.\"-- << kanji code converter >> ----
.\"
.\" kcc.jman
.\"                                                 Aug 24 1992
.\"                                     mod:        Nov 19 1992
.\"				translated:	    Oct 15 1999
.\"------------------------------------------------ tonooka ------------
.\" @(#)kcc.jman 2.1 (Y.Tonooka) 9/6/93
.TH KCC L "November 19, 1992" "Y. Tonooka"
.SH NAME
kcc \- Kanji code coverter with encoding auto detection
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B kcc
[
.BI \- IO chnvxz
] [
.BI \-b " bufsize"
]
.RI [ " file " "] .\|.\|."
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B kcc
is a filter that reads
.I file
sequencially, converts kanji encodings and output to stdout.
If no file is specified, or specified
.B \-
as filename, it read from stdin.
You can specify kanji encodings for input/output. However, 
.B kcc
detect input encodig automatically, if you don't specify input encoding.
.LP
Available kanji encodings are
.SM JIS (7 bit and/or 8 bit), Shift
.SM JIS\s0\s-1EUC\s0\s-1DEC\s0.
For input encoding, you can mix when these are pair of one of \s-1EUC\s0
\s-1DEC\s0 or Shift
.SM JIS
and 7 bit
.SM JIS.
.BR \s-1SI\s0 / \s-1SO\s0 \s-1ESC\s0(I
are recognized as halfwidth of \s-1JIS\s0.
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
.BI \- O
.PD 0
.TP
.BI \- IO
.IR I " for input kanji encoding¡¤" O
for output kanji encoding.  When no input encoding specified, 
it will be detected automatically, and if both of input/output
aren't specified, output encoding is 7 bit
.SM JIS.
.PD
.IP
You can specify one of the followings for the input encoding option, 
.I I.
.LP
.RS 10
.PD 0
.TP
.B e
.SM EUC\s0(available with 7 bit
.SM JIS
)
.TP
.B d
.SM DEC\s0(available with 7 bit
.SM JIS
)
.TP
.B s
Shift
.SM JIS\s0(available with 7 bit
.SM JIS
)
.TP
.BR j 7 " or " k
7 bit
.SM JIS
.TP
.B 8
8 bit
.SM JIS
.PD
.RE
.IP
You can specify one of the followings for output encoding option, 
.I O.
.LP
.RS 10
.PD 0
.TP
.B e
.SM EUC
.TP
.B d
.SM DEC
.TP
.B s
Shift
.SM JIS
.TP
.BR j\fIXY " or " 7\fIXY
7 bit
.RB \s-1JIS\s0(using \s-1SI\s0 / \s-1SO\s0
for 
.SM JIS
kana designation)
.TP
.BI k XY
7 bit
.RB \s-1JIS\s0(using \s-1ESC\s0(I
for
.SM JIS
kana designation)
.TP
.BI 8 XY
8 bit
.SM JIS
.PD
.RE
.IP
By
.I XY
in
.I O
option, 
You can specify which escape sequence used in \s-1JIS\s0 encoding.
.B BJ
is default.   Supplimental kanji designation is fixed to
.B \s-1ESC\s0$(D
.LP
.RS 10
.PD 0
.TP
.I X
Kanji is designated by:
.RS 5
.TP
.B B
.BR \s-1ESC\s0$B "(JIS X0208-1983)
.TP
.B @
.BR \s-1ESC\s0$@ "(JIS X0208-1978)
.TP
.B +
.BR \s-1ESC\s0&@\s-1ESC\s0$B "(JIS X0212-1990)
.RE
.TP
.I Y
Alpha Numerical is designated by:
.RS 5
.TP
.B B
.BR \s-1ESC\s0(B "(ASCII)
.TP
.B J
.BR \s-1ESC\s0(J "(JIS Roman; JIS X0201)
.TP
.B H
.BR \s-1ESC\s0(H "(Swedish; strongly deprecated)
.PD
.RE
.RE
.TP
.B \-v
outputs result of input encoding detection to stderr.
.TP
.B \-x
Extension mode.  By auto detection of input encodings, recognize
user-defined characters and extended character region (
out of range of \s-1EUC\s0, undefined halfwidth kana, control character,
.SM C1
area and/or extended character region Shift
.SM C1
.SM JIS
). Distinguish between \s-1DEC\s0 and
.SM EUC
is done in this mode.
.TP
.B \-z
Shrink mode. Don't recognize halfwidth kana (except 7 bit
.SM JIS
) with input encoding detection.
With this option, accuracy of auto detection of input encodings becomes
much better for file without halfwidth kana.
