NAME¶
Mojolicious::Controller - Controller base class
SYNOPSIS¶
# Controller
package MyApp::Controller::Foo;
use Mojo::Base 'Mojolicious::Controller';
# Action
sub bar {
my $self = shift;
my $name = $self->param('name');
$self->res->headers->cache_control('max-age=1, no-cache');
$self->render(json => {hello => $name});
}
DESCRIPTION¶
Mojolicious::Controller is the base class for your Mojolicious controllers. It
is also the default controller class unless you set
"controller_class" in Mojolicious.
ATTRIBUTES¶
Mojolicious::Controller inherits all attributes from Mojo::Base and implements
the following new ones.
app¶
my $app = $c->app;
$c = $c->app(Mojolicious->new);
A reference back to the application that dispatched to this controller, defaults
to a Mojolicious object.
# Use application logger
$c->app->log->debug('Hello Mojo!');
# Generate path
my $path = $c->app->home->rel_file('templates/foo/bar.html.ep');
match¶
my $m = $c->match;
$c = $c->match(Mojolicious::Routes::Match->new);
Router results for the current request, defaults to a Mojolicious::Routes::Match
object.
# Introspect
my $controller = $c->match->endpoint->pattern->defaults->{controller};
my $action = $c->match->stack->[-1]{action};
my $tx = $c->tx;
$c = $c->tx(Mojo::Transaction::HTTP->new);
The transaction that is currently being processed, usually a
Mojo::Transaction::HTTP or Mojo::Transaction::WebSocket object. Note that this
reference is usually weakened, so the object needs to be referenced elsewhere
as well when you're performing non-blocking operations and the underlying
connection might get closed early.
# Check peer information
my $address = $c->tx->remote_address;
my $port = $c->tx->remote_port;
# Perform non-blocking operation without knowing the connection status
my $tx = $c->tx;
Mojo::IOLoop->timer(2 => sub {
$c->app->log->debug($tx->is_finished ? 'Finished.' : 'In progress.');
});
METHODS¶
Mojolicious::Controller inherits all methods from Mojo::Base and implements the
following new ones.
continue¶
$c->continue;
Continue dispatch chain with "continue" in Mojolicious::Routes.
cookie¶
my $value = $c->cookie('foo');
my ($foo, $bar) = $c->cookie(['foo', 'bar']);
$c = $c->cookie(foo => 'bar');
$c = $c->cookie(foo => 'bar', {path => '/'});
Access request cookie values and create new response cookies. If there are
multiple values sharing the same name, and you want to access more than just
the last one, you can use "every_cookie".
# Create response cookie with domain and expiration date
$c->cookie(user => 'sri', {domain => 'example.com', expires => time + 60});
every_cookie¶
my $values = $c->every_cookie('foo');
Similar to "cookie", but returns all request cookie values sharing the
same name as an array reference.
$ Get first cookie value
my $first = $c->every_cookie('foo')->[0];
every_param¶
my $values = $c->every_param('foo');
Similar to "param", but returns all values sharing the same name as an
array reference.
# Get first value
my $first = $c->every_param('foo')->[0];
every_signed_cookie¶
my $values = $c->every_signed_cookie('foo');
Similar to "signed_cookie", but returns all signed request cookie
values sharing the same name as an array reference.
# Get first signed cookie value
my $first = $c->every_signed_cookie('foo')->[0];
finish¶
$c = $c->finish;
$c = $c->finish(1000);
$c = $c->finish(1003 => 'Cannot accept data!');
$c = $c->finish('Bye!');
Close WebSocket connection or long poll stream gracefully.
flash¶
my $foo = $c->flash('foo');
$c = $c->flash({foo => 'bar'});
$c = $c->flash(foo => 'bar');
Data storage persistent only for the next request, stored in the
"session".
# Show message after redirect
$c->flash(message => 'User created successfully!');
$c->redirect_to('show_user', id => 23);
helpers¶
my $helpers = $c->helpers;
Return a proxy object containing the current controller object and on which
helpers provided by "app" can be called. This includes all helpers
from Mojolicious::Plugin::DefaultHelpers and Mojolicious::Plugin::TagHelpers.
# Make sure to use the "title" helper and not the controller method
$c->helpers->title('Welcome!');
my $cb = $c->on(finish => sub {...});
Subscribe to events of "tx", which is usually a
Mojo::Transaction::HTTP or Mojo::Transaction::WebSocket object. Note that this
method will automatically respond to WebSocket handshake requests with a 101
response status.
