NAME¶
bup-split - save individual files to bup backup sets
SYNOPSIS¶
bup split [-t] [-c] [-n
name] COMMON_OPTIONS
bup split -b COMMON_OPTIONS
bup split <--noop [--copy]|--copy> COMMON_OPTIONS
- COMMON_OPTIONS
- [-r host:path] [-v] [-q] [-d seconds-since-epoch]
[--bench] [--max-pack-size= bytes] [-#] [--bwlimit=bytes]
[--max-pack-objects= n] [--fanout=count] [--keep-boundaries]
[--git-ids | filenames...]
DESCRIPTION¶
bup split concatenates the contents of the given files (or if no
filenames are given, reads from stdin), splits the content into chunks of
around 8k using a rolling checksum algorithm, and saves the chunks into a bup
repository. Chunks which have previously been stored are not stored again (ie.
they are 'deduplicated').
Because of the way the rolling checksum works, chunks tend to be very stable
across changes to a given file, including adding, deleting, and changing
bytes.
For example, if you use bup split to back up an XML dump of a database,
and the XML file changes slightly from one run to the next, nearly all the
data will still be deduplicated and the size of each backup after the first
will typically be quite small.
Another technique is to pipe the output of the
tar(1) or
cpio(1) programs to
bup split. When individual files in the tarball change slightly or are
added or removed, bup still processes the remainder of the tarball
efficiently. (Note that bup save is usually a more efficient way to
accomplish this, however.)
To get the data back, use
bup-join(1).
MODES¶
These options select the primary behavior of the command, with -n being the most
likely choice.
- -n, --name=name
- after creating the dataset, create a git branch named name so that
it can be accessed using that name. If name already exists, the new
dataset will be considered a descendant of the old name. (Thus, you
can continually create new datasets with the same name, and later view the
history of that dataset to see how it has changed over time.)
- -t, --tree
- output the git tree id of the resulting dataset.
- -c, --commit
- output the git commit id of the resulting dataset.
- -b, --blobs
- output a series of git blob ids that correspond to the chunks in the
dataset. Incompatible with -n, -t, and -c.
- --noop
- read the data and split it into blocks based on the "bupsplit"
rolling checksum algorithm, but don't do anything with the blocks. This is
mostly useful for benchmarking. Incompatible with -n, -t, -c, and -b.
- --copy
- like --noop, but also write the data to stdout. This can be useful for
benchmarking the speed of read+bupsplit+write for large amounts of data.
Incompatible with -n, -t, -c, and -b.
OPTIONS¶
- -r, --remote=host:path
- save the backup set to the given remote server. If path is omitted,
uses the default path on the remote server (you still need to include the
':'). The connection to the remote server is made with SSH. If you'd like
to specify which port, user or private key to use for the SSH connection,
we recommend you use the ~/.ssh/config file.
- -d, --date=seconds-since-epoch
- specify the date inscribed in the commit (seconds since 1970-01-01).
- -q, --quiet
- disable progress messages.
- -v, --verbose
- increase verbosity (can be used more than once).
- --git-ids
- stdin is a list of git object ids instead of raw data. bup split
will read the contents of each named git object (if it exists in the bup
repository) and split it. This might be useful for converting a git
repository with large binary files to use bup-style hashsplitting instead.
This option is probably most useful when combined with
--keep-boundaries.
- --keep-boundaries
- if multiple filenames are given on the command line, they are normally
concatenated together as if the content all came from a single file. That
is, the set of blobs/trees produced is identical to what it would have
been if there had been a single input file. However, if you use
--keep-boundaries, each file is split separately. You still only get a
single tree or commit or series of blobs, but each blob comes from only
one of the files; the end of one of the input files always ends a
blob.
- --bench
- print benchmark timings to stderr.
- --max-pack-size=bytes
- never create git packfiles larger than the given number of bytes. Default
is 1 billion bytes. Usually there is no reason to change this.
- --max-pack-objects=numobjs
- never create git packfiles with more than the given number of objects.
Default is 200 thousand objects. Usually there is no reason to change
this.
- --fanout=numobjs
- when splitting very large files, try and keep the number of elements in
trees to an average of numobjs.
- --bwlimit=bytes/sec
- don't transmit more than bytes/sec bytes per second to the server.
This is good for making your backups not suck up all your network
bandwidth. Use a suffix like k, M, or G to specify multiples of 1024, 1024
1024, 10241024*1024 respectively.
- -#, --compress=#
- set the compression level to # (a value from 0-9, where 9 is the highest
and 0 is no compression). The default is 1 (fast, loose compression)
EXAMPLE¶
-
$ tar -cf - /etc | bup split -r myserver: -n mybackup-tar
tar: Removing leading /' from member names
Indexing objects: 100% (196/196), done.
$ bup join -r myserver: mybackup-tar | tar -tf - | wc -l
1961
SEE ALSO¶
bup-join(1),
bup-index(1),
bup-save(1),
bup-on(1),
ssh_config(5)
BUP¶
Part of the
bup(1) suite.
AUTHORS¶
Avery Pennarun <apenwarr@gmail.com>.