table of contents
DIGI(4) | Device Drivers Manual | DIGI(4) |
NAME¶
digi
—
DigiBoard intelligent serial cards driver
SYNOPSIS¶
device digi
This man page was originally written for the dgb driver, and should likely be
gone over with a fine tooth comb to reflect differences with the digi driver.
When not defined the number is computed:
default
If it is less than the actual number of ports the system will be able to use
only the first NDGBPORTS
=
number_of_described_DigiBoard_cards * 16NDGBPORTS
ports. If it is
greater then all ports will be usable but some memory will be wasted.
Meaning of flags
:
- 0x0001
- use alternate pinout (exchange DCD and DSR lines)
- 0x0002
- do not use 8K window mode of PC/Xe
0b CCmmmmmmmmOLIPPPPP CCard number mmmmmmmmajor number callOut Lock Initial PPPPPort number
DESCRIPTION¶
Thedigi
driver provides support for
DigiBoard PC/Xe and PC/Xi series intelligent serial multiport cards with
asynchronous interfaces based on the EIA RS-232C (CCITT V.24) standard.
Input and output for each line may set to one of following baud rates; 50, 75,
110, 134.5, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 1800, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600,
or for newer versions of cards 115200.
The driver does not use any interrupts, it is “polling-based”.
This means that it uses clock interrupts instead of interrupts generated by
DigiBoard cards and checks the state of cards 25 times per second. This is
practical because the DigiBoard cards have large input and output buffers
(more than 1Kbyte per port) and hardware that allows efficiently finding the
port that needs attention. The only problem seen with this policy is slower
SLIP and PPP response.
Each line in the kernel configuration file describes one card, not one port as
in the sio(4) driver.
The flags
keyword may be used on each
“device dgb
” line in the kernel
configuration file to change the pinout of the interface or to use new PC/Xe
cards which can work with an 8K memory window in compatibility mode (with a
64K memory window). Note that using 8K memory window does not mean shorter
input/output buffers, it means only that all buffers will be mapped to the
same memory address and switched as needed.
The port
value must be the same as the port
set on the card by jumpers. For PC/Xi cards the same rule is applicable to the
iomem
value. It must be the same as the
memory address set on the card by jumpers. For PC/Xe cards there is no need to
use jumpers for this purpose. In fact there are no jumpers to do it. Just
write the address you want as the iomem
value in kernel config file and the card will be programmed to use this
address.
The same range of memory addresses may be used for all the DigiBoards installed
(but not for any other card or real memory). DigiBoards with a large amount of
memory (256K or 512K and perhaps even 128K) must be mapped to memory addresses
outside of the first megabyte. If the computer has more than 15 megabytes of
memory then there is no free address space outside of the first megabyte where
such DigiBoards can be mapped. In this case you may need to reduce the amount
of memory in the computer. But many machines provide a better solution. They
have the ability to “turn off” the memory in the 16th megabyte
(addresses 0xF00000 - 0xFFFFFF) using the BIOS setup. Then the DigiBoard's
address space can be set to this “hole”.
Serial ports controlled by the digi
driver
can be used for both “callin” and “callout”. For
each port there is a callin device and a callout device. The minor number of
the callout device is 128 higher than that of the corresponding callin port.
The callin device is general purpose. Processes opening it normally wait for
carrier and for the callout device to become inactive. The callout device is
used to steal the port from processes waiting for carrier on the callin
device. Processes opening it do not wait for carrier and put any processes
waiting for carrier on the callin device into a deeper sleep so that they do
not conflict with the callout session. The callout device is abused for
handling programs that are supposed to work on general ports and need to open
the port without waiting but are too stupid to do so.
The digi
driver also supports an
initial-state and a lock-state control device for each of the callin and the
callout “data” devices. The minor number of the initial-state
device is 32 higher than that of the corresponding data device. The minor
number of the lock-state device is 64 higher than that of the corresponding
data device. The termios settings of a data device are copied from those of
the corresponding initial-state device on first opens and are not inherited
from previous opens. Use stty(1) in the normal
way on the initial-state devices to program initial termios states suitable
for your setup.
The lock termios state acts as flags to disable changing the termios state.
E.g., to lock a flag variable such as
CRTSCTS
, use “stty
crtscts
” on the lock-state device. Speeds and special characters
may be locked by setting the corresponding value in the lock-state device to
any nonzero value.
