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.\"
.IX Title "Image::ExifTool::MIEUnits 3pm"
.TH Image::ExifTool::MIEUnits 3pm "2014-06-04" "perl v5.20.1" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
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.SH "NAME"
Image::ExifTool::MIEUnits \- MIE units documentation
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
The \s-1MIE\s0 format allows units of measurement to be specified in brackets at
the end of a \s-1MIE\s0 tag name (eg. \*(L"Volume(m3)\*(R"). This document describes the
standard \s-1MIE\s0 units abbreviations.
.SH "SYNTAX"
.IX Header "SYNTAX"
The units string may contain any \s-1ASCII\s0 characters in the range 0x21 ('!') to
0x7d ('}'), excepting the bracket characters (0x28 and 0x29). An empty
string is allowed, and indicates a dimensionless value. Standard
units should be used where possible. In the standard
units, an underline ('_') is used to indicate a subscript, and multiple
words may be separated with a hyphen ('\-').
.PP
Exponents should be positive, and require no separator (eg. \*(L"m2\*(R" for square
meters). Prefixes may be added to the standard units (eg.
\&\*(L"cm\*(R") except when the resulting name conflicts with another standard unit.
.PP
Multiplication is indicated by '.', and division by '/'. Reciprocal units
(ie. the multiplicative inverse) are obtained through division rather than
the use of negative exponents (eg. \*(L"/in\*(R", not \*(L"in\-1\*(R"). In \s-1MIE\s0 units,
multiplication has precedence over division, so everything to the right of a
\&'/' is in the denominator. (See \*(L"\s-1EXAMPLES\*(R"\s0 for a few examples.)
.PP
Below is a table summarizing the special characters used in \s-1MIE\s0 units
strings.
.PP
.Vb 7
\& . multiplication
\& / division (used for negative exponents)
\& \- word separator
\& _ subscript
\& {} annotation
\& [] used to avoid name conflicts if necessary
\& 0\-9 exponentiation
.Ve
.SH "STANDARD UNITS"
.IX Header "STANDARD UNITS"
.Vb 10
\& dimensionless
\& [G] Newtonian constant of gravitation (unclassified)
\& [g] standard acceleration of free fall (acceleration)
\& [h] Planck constant (action)
\& [k] Boltzmann constant (unclassified)
\& {cfu} colony forming units (number)
\& {rbc} red blood cell count (number)
\& {tbl} tablets (number)
\& {tot} particles total count (number)
\& % percent (fraction)
\& 10^N the number ten for arbitrary powers (number)
\& A Ampere (electric current)
\& a year (time)
\& a_g mean Gregorian year (time)
\& a_j mean Julian year (time)
\& a_t tropical year (time)
\& acr acre, U.S. (area)
\& acr_br acre, British (area)
\& Ao Angstrom (length)
\& APL\-U APL unit (biologic activity of anticardiolipin IgA)
\& ar are (area)
\& arb\-U arbitrary unit (arbitrary)
\& arcmin minute of arc (plane angle)
\& arcsec second of arc (plane angle)
\& atm standard atmosphere (pressure)
\& att technical atmosphere (pressure)
\& AU astronomic unit (length)
\& b barn (action area)
\& B bel (level)
\& B\-kW bel kilowatt (power level)
\& B\-mV bel millivolt (electric potential level)
\& B\-SPL bel sound pressure (pressure level)
\& B\-uV bel microvolt (electric potential level)
\& B\-V bel volt (electric potential level)
\& B\-W bel watt (power level)
\& bar bar (pressure)
\& bbl barrel (fluid volume)
\& Bd baud (signal transmission rate)
\& bdsk\-U Bodansky unit (biologic activity of phosphatase)
\& beth\-U Bethesda unit (biologic activity of factor VIII inhibitor)
\& bf board foot (volume)
\& Bi Biot (electric current)
\& bit bit (amount of information)
\& Bq Becquerel (radioactivity)
\& Btu British thermal unit (energy)
\& Btu_39 British thermal unit at 39 degF (energy)
\& Btu_59 British thermal unit at 59 degF (energy)
\& Btu_60 British thermal unit at 60 degF (energy)
\& Btu_IT international table British thermal unit (energy)
\& Btu_m mean British thermal unit (energy)
\& Btu_th thermochemical British thermal unit (energy)
\& bu bushel, U.S. (dry volume)
\& bu_br bushel, British (volume)
\& By byte (amount of information)
\& C Coulomb (electric charge)
\& c velocity of light (velocity)
\& cal calorie (energy)
\& Cal nutrition label Calories (energy)
\& cal_15 calorie at 15 degC (energy)
