by a list of abbreviated names of the days of the week. The list starts with the first day of the week as specified by .I week (Sunday by default). See NOTES. .TP .I day followed by a list of names of the days of the week. The list starts with the first day of the week as specified by .I week (Sunday by default). See NOTES. .TP .I abmon followed by a list of abbreviated month names. .TP .I mon followed by a list of month names. .TP .I am_pm followed by the appropriate representation of the .B am and .B pm strings. This should be left empty for locales not using AM/PM convention. .TP .I d_t_fmt followed by the appropriate date and time format. .TP .I d_fmt followed by the appropriate date format. .TP .I t_fmt followed by the appropriate time format. .TP .I t_fmt_ampm followed by the appropriate time format when using 12h clock format. This should be left empty for locales not using AM/PM convention. .TP .I week followed by a list of three values: The number of days in a week (by default 7), a date of beginning of the week (by default corresponds to Sunday), and the minimal length of the first week in year (by default 4). Regarding the start of the week, .B 19971130 shall be used for Sunday and .B 19971201 shall be used for Monday. See NOTES. .TP .IR first_weekday " (since glibc 2.2)" followed by the number of the first day from the .I day list to be shown in calendar applications. The default value of .B 1 corresponds to either Sunday or Monday depending on the value of the second .I week list item. See NOTES. .TP .IR first_workday " (since glibc 2.2)" followed by the number of the first working day from the .I day list. The default value is .BR 2 . See NOTES. .TP .I cal_direction .\" from localedata/locales/uk_UA followed by a value that indicates the direction for the display of calendar dates, as follows: .RS .TP .B 1 Left-right from top. .TP .B 2 Top-down from left. .TP .B 3 Right-left from top. .RE .TP .I date_fmt followed by the appropriate date representation for .BR date (1). .PP The .B LC_TIME definition ends with the string .IR "END LC_TIME" . .SH FILES .TP .I /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive Usual default locale archive location. .TP .I /usr/share/i18n/locales Usual default path for locale definition files. .SH CONFORMING TO POSIX.2, ISO/IEC TR 14652. .SH NOTES The collective GNU C library community wisdom regarding .IR abday , .IR day , .IR week , .IR first_weekday , and .I first_workday states at https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Locales the following: .IP * 3 The value of the second .I week list item specifies the base of the .I abday and .I day lists. .IP * .I first_weekday specifies the offset of the first day-of-week in the .I abday and .I day lists. .IP * For compatibility reasons, all glibc locales should set the value of the second .I week list item to .B 19971130 (Sunday) and base the .I abday and .I day lists appropriately, and set .I first_weekday to .B 1 or .BR 2 , depending on whether the week actually starts on Sunday or Monday for the locale. .SH BUGS This manual page isn't complete. .\" .SH AUTHOR .\" Jochen Hein (Hein@Student.TU-Clausthal.de) .SH SEE ALSO .BR locale (1), .BR localedef (1), .BR localeconv (3), .BR newlocale (3), .BR setlocale (3), .BR uselocale (3), .BR charmap (5), .BR charsets (7), .BR locale (7), .BR unicode (7), .BR utf-8 (7) .SH COLOPHON This page is part of release 3.74 of the Linux .I man-pages project. A description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest version of this page, can be found at \%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man\-pages/.