NAME¶
djpeg - decompress a JPEG file to an image file
SYNOPSIS¶
djpeg [
options ] [
filename ]
DESCRIPTION¶
djpeg decompresses the named JPEG file, or the standard input if no file
is named, and produces an image file on the standard output. PBMPLUS
(PPM/PGM), BMP, GIF, Targa, or RLE (Utah Raster Toolkit) output format can be
selected. (RLE is supported only if the URT library is available.)
OPTIONS¶
All switch names may be abbreviated; for example,
-grayscale may be
written
-gray or
-gr. Most of the "basic" switches can
be abbreviated to as little as one letter. Upper and lower case are equivalent
(thus
-BMP is the same as
-bmp). British spellings are also
accepted (e.g.,
-greyscale), though for brevity these are not mentioned
below.
The basic switches are:
- -colors N
- Reduce image to at most N colors. This reduces the number of colors used
in the output image, so that it can be displayed on a colormapped display
or stored in a colormapped file format. For example, if you have an 8-bit
display, you'd need to reduce to 256 or fewer colors.
- -quantize N
- Same as -colors. -colors is the recommended name,
-quantize is provided only for backwards compatibility.
- -fast
- Select recommended processing options for fast, low quality output. (The
default options are chosen for highest quality output.) Currently, this is
equivalent to -dct fast -nosmooth -onepass -dither ordered.
- -grayscale
- Force gray-scale output even if JPEG file is color. Useful for viewing on
monochrome displays; also, djpeg runs noticeably faster in this
mode.
- -scale M/N
- Scale the output image by a factor M/N. Currently the scale factor must be
M/8, where M is an integer between 1 and 16 inclusive, or any reduced
fraction thereof (such as 1/2, 3/4, etc.) Scaling is handy if the image is
larger than your screen; also, djpeg runs much faster when scaling
down the output.
- -bmp
- Select BMP output format (Windows flavor). 8-bit colormapped format is
emitted if -colors or -grayscale is specified, or if the
JPEG file is gray-scale; otherwise, 24-bit full-color format is
emitted.
- -gif
- Select GIF output format. Since GIF does not support more than 256 colors,
-colors 256 is assumed (unless you specify a smaller number of
colors).
- -os2
- Select BMP output format (OS/2 1.x flavor). 8-bit colormapped format is
emitted if -colors or -grayscale is specified, or if the
JPEG file is gray-scale; otherwise, 24-bit full-color format is
emitted.
- -pnm
- Select PBMPLUS (PPM/PGM) output format (this is the default format). PGM
is emitted if the JPEG file is gray-scale or if -grayscale is
specified; otherwise PPM is emitted.
- -rle
- Select RLE output format. (Requires URT library.)
- -targa
- Select Targa output format. Gray-scale format is emitted if the JPEG file
is gray-scale or if -grayscale is specified; otherwise, colormapped
format is emitted if -colors is specified; otherwise, 24-bit
full-color format is emitted.
Switches for advanced users:
- -dct int
- Use integer DCT method (default).
- -dct fast
- Use fast integer DCT (less accurate).
- -dct float
- Use floating-point DCT method. The float method is very slightly more
accurate than the int method, but is much slower unless your machine has
very fast floating-point hardware. Also note that results of the
floating-point method may vary slightly across machines, while the integer
methods should give the same results everywhere. The fast integer method
is much less accurate than the other two.
- -dither fs
- Use Floyd-Steinberg dithering in color quantization.
- -dither ordered
- Use ordered dithering in color quantization.
- -dither none
- Do not use dithering in color quantization. By default, Floyd-Steinberg
dithering is applied when quantizing colors; this is slow but usually
produces the best results. Ordered dither is a compromise between speed
and quality; no dithering is fast but usually looks awful. Note that these
switches have no effect unless color quantization is being done. Ordered
dither is only available in -onepass mode.
- -map file
- Quantize to the colors used in the specified image file. This is useful
for producing multiple files with identical color maps, or for forcing a
predefined set of colors to be used. The file must be a GIF or PPM
file. This option overrides -colors and -onepass.
- -nosmooth
- Use a faster, lower-quality upsampling routine.
- -onepass
- Use one-pass instead of two-pass color quantization. The one-pass method
is faster and needs less memory, but it produces a lower-quality image.
-onepass is ignored unless you also say -colors N.
Also, the one-pass method is always used for gray-scale output (the
two-pass method is no improvement then).
- -maxmemory N
- Set limit for amount of memory to use in processing large images. Value is
in thousands of bytes, or millions of bytes if "M" is attached
to the number. For example, -max 4m selects 4000000 bytes. If more
space is needed, temporary files will be used.
- -outfile name
- Send output image to the named file, not to standard output.
- -memsrc
- Load input file into memory before decompressing. This feature was
implemented mainly as a way of testing the in-memory source manager
(jpeg_mem_src().)
- -verbose
- Enable debug printout. More -v's give more output. Also, version
information is printed at startup.
- -debug
- Same as -verbose.
EXAMPLES¶
This example decompresses the JPEG file foo.jpg, quantizes it to 256 colors, and
saves the output in 8-bit BMP format in foo.bmp:
- djpeg -colors 256 -bmp foo.jpg >
foo.bmp
HINTS¶
To get a quick preview of an image, use the
-grayscale and/or
-scale switches.
-grayscale -scale 1/8 is the fastest case.
Several options are available that trade off image quality to gain speed.
-fast turns on the recommended settings.
-dct fast and/or
-nosmooth gain speed at a small sacrifice in
quality. When producing a color-quantized image,
-onepass -dither
ordered is fast but much lower quality than the default behavior.
-dither none may give acceptable results in two-pass mode, but is
seldom tolerable in one-pass mode.
If you are fortunate enough to have very fast floating point hardware,
-dct
float may be even faster than
-dct fast. But on most machines
-dct float is slower than
-dct int; in this case it is not worth
using, because its theoretical accuracy advantage is too small to be
significant in practice.
ENVIRONMENT¶
- JPEGMEM
- If this environment variable is set, its value is the default memory
limit. The value is specified as described for the -maxmemory
switch. JPEGMEM overrides the default value specified when the
program was compiled, and itself is overridden by an explicit
-maxmemory.
SEE ALSO¶
cjpeg(1),
jpegtran(1),
rdjpgcom(1),
wrjpgcom(1)
ppm(5),
pgm(5)
Wallace, Gregory K. "The JPEG Still Picture Compression Standard",
Communications of the ACM, April 1991 (vol. 34, no. 4), pp. 30-44.
AUTHOR¶
Independent JPEG Group
This file was modified by The libjpeg-turbo Project to include only information
relevant to libjpeg-turbo, to wordsmith certain sections, and to describe
features not present in libjpeg.
BUGS¶
To avoid the Unisys LZW patent,
djpeg produces uncompressed GIF files.
These are larger than they should be, but are readable by standard GIF
decoders.