Correct programs talking to correctly wired external devices work with almost
arbitrary initial states and no locking, but other setups may benefit from
changing some of the default initial state and locking the state. In
particular, the initial states for non (POSIX) standard flags should be set to
suit the devices attached and may need to be locked to prevent buggy programs
from changing them. E.g., CRTSCTS
should be
locked on for devices that support RTS/CTS handshaking at all times and off
for devices that do not support it at all.
CLOCAL
should be locked on for devices that
do not support carrier. HUPCL
may be locked
off if you do not want to hang up for some reason. In general, very bad things
happen if something is locked to the wrong state, and things should not be
locked for devices that support more than one setting. The
CLOCAL
flag on callin ports should be
locked off for logins to avoid certain security holes, but this needs to be
done by getty if the callin port is used for anything else.
FILES¶
- /dev/ttyD??
- for callin ports
- /dev/ttyiD??
- /dev/ttylD??
- corresponding callin initial-state and lock-state devices
- /dev/cuaD??
- for callout ports
- /dev/cuaiD??
- /dev/cualD??
- corresponding callout initial-state and lock-state devices
- /etc/rc.serial
- examples of setting the initial-state and lock-state devices
DIAGNOSTICS¶
You may enable extended diagnostics by defining DEBUG at the start of the source file dgb.c.- dgbX: warning: address N truncated to M
- The memory address for the PC/Xe's 8K window is misaligned (it should be on an 8K boundary) or outside of the first megabyte.
- dgbX: 1st reset failed
- Problems with accessing I/O port of the card, probably the wrong
port
value is specified in the kernel config file. - dgbX: 2nd reset failed
- Problems with hardware.
- dgbX: N[st,nd,rd,th] memory test failed
- Problems with accessing the memory of the card, probably the wrong
iomem
value is specified in the kernel config file. - dgbX: BIOS start failed
- Problems with starting the on-board BIOS. Probably the memory addresses of the DigiBoard overlap with some other device or with RAM.
- dgbX: BIOS download failed
- Problems with the on-board BIOS. Probably the memory addresses of the DigiBoard overlap with some other device or with RAM.
- dgbX: FEP code download failed
- Problems with downloading of the Front-End Processor's micro-OS. Probably the memory addresses of the DigiBoard overlap with some other device or with RAM.
- dgbX: FEP/OS start failed
- Problems with starting of the Front-End Processor's micro-OS. Probably the memory addresses of the DigiBoard overlap with some other device or with RAM.
- dgbX: too many ports
- This DigiBoard reports that it has more than 32 ports. Perhaps a hardware problem or the memory addresses of the DigiBoard overlap with some other device or with RAM.
- dgbX: only N ports are usable
- The
NDGBPORTS
parameter is too small and there is only enough space allocated for N ports on this card. - dgbX: port Y is broken
- The on-board diagnostic has reported that the specified port has hardware problems.
- dgbX: polling of disabled board stopped
- Internal problems in the polling logic of driver.
- dgbX: event queue's head or tail is wrong!
- Internal problems in the driver or hardware.
- dgbX: port Y: got event on nonexisting port
- Some status changed on a port that is physically present but is unusable due to misconfiguration.
- dgbX: port Y: event N mstat M lstat K
- The driver got a strange event from card. Probably this means that you have a newer card with an extended list of events or some other hardware problem.
- dgbX: port Y: overrun
- Input buffer has filled up. Problems in polling logic of driver.
- dgbX: port Y: FEP command on disabled port
- Internal problems in driver.
- dgbX: port Y: timeout on FEP command
- Problems in hardware.
SEE ALSO¶
stty(1), termios(4), tty(4), comcontrol(8)HISTORY¶
Thedigi
driver is derived from the
sio(4) driver and the DigiBoard driver from Linux
and is currently under development.
BUGS¶
The implementation of sendingBREAK
is
broken. BREAK
of fixed length of 1/4 s is
sent anyway.
There was a bug in implementation of select(2). It
is fixed now but not widely tested yet.
There is no ditty command. Most of its functions (alternate pinout, speed up to
115200 baud, etc.) are implemented in the driver itself. Some other functions
are missing.December 7, 2003 | Debian |