# Do something after the transaction has been finished
$c->on(finish => sub {
my $c = shift;
$c->app->log->debug('We are done!');
});
# Receive WebSocket message
$c->on(message => sub {
my ($c, $msg) = @_;
$c->app->log->debug("Message: $msg");
});
# Receive JSON object via WebSocket message
$c->on(json => sub {
my ($c, $hash) = @_;
$c->app->log->debug("Test: $hash->{test}");
});
# Receive WebSocket "Binary" message
$c->on(binary => sub {
my ($c, $bytes) = @_;
my $len = length $bytes;
$c->app->log->debug("Received $len bytes.");
});
param¶
my @names = $c->param;
my $value = $c->param('foo');
my ($foo, $bar) = $c->param(['foo', 'bar']);
$c = $c->param(foo => 'ba;r');
$c = $c->param(foo => qw(ba;r baz));
$c = $c->param(foo => ['ba;r', 'baz']);
Access route placeholder values that are not reserved stash values, file uploads
as well as "GET" and "POST" parameters extracted from the
query string and "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" or
"multipart/form-data" message body, in that order. If there are
multiple values sharing the same name, and you want to access more than just
the last one, you can use "every_param". Parts of the request body
need to be loaded into memory to parse "POST" parameters, so you
have to make sure it is not excessively large, there's a 10MB limit by
default.
# Get first value
my $first = $c->every_param('foo')->[0];
For more control you can also access request information directly.
# Only GET parameters
my $foo = $c->req->url->query->param('foo');
# Only POST parameters
my $foo = $c->req->body_params->param('foo');
# Only GET and POST parameters
my $foo = $c->req->param('foo');
# Only file uploads
my $foo = $c->req->upload('foo');
redirect_to¶
$c = $c->redirect_to('named', foo => 'bar');
$c = $c->redirect_to('named', {foo => 'bar'});
$c = $c->redirect_to('/perldoc');
$c = $c->redirect_to('http://mojolicio.us/perldoc');
Prepare a 302 redirect response, takes the same arguments as
"url_for".
# Moved permanently
$c->res->code(301);
$c->redirect_to('some_route');
render¶
my $bool = $c->render;
my $bool = $c->render(controller => 'foo', action => 'bar');
my $bool = $c->render(template => 'foo/index');
my $bool = $c->render(template => 'index', format => 'html');
my $bool = $c->render(data => $bytes);
my $bool = $c->render(text => 'Hello!');
my $bool = $c->render(json => {foo => 'bar'});
my $bool = $c->render(handler => 'something');
my $bool = $c->render('foo/index');
Render content with "render" in Mojolicious::Renderer and emit hooks
"before_render" in Mojolicious as well as "after_render"
in Mojolicious. If no template is provided a default one based on controller
and action or route name will be generated with "template_for" in
Mojolicious::Renderer, all additional pairs get merged into the
"stash".
# Render characters
$c->render(text => 'I X Mojolicious!');
# Render binary data
use Mojo::JSON 'encode_json';
$c->render(data => encode_json({test => 'I X Mojolicious!'}));
# Render JSON
$c->render(json => {test => 'I X Mojolicious!'});
# Render template "foo/bar.html.ep"
$c->render(template => 'foo/bar', format => 'html', handler => 'ep');
# Render template "foo/bar.*.*"
$c->render(template => 'foo/bar');
# Render template "test.xml.*"
$c->render('test', format => 'xml');
render_exception¶
$c = $c->render_exception('Oops!');
$c = $c->render_exception(Mojo::Exception->new('Oops!'));
Alias for "reply->exception" in
Mojolicious::Plugin::DefaultHelpers.
render_later¶
$c = $c->render_later;
Disable automatic rendering to delay response generation, only necessary if
automatic rendering would result in a response.
# Delayed rendering
$c->render_later;
Mojo::IOLoop->timer(2 => sub {
$c->render(text => 'Delayed by 2 seconds!');
});
render_maybe¶
my $bool = $c->render_maybe;
my $bool = $c->render_maybe(controller => 'foo', action => 'bar');
my $bool = $c->render_maybe('foo/index', format => 'html');
Try to render content, but do not call "reply->not_found" in
Mojolicious::Plugin::DefaultHelpers if no response could be generated, takes
the same arguments as "render".
