NAME¶
pgpverify - Cryptographically verify Usenet control messages
SYNOPSIS¶
pgpverify [
--findid=
string] [
--test] <
message
DESCRIPTION¶
The
pgpverify program reads (on standard input) a Usenet control message
that has been cryptographically signed using the
signcontrol program
(or some other program that produces a compatible format).
pgpverify
then uses a PGP implementation to determine who signed the control message. If
the control message has a valid signature,
pgpverify prints (to stdout)
the user ID of the key that signed the message. Otherwise, it exits with a
non-zero exit status.
If
pgpverify is installed as part of INN, it uses INN's configuration to
determine what signature verification program to use, how to log errors, what
temporary directory to use, and what keyring to use. Otherwise, all of those
parameters can be set by editing the beginning of this script.
By default, when running as part of INN,
pgpverify expects the PGP key
ring to be found in
pathetc/pgp (as either
pubring.pgp or
pubring.gpg depending on whether PGP or GnuPG is used to verify
signatures). If that directory doesn't exist, it will fall back on using the
default key ring, which is in a
.pgp or
.gnupg subdirectory of
the running user's home directory.
INN, when using GnuPG, configures
pgpverify to use
gpgv, which by
default expects keys to be in a keyring named
trustedkeys.gpg, since it
doesn't implement trust checking directly.
pgpverify uses that file if
present but falls back to
pubring.gpg if it's not found. This bypasses
the trust model for checking keys, but is compatible with the way that
pgpverify used to behave. Of course, if a keyring is found in
pathetc/pgp or configured at the top of the script, that overrides all
of this behavior.
OPTIONS¶
- --findid=string
- The --findid flag causes pgpverify to explicitly search for
string in the output from PGP's analysis of the message. This
option is useful when several UIDs are defined on a single PGP key, and
the caller to pgpverify needs checking whether a given one is
defined on this key. In case the signature is valid but does not contain
string, pgpverify exits with exit status 4.
- --test
- The --test flag causes pgpverify to print out the input that
it is passing to PGP (which is a reconstructed version of the input that
supposedly created the control message) as well as the output from PGP's
analysis of the message.
EXIT STATUS¶
pgpverify may exit with the following statuses:
- 0
- The control message had a good PGP signature.
- 1
- The control message had no PGP signature.
- 2
- The control message had an unknown PGP signature.
- 3
- The control message had a bad PGP signature.
- 4
- The control message had a good PGP signature but the argument given to the
--findid flag had non been found in the output from PGP's analysis
of the message.
- 255
- A problem occurred not directly related to PGP analysis of signature.
ENVIRONMENT¶
pgpverify does not modify or otherwise alter the environment before
invoking the
pgp or
gpgv program. It is the responsibility of
the person who installs
pgpverify to ensure that when
pgp or
gpgv runs, it has the ability to locate and read a PGP key file that
contains the PGP public keys for the appropriate Usenet hierarchy
administrators.
pgpverify can be pointed to an appropriate key ring by
editing variables at the beginning of this script.
NOTES¶
Historically, Usenet news server administrators have configured their news
servers to automatically honor Usenet control messages based on the originator
of the control messages and the hierarchies for which the control messages
applied. For example, in the past, David Lawrence always issued control
messages for the "Big 8" hierarchies (comp, humanities, misc,
news, rec, sci, soc, talk). Usenet news administrators would configure their
news server software to automatically honor newgroup and rmgroup control
messages that originated from David Lawrence and applied to any of the
Big 8 hierarchies.
Unfortunately, Usenet news articles (including control messages) are notoriously
easy to forge. Soon, malicious users realized they could create or remove (at
least temporarily) any Big 8 newsgroup they wanted by simply forging an
appropriate control message in David Lawrence's name. As Usenet became more
widely used, forgeries became more common.
The
pgpverify program was designed to allow Usenet news administrators to
configure their servers to cryptographically verify control messages before
automatically acting on them. Under the
pgpverify system, a Usenet
hierarchy maintainer creates a PGP public/private key pair and disseminates
the public key. Whenever the hierarchy maintainer issues a control message, he
uses the
signcontrol program to sign the control message with the PGP
private key. Usenet news administrators configure their news servers to run
the
pgpverify program on the appropriate control messages, and take
action based on the PGP key User ID that signed the control message, not the
name and address that appear in the control message's From: or Sender:
headers.
Thus, appropriate use of the
signcontrol and
pgpverify programs
essentially eliminates the possibility of malicious users forging Usenet
control messages that sites will act upon, as such users would have to obtain
the PGP private key in order to forge a control message that would pass the
cryptographic verification step. If the hierarchy administrators properly
protect their PGP private keys, the only way a malicious user could forge a
validly-signed control message would be by breaking the public key encryption
algorithm, which (at least at this time) is believed to be prohibitively
difficult for PGP keys of a sufficient bit length.
HISTORY¶
pgpverify was written by David C Lawrence <tale@isc.org>. Manual
page provided by James Ralston. It is currently maintained by Russ Allbery
<eagle@eyrie.org>.
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE¶
David Lawrence wrote: "Our lawyer told me to include the following. The
upshot of it is that you can use the software for free as much as you
like."
Copyright (c) 1996 UUNET Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
- 1.
- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- 2.
- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- 3.
- All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software must
display the following acknowledgement:
This product includes software developed by UUNET Technologies, Inc.
- 4.
- The name of UUNET Technologies ("UUNET") may not be used to
endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY UUNET "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO
EVENT SHALL UUNET BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
SEE ALSO¶
gpgv(1),
pgp(1).
<
ftp://ftp.isc.org/pub/pgpcontrol/> is where the most recent versions of
signcontrol and
pgpverify live, along with PGP public keys used
for hierarchy administration.