\& cal_20 calorie at 20 degC (energy)
\& cal_IT international table calorie (energy)
\& cal_m mean calorie (energy)
\& cal_th thermochemical calorie (energy)
\& car_Au carat of gold alloys (mass fraction)
\& car_m metric carat (mass)
\& cd candela (luminous intensity)
\& Cel degree Celsius (temperature)
\& Ch Charriere (gauge of catheters)
\& ch Gunter\*(Aqs chain, U.S. (length)
\& ch_br Gunter\*(Aqs chain, British (length)
\& Ci Curie (radioactivity)
\& cicero cicero (length)
\& circ circle (plane angle)
\& cml circular mil, international (area)
\& cr cord, international (volume)
\& crd_us cord, U.S. (fluid volume)
\& cup_us cup (volume)
\& d day (time)
\& deg degree (plane angle)
\& deg{mag} degree from magnetic north (plane angle)
\& degF degree Fahrenheit (temperature)
\& didot didot (length)
\& diop diopter (refraction of a lens)
\& dpt dry pint, U.S. (dry volume)
\& dqt dry quart, U.S. (dry volume)
\& dr dram (mass)
\& dr_ap dram, apothecary (mass)
\& drp drop (volume)
\& dye\-U Dye unit (biologic activity of amylase)
\& dyn dyne (force)
\& e elementary charge (electric charge)
\& eps_0 permittivity of vacuum (electric permittivity)
\& eq equivalents (amount of substance)
\& erg erg (energy)
\& eV electronvolt (energy)
\& F Farad (electric capacitance)
\& fdr fluid dram, U.S. (fluid volume)
\& fdr_br fluid dram, British (volume)
\& foz fluid ounce, U.S. (fluid volume)
\& foz_br fluid ounce, British (volume)
\& ft foot, international (length)
\& ft_br foot, British (length)
\& ft_us foot, U.S. (length)
\& fth fathom, international (length)
\& fth_br fathom, British (length)
\& fth_us fathom, U.S. (length)
\& fur furlong, U.S. (length)
\& G Gauss (magnetic flux density)
\& g gram (mass)
\& g.m/{H\-B} gram meter per heartbeat (prop. to ventricular stroke work)
\& g% gram percent (mass fraction)
\& Gal Gal (acceleration)
\& gal gallon, U.S. (fluid volume)
\& gal_br gallon, British (volume)
\& gal_wi historical winchester gallon (dry volume)
\& Gb Gilbert (magnetic tension)
\& gf gram\-force (force)
\& gil gill, U.S. (fluid volume)
\& gil_br gill, British (volume)
\& gon gon (plane angle)
\& GPL\-U GPL unit (biologic activity of anticardiolipin IgG)
\& gr grain (mass)
\& Gy Gray (energy dose)
\& H Henry (inductance)
\& h hour (time)
\& hd hand, international (height of horses)
\& hnsf\-U Hounsfield unit (x\-ray attenuation)
\& HP horsepower (power)
\& hp_C homeopathic potency of centesimal series (homeopathic potency)
\& hp_X homeopathic potency of decimal series (homeopathic potency)
\& HPF high power field (view area in microscope)
\& Hz Herz (frequency)
\& in inch, international (length)
\& in_br inch, British (length)
\& in_us inch, U.S. (length)
\& in\-H2O inch of water column (pressure)
\& in\-Hg inch of mercury column (pressure)
\& iU international unit (arbitrary)
\& J Joule (energy)
\& K Kelvin (temperature)
\& ka\-U King\-Armstrong unit (biologic activity of phosphatase)
\& kat katal (catalytic activity)
\& kg{wet\-tis} kilogram of wet tissue (mass)
\& kn knot, international (velocity)
\& kn_br knot, British (velocity)
\& knk\-U Kunkel unit (arbitrary biologic activity)
\& Ky Kayser (lineic number)
\& l liter (volume)
\& L liter (volume)
\& lb pound (mass)
\& lb_ap pound, apothecary (mass)
\& lb_tr pound, troy (mass)
\& lbf pound force (force)
\& lcwt long hunderdweight (mass)
\& ligne ligne (length)
\& lk link for Gunter\*(Aqs chain, U.S. (length)
\& lk_br link for Gunter\*(Aqs chain, British (length)
\& lm lumen (luminous flux)
\& Lmb Lambert (brightness)
\& lne line (length)
\& LPF low power field (view area in microscope)
\& lton long ton (mass)
\& lx lux (illuminance)
\& ly light\-year (length)
\& m meter (length)
\& m_e electron mass (mass)
\& m_p proton mass (mass)
\& m\-H2O meter of water column (pressure)
\& m\-Hg meter of mercury column (pressure)
\& mclg\-U Mac Lagan unit (arbitrary biologic activity)
\& mesh mesh, international (lineic number)
\& MET metabolic equivalent (metabolic cost of physical activity)
\& mg{creat} milligram of creatinine (mass)
\& mho mho (electric conductance)
\& mi mile, international (statute mile) (length)
\& mi_br mile, British (length)
\& mi_us mile, U.S. (length)