# Render template "index_local" only if it exists
$c->render_maybe('index_local') or $c->render('index');
render_not_found¶
$c = $c->render_not_found;
Alias for "reply->not_found" in
Mojolicious::Plugin::DefaultHelpers.
render_to_string¶
my $output = $c->render_to_string('foo/index', format => 'pdf');
Try to render content and return it wrapped in a Mojo::ByteStream object or
return "undef", all arguments get localized automatically and are
only available during this render operation, takes the same arguments as
"render".
rendered¶
$c = $c->rendered;
$c = $c->rendered(302);
Finalize response and emit hook "after_dispatch" in Mojolicious,
defaults to using a 200 response code.
# Custom response
$c->res->headers->content_type('text/plain');
$c->res->body('Hello World!');
$c->rendered(200);
# Accept WebSocket handshake without subscribing to an event
$c->rendered(101);
req¶
my $req = $c->req;
Get Mojo::Message::Request object from "tx".
# Longer version
my $req = $c->tx->req;
# Extract request information
my $url = $c->req->url->to_abs;
my $info = $c->req->url->to_abs->userinfo;
my $host = $c->req->url->to_abs->host;
my $agent = $c->req->headers->user_agent;
my $bytes = $c->req->body;
my $str = $c->req->text;
my $hash = $c->req->params->to_hash;
my $value = $c->req->json;
my $foo = $c->req->json('/23/foo');
my $dom = $c->req->dom;
my $bar = $c->req->dom('div.bar')->first->text;
res¶
my $res = $c->res;
Get Mojo::Message::Response object from "tx".
# Longer version
my $res = $c->tx->res;
# Force file download by setting a custom response header
$c->res->headers->content_disposition('attachment; filename=foo.png;');
respond_to¶
$c = $c->respond_to(
json => {json => {message => 'Welcome!'}},
html => {template => 'welcome'},
any => sub {...}
);
Automatically select best possible representation for resource from
"Accept" request header, "format" stash value or
"format" "GET"/"POST" parameter, defaults to
rendering an empty 204 response. Since browsers often don't really know what
they actually want, unspecific "Accept" request headers with more
than one MIME type will be ignored, unless the "X-Requested-With"
header is set to the value "XMLHttpRequest".
$c->respond_to(
json => sub { $c->render(json => {just => 'works'}) },
xml => {text => '<just>works</just>'},
any => {data => '', status => 204}
);
For more advanced negotiation logic you can also use the helper
"accepts" in Mojolicious::Plugin::DefaultHelpers.
send¶
$c = $c->send({binary => $bytes});
$c = $c->send({text => $bytes});
$c = $c->send({json => {test => [1, 2, 3]}});
$c = $c->send([$fin, $rsv1, $rsv2, $rsv3, $op, $payload]);
$c = $c->send($chars);
$c = $c->send($chars => sub {...});
Send message or frame non-blocking via WebSocket, the optional drain callback
will be invoked once all data has been written. Note that this method will
automatically respond to WebSocket handshake requests with a 101 response
status.
# Send "Text" message
$c->send('I X Mojolicious!');
# Send JSON object as "Text" message
$c->send({json => {test => 'I X Mojolicious!'}});
# Send JSON object as "Binary" message
use Mojo::JSON 'encode_json';
$c->send({binary => encode_json({test => 'I X Mojolicious!'})});
# Send "Ping" frame
$c->send([1, 0, 0, 0, 9, 'Hello World!']);
# Make sure previous message has been written before continuing
$c->send('First message!' => sub {
my $c = shift;
$c->send('Second message!');
});
For mostly idle WebSockets you might also want to increase the inactivity
timeout with "inactivity_timeout" in
Mojolicious::Plugin::DefaultHelpers, which usually defaults to 15 seconds.
# Increase inactivity timeout for connection to 300 seconds
$c->inactivity_timeout(300);
session¶
my $session = $c->session;
my $foo = $c->session('foo');
$c = $c->session({foo => 'bar'});
$c = $c->session(foo => 'bar');
Persistent data storage for the next few requests, all session data gets
serialized with Mojo::JSON and stored Base64 encoded in HMAC-SHA1 signed
cookies. Note that cookies usually have a 4096 byte (4KB) limit, depending on
browser.