.TP
.B \-h
Normally, When converted halfwidth kana to 
.SM DEC
, it becomes fullwidth Katakana.  With this option, it becomes Hiragana.
.TP
.B \-n
user-defined characters, extended characters and supplimental kanji 
characters areconverted to fullwidth white box, and undefined region of 
halfwidth kana are converted to halfwidth centered dot.
.TP
.BI \-b " bufsize"
specify buffer size.  8kbytes is default.
.TP
.B \-c
don't convert but check input encoding and print result to stdout.
Different with normal auto-detection,  whole contents of file is checked.
However, when inconsistency of encodings is found, abort reading and print
"data".  Options except \fB\-x\fR¡¤\fB\-z\fR are ignored.
.SH EXAMPLES
.IP "\fB% kcc \-e \fIfile"
Input encoding are detect automatically, and output is in
.SM EUC
encoding.
.IP "\fB% kcc \-sj \fIfile1 file2"
Two files in Shift
.SM JIS
concatinated with converting to 
.SM JIS.
.IP "\fB% \fIcommand\fB | kcc \-k+J"
output of 
.I command are converted to 
.SM JIS\s0(\s-1JIS\s0 JIS X0208
\s-1JIS\s0 JIS Roman¡¤\fB\s-1ESC\s0(I\fR Halfwidth Kana
.SM JIS
)
.IP "\fB% kcc \-c \fIfile"
Encoding of contents of
.I file
is detected(no conversion)
.SH BUG
Auto detection of input encoding is well done for normal case, however,
it has the following problems.
.LP
7 bit
.SM JIS
is recognized by escape sequence in certain.
\s-1EUC\s0 and
.SM DEC
are the same (refered as
.SM EUC
series).  Halfwidth kana of 8 bit
.SM JIS
is the same as halfwidth kana of Shift
.SM JIS
(refered as Shift
.SM JIS
series).  However, 
.SM EUC
series and
.SM JIS
, which are both 8 bit encoding, are sharing the same regions widely. 
So, the problem in auto detection is detection of these 2 encodings.
.LP
Detection of 
.SM EUC
series/Shift
.SM JIS
series is done in line by line, When it is found that it's not Shift
.SM JIS
series, or it's not \s-1EUC\s0 series, encoding is determined.
When inconsistensy found, it will be treated as "data" and 
contents of output is not guaranteed.
.LP
While determined between 
.SM EUC
series/Shift
.SM JIS
series after 8bit code found,  conversions are pending and put input
data in buffer,  however, buffer is fulled, it assumes it's
.SM EUC
series and forces to start conversion. Rationale. Usually, we can 
assume that documents with kanji include
.SM JIS
non-kanji or
.SM JIS
first standard, it can be detected in certain if it is Shift
.SM JIS
, which does not share region with 
.SM EUC.
So if it can't be determined, it's very likely to be 
.SM EUC.
.LP
8 bit
.SM JIS
and it has always even number of halfwidth kana sequences, then
it will be wrongly detected as \s-1EUC\s0 kanji. Be ceraful.
.LP
If input encoding doesn't have halfwidth kana, use 
.B \-z
and accuracy of detection become much better. 
This is because shared region are restricted to area of 
.SM JIS
second standards.
.LP
Extended region of
Shift
.SM JIS
user-defined area of \s-1EUC\s0, control characters 
.SM C1
of \s-1EUC\s0, undefined region of halfwidth kana of \s-1EUC\s0 
are out of range of auto detection, so it will fails to detect
encodings if input has these characters.  Use 
.B \-x
option to specify extended mode, or specify input code.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR cat (1)
.SH NOTES
Usually, user-defined characters, extended characters, supplimental kanji
characters are mapped respectively. However characters that is
out of range of extended characters become FCFC in hexadecimal when
converted to Shift
.SM JIS.
Although control character region
.SM C1
of 
\s-1EUC\s0 and
.SM DEC
remains when converted to 
.SM JIS
, these will be deleted when converted to Shift
.SM JIS
Undefined area of halfwidth kana become halfwidth centered dot
when convered to Shift
.SM JIS
Halfwidth kana become fullwidth kana when converted to 
.SM DEC.
.LP
When output is 
.SM JIS
encoding, control characters such as newline, TAB, DEL and white space
(halfwidth) will be output in ASCII mode.
.LP
When encoding of input is detected wrongly, or input undefined
character for expected character sets, output is indefined.
.LP
This manual are translated by Fumitoshi UKAI <ukai@debian.or.jp>
for Debian system, but you can use it for any purpose.