\& mil mil, international (length)
\& mil_us mil, U.S. (length)
\& min minute (time)
\& min_br minim, British (volume)
\& min_us minim, U.S. (fluid volume)
\& mo month (time)
\& mo_g mean Gregorian month (time)
\& mo_j mean Julian month (time)
\& mo_s synodal month (time)
\& mol mole (amount of substance)
\& MPL\-U MPL unit (biologic activity of anticardiolipin IgM)
\& mu_0 permeability of vacuum (magnetic permeability)
\& Mx Maxwell (flux of magnetic induction)
\& N Newton (force)
\& nmi nautical mile, international (length)
\& nmi_br nautical mile, British (length)
\& Np neper (level)
\& Oe Oersted (magnetic field intensity)
\& Ohm Ohm (electric resistance)
\& osm osmole of dissolved particles (amount of substance)
\& oz ounce (mass)
\& oz_ap ounce, apothecary (mass)
\& oz_tr ounce, troy (mass)
\& P Poise (dynamic viscosity)
\& Pa Pascal (pressure)
\& pc parsec (length)
\& pc_br pace (length)
\& pca pica (length)
\& pca_pr Printer\*(Aqs pica (length)
\& pH pH (acidity)
\& ph phot (illuminance)
\& pi the number pi (number)
\& pied pied (length)
\& pk peck, U.S. (dry volume)
\& pk_br peck, British (volume)
\& pnt point (length)
\& pnt_pr Printer\*(Aqs point (length)
\& pouce pouce (length)
\& ppb parts per billion (fraction)
\& ppm parts per million (fraction)
\& ppth parts per thousand (fraction)
\& pptr parts per trillion (fraction)
\& PRU peripheral vascular resistance unit (fluid resistance)
\& psi pound per square inch (pressure)
\& pt pint, U.S. (fluid volume)
\& pt_br pint, British (volume)
\& pwt_tr pennyweight (mass)
\& qt quart, U.S. (fluid volume)
\& qt_br quart, British (volume)
\& R Roentgen (ion dose)
\& rad radian (plane angle)
\& RAD radiation absorbed dose (energy dose)
\& rch Ramden\*(Aqs chain, U.S. (length)
\& rd rod, U.S. (length)
\& rd_br rod, British (length)
\& REM radiation equivalent man (dose equivalent)
\& rlk_us link for Ramden\*(Aqs chain (length)
\& s second (time)
\& S Siemens (electric conductance)
\& sb stilb (lum. intensity density)
\& sc_ap scruple, apothecary (mass)
\& sct section (area)
\& scwt short hundredweight (mass)
\& smgy\-U Somogyi unit (biologic activity of amylase)
\& sph spere (solid angle)
\& sr streadian (solid angle)
\& st stere (volume)
\& St Stokes (kinematic viscosity)
\& ston short ton (mass)
\& stone stone (mass)
\& Sv Sievert (dose equivalent)
\& Sv\-U Svedberg unit (sedimentation coefficient)
\& T Tesla (magnetic flux density)
\& t tonne (mass)
\& tb\-U tuberculin unit (biologic activity of tuberculin)
\& tbs tablespoon, U.S. (volume)
\& todd\-U Todd unit (biologic activity antistreptolysin O)
\& tsp teaspoon, U.S. (volume)
\& twp township (area)
\& u unified atomic mass unit (mass)
\& U Unit (catalytic activity)
\& USP\-U U.S. Pharmacopeia unit (arbitrary)
\& V Volt (electric potential)
\& W Watt (power)
\& Wb Weber (magnetic flux)
\& wk week (time)
\& yd yard, international (length)
\& yd_br yard, British (length)
\& yd_us yard, U.S. (length)
.Ve
.SH "PREFIXES"
.IX Header "PREFIXES"
Standard \s-1SI\s0 prefixes:
.PP
.Vb 10
\& y yocto (10^\-24)
\& z zepto (10^\-21)
\& a atto (10^\-18)
\& f femto (10^\-15)
\& p pico (10^\-12)
\& n nano (10^\-9)
\& u micro (10^\-6)
\& m milli (10^\-3)
\& c centi (10^\-2)
\& d deci (10^\-1)
\& da deka (10)
\& h hecto (10^2)
\& k kilo (10^3)
\& G giga (10^9)
\& M mega (10^6)
\& T tera (10^12)
\& P peta (10^15)
\& E exa (10^18)
\& Z zetta (10^21)
\& Y yotta (10^24)
.Ve
.PP
Binary power prefixes:
.PP
.Vb 4
\& Ki kibi (2^10)
\& Mi mebi (2^20)
\& Gi gibi (2^30)
\& Ti tebi (2^40)
.Ve
.SH "EXAMPLES"
.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
A few examples of combined units strings:
.PP
.Vb 5
\& /cm3 per cubic centimeter
\& in2 square inches
\& kg.m/s2 Newtons (N)
\& m3/kg.s2 units of [G]
\& 10^100 googols
.Ve
.SH "HISTORY"
.IX Header "HISTORY"
.Vb 1
\& 2006\-12\-14 \- PH Created
.Ve
.SH "AUTHOR"
.IX Header "AUTHOR"
Copyright 2003\-2014, Phil Harvey (phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca)
.PP
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.
.SH "REFERENCES"
.IX Header "REFERENCES"
.IP "" 4
.IX Item ""
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fIImage::ExifTool::MIE\fR\|(3pm),
\&\fIImage::ExifTool\fR\|(3pm)