# Manipulate session
$c->session->{foo} = 'bar';
my $foo = $c->session->{foo};
delete $c->session->{foo};
# Expiration date in seconds from now (persists between requests)
$c->session(expiration => 604800);
# Expiration date as absolute epoch time (only valid for one request)
$c->session(expires => time + 604800);
# Delete whole session by setting an expiration date in the past
$c->session(expires => 1);
signed_cookie¶
my $value = $c->signed_cookie('foo');
my ($foo, $bar) = $c->signed_cookie(['foo', 'bar']);
$c = $c->signed_cookie(foo => 'bar');
$c = $c->signed_cookie(foo => 'bar', {path => '/'});
Access signed request cookie values and create new signed response cookies. If
there are multiple values sharing the same name, and you want to access more
than just the last one, you can use "every_signed_cookie". Cookies
failing HMAC-SHA1 signature verification will be automatically discarded.
stash¶
my $hash = $c->stash;
my $foo = $c->stash('foo');
$c = $c->stash({foo => 'bar'});
$c = $c->stash(foo => 'bar');
Non-persistent data storage and exchange for the current request, application
wide default values can be set with "defaults" in Mojolicious. Some
stash values have a special meaning and are reserved, the full list is
currently "action", "app", "cb",
"controller", "data", "extends",
"format", "handler", "json", "layout",
"namespace", "path", "status",
"template", "text" and "variant". Note that all
stash values with a "mojo.*" prefix are reserved for internal use.
# Remove value
my $foo = delete $c->stash->{foo};
url_for¶
my $url = $c->url_for;
my $url = $c->url_for(name => 'sebastian');
my $url = $c->url_for({name => 'sebastian'});
my $url = $c->url_for('test', name => 'sebastian');
my $url = $c->url_for('test', {name => 'sebastian'});
my $url = $c->url_for('/perldoc');
my $url = $c->url_for('//mojolicio.us/perldoc');
my $url = $c->url_for('http://mojolicio.us/perldoc');
my $url = $c->url_for('mailto:sri@example.com');
Generate a portable Mojo::URL object with base for a path, URL or route.
# "http://127.0.0.1:3000/perldoc" if application has been started with Morbo
$c->url_for('/perldoc')->to_abs;
# "/perldoc?foo=bar" if application is deployed under "/"
$c->url_for('/perldoc')->query(foo => 'bar');
# "/myapp/perldoc?foo=bar" if application is deployed under "/myapp"
$c->url_for('/perldoc')->query(foo => 'bar');
You can also use the helper "url_with" in
Mojolicious::Plugin::DefaultHelpers to inherit query parameters from the
current request.
# "/list?q=mojo&page=2" if current request was for "/list?q=mojo&page=1"
$c->url_with->query([page => 2]);
validation¶
my $validation = $c->validation;
Get Mojolicious::Validator::Validation object for current request to validate
"GET" and "POST" parameters extracted from the query
string and "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" or
"multipart/form-data" message body. Parts of the request body need
to be loaded into memory to parse "POST" parameters, so you have to
make sure it is not excessively large, there's a 10MB limit by default.
my $validation = $c->validation;
$validation->required('title')->size(3, 50);
my $title = $validation->param('title');
write¶
$c = $c->write;
$c = $c->write($bytes);
$c = $c->write(sub {...});
$c = $c->write($bytes => sub {...});
Write dynamic content non-blocking, the optional drain callback will be invoked
once all data has been written.
# Keep connection alive (with Content-Length header)
$c->res->headers->content_length(6);
$c->write('Hel' => sub {
my $c = shift;
$c->write('lo!')
});
# Close connection when finished (without Content-Length header)
$c->write('Hel' => sub {
my $c = shift;
$c->write('lo!' => sub {
my $c = shift;
$c->finish;
});
});
For Comet (long polling) you might also want to increase the inactivity timeout
with "inactivity_timeout" in Mojolicious::Plugin::DefaultHelpers,
which usually defaults to 15 seconds.
# Increase inactivity timeout for connection to 300 seconds
$c->inactivity_timeout(300);
write_chunk¶
$c = $c->write_chunk;
$c = $c->write_chunk($bytes);
$c = $c->write_chunk(sub {...});
$c = $c->write_chunk($bytes => sub {...});
Write dynamic content non-blocking with "chunked" transfer encoding,
the optional drain callback will be invoked once all data has been written.
# Make sure previous chunk has been written before continuing
$c->write_chunk('He' => sub {
my $c = shift;
$c->write_chunk('ll' => sub {
my $c = shift;
$c->finish('o!');
});
});
You can call "finish" at any time to end the stream.
2
He
2
ll
2
o!
0
AUTOLOAD¶
In addition to the "ATTRIBUTES" and "METHODS" above you can
also call helpers provided by "app" on Mojolicious::Controller
objects. This includes all helpers from Mojolicious::Plugin::DefaultHelpers
and Mojolicious::Plugin::TagHelpers.
$c->layout('green');
$c->title('Welcome!');
SEE ALSO¶
Mojolicious, Mojolicious::Guides, <
http://mojolicio.us>.